Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1426
The Conquest of Makkah
خُرُوجِهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ قَاصِدًا مَكَّةَ قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْأَرْبِعَاءِ بَعْدَ الْعَصْرِ لِعَشَرٍ خَلَوْنَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَنَادَى مُنَادِيهِ: «مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَ فَلْيَصُمْ، وَمَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ” وَصَامَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَا حَلَّ عُقْدَةً حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الصَّلْصَلِ، وَخَرَجَ فِي الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَطَوَائِفَ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَقَادُوا الْخَيْلَ، وَامْتَطَوُا الْإِبِلَ، وَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَامَهُ الزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ فِي مِائَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَيْدَاءَ قَالَ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخَدْرِيِّ: «إِنِّي لَأَرَى السَّحَابَ يَسْتَهِلُّ بِنَصْرِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ”. وَلَمَّا دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَرْجَ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ، صَبَّ الْمَاءَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ وَوَجْهِهِ مِنَ الْعَطَشِ - كَمَا رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ مَالِكٌ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ - وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ فِي الْإِكْلِيلِ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ قَالَ: «رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْعَرْجِ يَصُبُّ الْمَاءَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ مِنَ الْحَرِّ وَهُوَ صَائِمٌ”، وَلَمَّا سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْعَرْجِ - وَكَانَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الْعُرْجِ وَالطَّلُوبِ - نَظَرَ إِلَى كَلْبَةٍ تَهُرُّ عَنْ أَوْلَادِهَا، وَهُنَّ حَوْلَهَا يُرْضِعْنَهَا، فَأَمَرَ جَمِيلَ بْنَ سُرَاقَةَ ؓ أَنْ يَقُومَ حِذَاءَهَا، لَا يَعْرِضُ لَهَا أَحَدٌ مِنَ الْجَيْشِ، وَلَا لِأَوْلَادِهَا. وَقَدِمَ ﷺ بِمِائَةِ جَرِيدَةٍ تَكُونُ أَمَامَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَلَمَّا كَانُوا بَيْنَ الْعَرْجِ وَالطَّلُوبِ أَتَوْا بِعَيْنٍ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ، فَاسْتَخْبَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ هَوَازِنَ تَجْمَعُ لَهُ فَقَالَ: «حَسْبنَا اللَّهُ وَنِعْمَ الْوَكِيلُ” فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَالِدَ بْنَ الْوَلِيدِ أَنْ يَحْبِسَهُ لِئَلَّا يَذْهَبَ فَيُحَذِّرَ النَّاسَ، وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ قُدَيْدًا لَقِيَتْهُ سُلَيْمٌ هُنَاكَ، فَعَقَدَ الْأَلْوِيَةَ وَالرَّايَاتِ، وَدَفَعَهَا إِلَى الْقَبَائِلِ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ، وَأَبِي الْحُوَيْرِثِ - رَحِمَهُمَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى قُدَيْدٍ قِيلَ لَهُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلْ لَكَ فِي بَيْضِ النِّسَاءِ، وَأُدُمِ الْإِبِلِ ؟ بَنِي مُدْلِجٍ، فَقَالَ: ﷺ: «إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ حَرَّمَهُنَّ عَلَيَّ بِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ”. وَفِي لَفْظٍ «بِبِرِّ الْوَالِدِ، وَوَكَزَهُمْ فِي لَبَّاتِ الْإِبِلِ. [ هِجْرَةُ الْعَبَّاسِ ] وقدم العباس على رسول الله ﷺ مسلما قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: لَقِيَهُ بِالْجُحْفَةِ مُهَاجِرًا بِعِيَالِهِ، وَقَدْ كَانَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ مُقِيمًا بِمَكَّةَ عَلَى سِقَايَتِهِ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْهُ رَاضٍ، فِيمَا ذَكَرَ ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ. وَقَالَ لَهُ: أَنْتَ آخِرُ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ، وَأَنَا آخِرُ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ [ إسْلَامُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ وَعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَدْ لَقِيَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَيْضًا بِنِيقِ الْعُقَابِ، فِيمَا بَيْنَ مَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةِ، فَالْتَمَسَا الدُّخُولَ عَلَيْهِ، فَكَلَّمَتْهُ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ فِيهِمَا، فَقَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ابْنُ عَمِّكَ وَابْنُ عَمَّتِكَ وَصِهْرُكَ، قَالَ: لَا حَاجَةَ لِي بِهِمَا، أَمَا ابْنُ عَمِّي فَهَتَكَ عِرْضِي، وَأَمَّا ابْنُ عَمَّتِي وَصِهْرِي فَهُوَ الَّذِي قَالَ فِيَّ بِمَكَّةَ مَا قَالَ. قَالَ: فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ الْخَبَرُ إلَيْهِمَا بِذَلِكَ، وَمَعَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ بُنَيٌّ لَهُ. فَقَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ لَيَأْذَنَنَّ لِي أَوْ لَآخُذَنَّ بِيَدَيْ بُنَيَّ هَذَا، ثُمَّ لَنَذْهَبَنَّ فِي الْأَرْضِ حَتَّى نَمُوتَ عَطَشًا وَجُوعًا، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَقَّ لَهُمَا، ثُمَّ أَذِنَ لَهُمَا، فَدَخَلَا عَلَيْهِ، فَأَسْلَمَا. وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ عَلِيًّا قَالَ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ: ائْتِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قِبَلِ وَجْهِهِ، فَقُلْ لَهُ مَا قَالَ إِخْوَةُ يُوسُفَ لِيُوسُفَ: تَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ آثَرَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْنَا وَإِنْ كُنَّا لَخَاطِئِينَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرْضَى أَنْ يَكُونَ أَحَدٌ أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ فِعْلًا وَلَا قَوْلًا، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - ﷺ: لَا تَثْرِيبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْيَوْمَ يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَكُمْ وَهُوَ أَرْحَمُ الرَّاحِمِينَ، وَقَرَّبَهُمَا، فَأَسْلَمَا، [ شِعْرُ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ فِي الِاعْتِذَارِ عَمَّا كَانَ فِيهِ قَبْلَ إسْلَامِهِ ] وَأَنْشَدَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ قَوْلَهُ فِي إسْلَامِهِ، وَاعْتَذَرَ إلَيْهِ عَمَّا كَانَ مَضَى مِنْهُ، فَقَالَ: لَعَمْرُكَ إنِّي يَوْمَ أَحْمِلُ رَايَةً لِتَغْلِبَ خَيْلُ اللَّاتِ خَيْلَ مُحَمَّدِ لَكَالْمُدْلِجِ الْحَيْرَانِ أَظْلَمَ لَيْلُهُ فَهَذَا أَوَانِي حِينَ أُهْدَى وَأَهْتَدِي هَدَانِي هَادٍ غَيْرُ نَفْسِي وَنَالَنِي مَعَ اللَّهِ مَنْ طَرَّدْتُ كُلَّ مُطَرَّدِ أَصُدُّ وَأَنْأَى جَاهِدًا عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ وَأُدْعَى ( وَإِنْ لَمْ أَنْتَسِبْ ) مِنْ مُحَمَّدِ هُمْ مَا هُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَقُلْ بِهَوَاهُمْ وَإِنْ كَانَ ذَا رَأْيٍ يُلَمْ وَيُفَنَّدْ أُرِيدُ لِأُرْضِيَهُمْ وَلَسْتُ بِلَائِطٍ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ مَا لَمْ أُهْدَ فِي كُلِّ مَقْعَدِ فَقُلْ لِثَقِيفٍ لَا أُرِيدُ قِتَالَهَا وَقُلْ لِثَقِيفِ تِلْكَ: غَيْرِي أَوْعِدِي فَمَا كُنْتُ فِي الْجَيْشِ الَّذِي نَالَ عَامِرًا وَمَا كَانَ عَنْ جَرَّا لِسَانِي وَلَا يَدِي قَبَائِلَ جَاءَتْ مِنْ بِلَادٍ بَعِيدَةٍ نَزَائِعَ جَاءَتْ مِنْ سِهَامٍ وَسُرْدَدِ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَيُرْوَى وَدَلَّنِي عَلَى الْحَقِّ مَنْ طَرَّدْتُ كُلَّ مُطَرَّدِ . قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَزَعَمُوا أَنَّهُ حِينَ أَنْشَدَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْلَهُ: وَنَالَنِي مَعَ اللَّهِ مَنْ طَرَّدْتُ كُلَّ مُطَرَّدِ ضَرَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صَدْرِهِ، وَقَالَ: أَنْتَ طَرَّدْتَنِي كُلَّ مُطَرَّدٍ وَقِيلَ: إِنَّ أَبَا سُفْيَانَ لَمْ يَرْفَعْ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَيَاءً مِنْهُ. وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُحِبُّهُ، وَشَهِدَ لَهُ بِالْجَنَّةِ وَقَالَ: " أَرْجُو أَنْ يَكُونَ خَلَفًا مِنْ حمزة "، وَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْهُ الْوَفَاةُ، قَالَ: "لَا تَبْكُوا عَلَيَّ، فَوَاللَّهِ مَا نَطَقْتُ بِخَطِيئَةٍ مُنْذُ أَسْلَمْتُ "
Translation
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed from Madinah intending Makkah Muhammad b. ʿUmar—may Allah have mercy on him—said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out on Wednesday after the afternoon prayer, ten nights having passed of Ramadan, and his caller announced: “Whoever wishes to fast, let him fast, and whoever wishes to break his fast, let him break his fast.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasted and did not loosen a knot until he reached al-Ṣalṣal. He set out with the Emigrants, the Helpers, and groups of Arabs; they led the horses and mounted the camels. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ placed ahead of him al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām with two hundred of the Muslims. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached al-Baydāʾ, he said, according to what Muhammad b. ʿUmar related from Abū Saʿīd al-Khudrī: “I see the clouds beginning to send down rain with the victory of the Banū Kaʿb.” When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered al-ʿArj while fasting, he poured water over his head and face on account of thirst—as related by Imām Mālik and Muhammad b. ʿUmar from a man among the Companions. Al-Ḥākim related in al-Iklīl with a sound chain from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, who said: “I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at al-ʿArj pouring water over his head because of the heat while he was fasting.” When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved on from al-ʿArj, and he was between al-ʿArj and al-Ṭalūb, he noticed a bitch growling over her pups, while they were around her suckling her. He commanded Jamīl b. Surāqah ؓ to stand opposite her so that no one from the army would interfere with her or her pups. He ﷺ advanced with one hundred palm fronds that would be in front of the Muslims. When they were between al-ʿArj and al-Ṭalūb, they brought a spy from Hawāzin, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ questioned him. He informed him that Hawāzin were gathering against him. He said: “Sufficient for us is Allah, and excellent is the Trustee.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered Khālid b. al-Walīd to detain him so that he would not go and warn the people. When he reached Qudayd, Sulaym met him there, and he tied the banners and standards and distributed them to the tribes. Muhammad b. ʿUmar related from Yazīd b. Aslam and Abū al-Ḥuwayrith—may Allah have mercy on them both—that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arrived at Qudayd, it was said to him: “O Messenger of Allah, would you have any need for the eggs of women and the fat of camels? The Banū Mudlij.” He ﷺ said: “Allah, mighty and glorious, has forbidden them to me on account of maintaining ties of kinship.” In another wording: “on account of dutifulness to one’s parent,” and he thrust them in the chests of the camels. [ The emigration of al-ʿAbbās ] Al-ʿAbbās came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ as a Muslim. Ibn Hishām said: He met him at al-Juḥfah, emigrating with his dependents. Before that he had been residing in Makkah attending to his water duty, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was pleased with him, as Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī mentioned. He said to him: “You are the last of the emigrants, and I am the last of the prophets.” [ The Islam of Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith and ʿAbd Allāh b. Umayyah ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and ʿAbd Allāh b. Abī Umayyah b. al-Mughīrah had also met the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Nīq al-ʿUqāb, between Makkah and Madinah, and sought to enter upon him. Umm Salamah spoke to him about them, saying: “O Messenger of Allah, your paternal cousin and your maternal aunt’s son and your in-law.” He said: “I have no need of them. As for my paternal cousin, he tore my honor; and as for my maternal aunt’s son and in-law, he is the one who said about me in Makkah what he said.” He said: When the news of that reached them, and with Abū Sufyān was a young son of his, he said: “By Allah, he will either permit me, or I will take this son of mine by the hand and we will go through the land until we die of thirst and hunger.” When that reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he softened toward them and then permitted them. They entered upon him and became Muslims. It is also said that ʿAlī said to Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith: “Come to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ from before his face and say to him what the brothers of Joseph said to Joseph: ‘By Allah, Allah has preferred you over us, and we were indeed sinners.’ For he will not be pleased that anyone should surpass him in deed or in word.” So he did that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: “No reproach upon you today. May Allah forgive you, and He is the most merciful of the merciful.” He drew them near, and they became Muslims. [ Abū Sufyān’s poetry apologizing for what he had been in before his Islam ] Abū Sufyān b. al-Ḥārith recited his poem on the occasion of his Islam, apologizing to him for what had passed from him, saying: By your life, on the day I carry a banner so that the cavalry of al-Lāt may overcome the cavalry of Muhammad, I am like one who travels by night in confusion, whose night has darkened, and this is my shelter when I am guided and become rightly guided. A guide other than my own self guided me, and there came to me with Allah one whom I had driven away most harshly. I used to repel and distance myself, striving against Muhammad, and I am called—even if I do not claim descent—from Muhammad. They are who they are: whoever does not speak according to their desires, even if he is a man of sound opinion, is blamed and declared foolish. I sought to please them, but I am not one who clings to what cannot be attained, so say to Thaqīf: I do not desire to fight them with the people as long as I am not guided in every assembly. And say to that Thaqīf: some other than I—so threaten. For I was not in the army that attacked ʿĀmir, nor did it happen on account of my tongue or my hand. Tribal groups came from distant lands, foreign troops came from Sihām and Surdad. Ibn Hishām said: It is also related: And one whom I had driven away most harshly guided me to the truth. Ibn Isḥāq said: They claimed that when he recited to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ his line: And there came to me with Allah one whom I had driven away most harshly, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ struck him on his chest and said: “You drove me away most harshly.” It is also said that Abū Sufyān did not raise his head to the Prophet ﷺ out of shyness before him. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ loved him and testified that he would enter Paradise, saying: “I hope that he will be a successor to Ḥamzah.” When death approached him, he said: “Do not weep over me, for by Allah I have not uttered a sin since I embraced Islam.”
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