Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1419
The Conquest of Makkah
قُدُومِ عَمْرِو بْنِ سَالِمٍ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُخْبِرُهُ بِمَا وَقَعَ لَهُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمَّا تَظَاهَرَتْ بَنُو بَكْرٍ وَقُرَيْشٌ عَلَى خُزَاعَةَ، وَأَصَابُوا مِنْهُمْ مَا أَصَابُوا، وَنَقَضُوا مَا كَانَ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ الْعَهْدِ وَالْمِيثَاقِ بِمَا اسْتَحَلُّوا مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ، وَكَانَ فِي عَقْدِهِ وَعَهْدِهِ، خَرَجَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ ثُمَّ أَحَدُ بَنِي كَعْبٍ، حَتَّى قَدِمَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا هَاجَ فَتْحَ مَكَّةَ ورَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الْكَبِيرِ وَالصَّغِيرِ عَنْ مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، وَالْبَزَّارُ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ فِي الْمُصَنَّفِ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ سَالِمٍ الْخُزَاعِيَّ خَرَجَ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ رَاكِبًا مِنْ خُزَاعَةَ يَسْتَنْصِرُونَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَيُخْبِرُونَهُ بِالَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ، وَمَا ظَاهَرَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ قُرَيْشٌ وَمُعَاوَنَتُهُمْ لَهُمْ بِالرِّجَالِ، وَالسِّلَاحِ، وَالْكرَاعِ، وَحُضُورُ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَمَنْ حَضَرَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، وَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِالْخَبَرِ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَالِسٌ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِ النَّاسِ، وَرَأَسَ خُزَاعَةَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَالِمٍ، [ شِعْرُ عَمْرٍو الْخُزَاعِيِّ لِلرَّسُولِ يَسْتَنْصِرُهُ وَرَدُّهُ عَلَيْهِ ] فَلِمَا فَرَغُوا مِنْ قِصَّتِهِمْ، قَامَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَالِمٍ فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ إِنِّي نَاشِدٌ مُحَمَّدًا حِلْفَ أَبِينَا وَأَبِيهِ الْأَتْلَدَا قَدْ كُنْتُمْ وَلَدًا وَكُنَّا وَالِدًا ثُمَّتْ أَسْلَمْنَا فَلَمْ نَنْزِعْ يَدًا إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا أَخْلَفُوكَ الْمَوْعِدَا وَنَقَضُوا مِيثَاقَكَ الْمُؤَكَّدَا وَزَعَمُوا أَنْ لَسْتُ أَدْعُو أَحَدًا وَهُمْ أَذَلُّ وَأَقَلُّ عَدَدًا هُمْ بَيَّتُونَا بِالْوَتِيرِ هُجَّدًا وَقَتَّلُونَا رُكَّعًا وَسُجَّدًا وَجَعَلُوا لِي فِي كَدَاءٍ رُصَّدَا فَانْصُرْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَصْرًا أَيَّدَا وَادْعُ عِبَادَ اللَّهِ يَأْتُوا مَدَدًا فِيهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ قَدْ تَجَرَّدَا إِنْ سِيمَ خَسْفًا وَجْهُهُ تَرَبَّدَا فِي فَيْلَقٍ كَالْبَحْرِ يَجْرِي مُزْبِدًا قَرَمٌ لَقَرَمٍ مِنْ قُرُومٍ أَصَيْدَا فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «نُصِرْتَ يَا عَمْرَو بْنَ سَالِمٍ فَمَا بَرِحَ حَتَّى مَرَّتْ عَنَانَةُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فَرَعَدَتْ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «إِنَّ هَذِهِ السَّحَابَةَ لَتَسْتَهِلُّ بِنَصْرِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ. وَرَوَى أَبُو يُعْلَى بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ ؓ قَالَتْ: لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَضِبَ مِمَّا كَانَ مِنْ شَأْنِ بَنِي كَعْبٍ غَضَبًا لَمْ أَرَهُ غَضِبَهُ مُنْذُ زَمَانٍ. وَقَالَ: «لَا نَصَرَنِي اللَّهُ - تَعَالَى - إِنْ لَمْ أَنْصُرْ بَنِي كَعْبٍ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا سَمِعَ مَا أَصَابَ خُزَاعَةَ، قَامَ - وَهُوَ يَجُرُّ رِدَاءَهُ - وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: «لَا نُصِرْتُ إِنْ لَمْ أَنْصُرْ بَنِي كَعْبٍ مِمَّا أَنْصُرُ مِنْهُ نَفْسِي”. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَغَيْرُهُ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا بَلَغَهُ خَبَرُ خُزَاعَةَ قَالَ: «وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَأَمْنَعَنَّهُمْ مِمَّا أَمْنَعُ مِنْهُ نَفْسِي وَأَهْلِي وَبَيْتِي”. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ: وَقَدِمَ بِذَلِكَ وَرْقَاءُ الْخُزَاعِيُّ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِمَا حَصَلَ لَهُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ لِعَمْرِو بْنِ سَالِمٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ: «ارْجَعُوا وَتَفَرَّقُوا فِي الْأَوْدِيَةِ”. فَرَجَعُوا وَتَفَرَّقُوا، وَذَهَبَتْ فِرْقَةٌ إِلَى السَّاحِلِ بِعَارِضِ الطَّرِيقِ، وَلَزِمَ بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ فِي نَفَرٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ الطَّرِيقَ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ مِحْجَنِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَرُمْ بُدَيْلُ بْنُ وَرْقَاءَ مَكَّةَ مِنْ حِينِ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةَ حَتَّى لَقِيَهُ فِي الْفَتْحِ بِمُرِّ الظَّهْرَانِ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَهَذَا أَثْبَتُ. وَأَخْبَرَ عَمْرُو بْنُ سَالِمٍ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ أَنَّ أَنَسَ ابْنَ زنِيمٍ هَجَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأُهْدِرَ دَمُهُ.
Translation
✧ The arrival of ʿAmr b. Sālim to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ informing him of what had befallen them Ibn Isḥāq said: When Banū Bakr and Quraysh joined forces against Khuzāʿah, and inflicted upon them what they inflicted, and broke what was between them and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of the covenant and the pact by what they deemed lawful against Khuzāʿah, who was in his pact and covenant, ʿAmr b. Sālim al-Khuzāʿī, then one of Banū Kaʿb, went out until he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in Madinah. That was among what stirred the conquest of Makkah. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated in al-Kabīr and al-Ṣaghīr from Maymūnah bt. al-Ḥārith, and al-Bazzār with a good chain from Abū Hurayrah ؓ, and Ibn Abī Shaybah in al-Muṣannaf from ʿIkrimah, and al-Bayhaqī from Ibn Isḥāq, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, that ʿAmr b. Sālim al-Khuzāʿī went out with forty riders from Khuzāʿah seeking the help of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informing him of what had befallen them, and how Quraysh had allied against them and aided them with men, weapons, and horses, and the presence of Ṣafwān b. Umayyah and ʿIkrimah, and those of Quraysh who attended. They told him the news while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was sitting in the mosque among the people, and the leader of Khuzāʿah was ʿAmr b. Sālim. [The poem of ʿAmr al-Khuzāʿī to the Messenger seeking his help and his reply to him] When they finished their account, ʿAmr b. Sālim stood and said: O Lord, I beseech Muḥammad the alliance of our father and his father, the ancient You were a son and we were a father Then we submitted and did not withdraw a hand Quraysh broke their promise to you And violated your confirmed covenant They claimed that I call upon no one While they are the most abased and fewest in number They attacked us at al-Watīr while we slept And killed us bowing and prostrating And set watchers for me at Kadāʾ So help, O Messenger of Allah, with a mighty help And summon Allah’s servants to come as reinforcements Among them is the Messenger of Allah, who has stripped for battle If humiliation is imposed, his face darkens In a host like the sea flowing foaming A noble of nobles, a proud chief The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "You are helped, O ʿAmr b. Sālim." He had hardly stayed when a cloud passed from the sky and thundered, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "This cloud is pouring forth with the victory of Banū Kaʿb." Abū Yaʿlā narrated with a good chain from ʿĀʾishah ؓ who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ angered by the affair of Banū Kaʿb with an anger I had not seen from him in a long time. He said: "May Allah – Exalted be He – not help me if I do not help Banū Kaʿb." Muḥammad b. ʿUmar – may Allah have mercy on him – narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ heard what had befallen Khuzāʿah, he stood up dragging his cloak, saying: "May I not be helped if I do not help Banū Kaʿb from what I defend myself." ʿAbd al-Razzāq and others narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ that when news of Khuzāʿah reached the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, he said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, I will defend them from what I defend myself, my family, and my house." Ibn Isḥāq and others said: Warthāʾ al-Khuzāʿī came with that message among a group of his people to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and they informed him of what had happened to them. Ibn ʿUqbah and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to ʿAmr b. Sālim and his companions: "Return and disperse in the valleys." So they returned and dispersed, and a party went to the coast by the side of the road, while Budayl b. Warqāʾ with a group of his people kept to the road. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar narrated from Miḥjan b. Wahb who said: Budayl b. Warqāʾ did not leave Makkah from the time the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned from al-Ḥudaybiyah until he met him at the conquest at Marr al-Ẓahrān. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said: This is more reliable. ʿAmr b. Sālim and those with him also informed that Anas b. Zunaym had satirized the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, so his blood was made lawful.
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