Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1344
The Expedition of Khaybar
ابْتِدَائِهِ ﷺ بِأَهْلِ النَّطَاةِ صَفَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَصْحَابَهُ وَوَعَظَهُمْ وَأَنْهَاهُمْ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ لَهُمْ، فَعَمَدَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَشْجَعَ فَحَمَلَ عَلَى يَهُودِيٍّ وَحَمَلَ عَلَيْهِ الْيَهُودِيُّ فَقَتَلَهُ، فَقَالَ النَّاسُ: اسْتُشْهِدَ فُلَانٌ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَبَعْدَ مَا نَهَيْتُ عَنِ الْقِتَالِ ؟. قَالُوا: نَعَمْ. فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُنَادِيًا فَنَادَى فِي النَّاسِ «لَا تَحِلُّ الْجَنَّةُ لِعَاصٍ». وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ فِي الصَّغِيرِ عَنْ جَابِرٍ ؓ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ يَوْمَئِذٍ: «لَا تَتَمَنَّوْا لِقَاءَ الْعَدُوِّ، وَاسْأَلُوا اللَّهَ تَعَالَى الْعَافِيَةَ، فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ مَا تُبْتَلَوْنَ بِهِ مِنْهُمْ، فَإِذَا لَقِيتُمُوهُمْ فَقُولُوا: اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ رَبُّنَا وَرَبُّهُمْ، وَنَوَاصِينَا وَنَوَاصِيهِمْ بِيَدِكَ، وَإِنَّمَا تَقْتُلُهُمْ أَنْتَ، ثُمَّ الْزَمُوا الْأَرْضَ جُلُوسًا، فَإِذَا غَشُوكُمْ فَانْهَضُوا، وَكَبِّرُوا»، وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَوَعَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ النَّاسَ وَفَرَّقَ الرَّايَاتِ، وَلَمْ تَكُنِ الرَّايَاتُ إِلَّا يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، وَإِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْأَلْوِيَةُ. وَكَانَتْ رَايَةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ سَوْدَاءَ مِنْ بُرْدٍ لِعَائِشَةَ ؓ تُدْعَى الْعِقَابَ، وَلِوَاؤُهُ أَبْيَضَ، دَفَعَهُ إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ وَدَفَعَ رَايَةً إِلَى الْحُبَابِ بْنِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَرَايَةً إِلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ، وَكَانَ شِعَارُهُمْ «يَا مَنْصُورُ أَمِتْ». وَأَذِنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْقِتَالِ، وَحَثَّهُمْ عَلَى الصَّبْرِ، وَأَوَّلُ حِصْنٍ حَاصَرَهُ حِصْنُ نَاعِمٍ بِالنُّونِ، وَالْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، وَقَاتَلَ ﷺ يَوْمَهُ ذَلِكَ أَشَدَّ الْقِتَالِ، وَقَاتَلَهُ أَهْلُ النَّطَاةِ أَشَدَّ الْقِتَالِ، وَتَرَّسَ جَمَاعَةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ، وَعَلَيْهِ - كَمَا قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - دِرْعَانِ وَبَيْضَةٌ وَمِغْفَرٌ، وَهُوَ عَلَى فَرَسٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ الظَّرِبُ، وَفِي يَدِهِ قَنَاةٌ وَتُرْسٌ. وَتَقَدَّمَ فِي حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ: أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ فَيُحْتَمَلُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ فِي الطَّرِيقِ، ثُمَّ رَكِبَ الْفَرَسَ حَالَ الْقِتَالِ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. فَقَالَ الْحُبَابُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ تَحَوَّلْتَ ؟ فَقَالَ: «إِذَا أَمْسَيْنَا - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ - تَحَوَّلْنَا». وَجَعَلَتْ نَبْلُ يَهُودِ تُخَالِطُ الْعَسْكَرَ وَتُجَاوِزُهُ، وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يَلْتَقِطُونَ نَبْلَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَرُدُّونَهَا عَلَيْهِمْ - فَلَمَّا أَمْسَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَحَوَّلَ إِلَى الرَّجِيعِ وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ فَتَحَوَّلُوا، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْدُو بِالْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى رَايَاتِهِمْ حَتَّى فَتَحَ اللَّهُ الْحِصْنَ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَعِنْدَهُ قُتِلَ مَحْمُودُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، أُلْقِيَتْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْهُ رَحًا فَقَتَلَتْهُ
Translation
✧ The Beginning of His ﷺ Campaign against the People of al-Naṭāh The Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew up his companions in ranks, exhorted them, and forbade them from fighting until he gave them permission. A man from Ashjaʿ made for a Jew and attacked him, and the Jew attacked him and killed him. The people said: So-and-so has been martyred. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "After I forbade fighting?" They said: Yes. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded a caller, and he called out among the people: "Paradise is not lawful for a disobedient one." Al-Ṭabarānī narrated in al-Ṣaghīr from Jābir ؓ that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on that day: "Do not wish to meet the enemy, and ask Allah Almighty for well-being, for you do not know what you will be tested with from them. When you meet them, say: O Allah, You are our Lord and their Lord, and our forelocks and their forelocks are in Your hand, and it is only You who kill them. Then keep to the ground sitting, and when they come upon you, rise and say Allāhu akbar." And he mentioned the ḥadīth. Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar, and Ibn Saʿd said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ exhorted the people and distributed the banners. There were no banners (rāyāt) except on the day of Khaybar; before that there were only standards (alwiyah). The banner (rāyah) of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was black, made from a striped cloak (burd) belonging to ʿĀʾishah ؓ, called al-ʿUqāb, and his standard (liwāʾ) was white. He gave it to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ, and he gave a banner to al-Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir and a banner to Saʿd b. ʿUbādah. Their battle cry was "O Victorious One, grant death!" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave permission to fight and urged them to patience. The first fort he besieged was the fort of Nāʿim, with a nūn and an unpointed ʿayn. He ﷺ fought that day with the fiercest fighting, and the people of al-Naṭāh fought him with the fiercest fighting. A group of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ used shields that day. He had—as Muḥammad b. ʿUmar said—two coats of mail, a helmet, and a mail coif, and he was on a horse called al-Ẓarib, and in his hand was a lance and a shield. It was mentioned earlier in the ḥadīth of Anas that he was on a donkey; it is possible that he was on it on the road, then he mounted the horse at the time of fighting. And Allah knows best. Al-Ḥubāb said: O Messenger of Allah, would you move? He said: "When evening comes—if Allah wills—we shall move." The arrows of the Jews began to fall among the army and pass beyond it, and the Muslims would pick up their arrows and then return them to them. When evening came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved to al-Rajīʿ and ordered the people to move, so they moved. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ would go out with the Muslims under their banners until Allah granted them victory over the fort. Near it, Maḥmūd b. Maslamah was killed; a millstone was thrown on him from it and killed him.
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