Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1343
The Expedition of Khaybar
وَصُولِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ [ وفِرَارُ أَهلها لَمَّا رَأَوْا الرَّسُولَ ] قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: ثُمَّ سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى الْمَنْزَلَةِ، وَهِيَ سُوقٌ لِخَيْبَرَ، صَارَتْ فِي سَهْمِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ؓ فَعَرَّسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِهَا سَاعَةً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ، وَكَانَتْ يَهُودُ لَا يَظُنُّونَ قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْزُوهُمْ لِمَنَعَتِهِمْ وَسِلَاحِهِمْ وَعَدَدِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا أَحَسُّوا بِخُرُوجِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ قَامُوا يُخْرِجُونَ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ مُقَاتِلٍ صُفُوفًا، ثُمَّ يَقُولُونَ: مُحَمَّدٌ يَغُزُّونَا هَيْهَاتَ هَيْهَاتَ!! وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ شَأْنَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ لَمْ يَتَحَرَّكُوا تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ وَلَمْ يَصِحْ لَهُمْ دِيكٌ حَتَّى طَلَعَتِ الشَّمْسُ، فَأَصْبَحُوا وَأَفْئِدَتُهُمْ تَخْفِقُ وَفَتَحُوا حُصُونَهُمْ غَادِينَ مَعَهُمُ الْمَسَاحِيَّ، وَالْكَرَازِينَ وَالْمَكَاتِلَ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلَّوْا هَارِبِينَ إِلَى حُصُونِهِمْ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ الشَّافِعِيُّ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ، وَالشَّيْخَانِ مَنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: سَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، فَانْتَهَى إِلَيْهَا لَيْلًا، وَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِذَا طَرَقَ قَوْمًا بِلَيْلٍ لَمْ يُغِرْ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، فَإِذَا سَمِعَ أَذَانًا أَمْسَكَ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْ أَذَانًا أَغَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، فَصَلَّيْنَا الصُّبْحَ عِنْدَ خَيْبَرَ بِغَلَسٍ، فَلَمْ نَسْمَعْ أَذَانًا، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَكِبَ مَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَأَنَا رَدِيفُ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، فَأَجْرَى نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَانْحَسَرَ عَنْ فَخِذِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَإِنِّي لَأَرَى بَيَاضَ فَخِذِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَإِنَّ قَدَمِي لَتَمَسُّ قَدَمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَخَرَجَ أَهْلُ الْقَرْيَةِ إِلَى مَزَارِعِهِمْ بِمَكَاتِلِهِمْ وَمَسَاحِيِّهِمْ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالُوا: مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ. فَأَدْبَرُوا هَرَبًا. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ، إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ». وَفيه: جَوَازُ التَّفَاؤُلِ ، بَلِ اسْتِحْبَابُهُ بِمَا يَرَاهُ أَوْ يَسْمَعُهُ مِمَّا هُوَ مِنْ أَسْبَابِ ظُهُورِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَإِعْلَامِهِ، كَمَا تَفَاءَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِرُؤْيَةِ الْمَسَاحِي وَالْفُؤُوسِ وَالْمَكَاتِلِ مَعَ أَهْلِ خَيْبَرَ، فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ فَأْلٌ فِي خَرَابِهَا. قَالَ: فَأَصَبْنَا مِنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ، فَنَادَى مُنَادِي النَّبِيِّ ﷺ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ يَنْهَيَانِكُمْ عَنْ لُحُومِ الْحُمُرِ؛ فَإِنَّهَا رِجْسٌ وَرَوَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ وَابْنُ مَاجَةَ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ، بِسَنَدٍ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ ؓ قَالَ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ عَلَى حِمَارٍ مَخْطُومٍ بِرَسَنٍ مِنْ لِيفِ، وَتَحْتَهُ إِكَافٌ مِنْ لِيفٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ: الَّذِي ثَبَتَ فِي الصَّحِيحِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَرَى فِي زُقَاقِ خَيْبَرَ حَتَّى انْحَسَرَ الْإِزَارُ عَنْ فَخِذِهِ فَالظَّاهِرُ أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَلَى فَرَسٍ لَا عَلَى حِمَارٍ، قَالَ: وَلَعَلَّ هَذَا الْحَدِيثَ - إِنْ كَانَ صَحِيحًا - مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى أَنَّهُ رَكِبَهُ فِي بَعْضِ الْأَيَّامِ، وَهُوَ مُحَاصِرُهَا. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ - رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ - وَجَاءَ الْحُبَابُ - بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ، وَمُوَحَّدَتَيْنِ ابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ ؓ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّكَ نَزَلْتَ مَنْزِلَكَ هَذَا، فَإِنْ كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرٍ أُمِرْتَ بِهِ فَلَا نَتَكَلَّمُ، وَإِنْ كَانَ الرَّأْيَ تَكَلَّمْنَا. فَقَالَ ﷺ «هُوَ الرَّأْيُ» فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. دَنَوْتَ مِنَ الْحُصُونِ، وَنَزَلْتَ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَيِ النَّخْلِ، وَالنَّزُّ مَعَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ النَّطَاةِ لِي بِهِمْ مَعْرِفَةٌ، لَيْسَ قَوْمٌ أَبْعَدَ مَدَى سَهْمٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَلَا أَعْدَلَ رَمْيَةً مِنْهُمْ، وَهُمْ مُرْتَفِعُونَ عَلَيْنَا، يَنَالُنَا نَبْلُهُمْ، وَلَا نَأْمَنُ مِنْ بَيَاتِهِمْ، يَدْخُلُونَ فِي خَمْرِ النَّخْلِ فَتَحَوَّلْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى مَوْضِعٍ بَرِيءٍ مِنَ النَّزِّ وَمِنَ الْوَبَاءِ نَجْعَلُ الْحَرَّةَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَهُمْ حَتَّى لَا تَنَالَنَا نِبَالُهُمْ وَنَأْمَنَ مِنْ بَيَاتِهِمْ وَنَرْتَفِعَ مِنَ النَّزِّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «أَشَرْتَ بِالرَّأْيِ، وَلَكِنْ نُقَاتِلُهُمْ هَذَا الْيَوْمَ». وَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ ؓ فَقَالَ: انْظُرْ لَنَا مَنْزِلًا بَعِيدًا مِنْ حُصُونِهِمْ بَرِيئًا مِنَ الْوَبَاءِ، نَأْمَنُ فِيهِ مِنْ بَيَاتِهِمْ، فَطَافَ مُحَمَّدٌ حَتَّى أَتَى الرَّجِيعُ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَجَدْتُ لَكَ مَنْزِلًا، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «عَلَى بَرَكَةِ اللَّهِ».
Translation
✧ THE ARRIVAL OF THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH ﷺ AT KHAYBAR [And the flight of its people when they saw the Messenger] Muhammad b. ʿUmar said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched until he reached the stopping place, which was a market of Khaybar; it became part of the share of Zayd b. Thābit ؓ. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ halted there for a while during the night. Before that, the Jews did not think that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would raid them because of their fortifications, weapons, and numbers. When they sensed the departure of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ toward them, they began bringing out ten thousand fighters in rows every day, then saying, “Muhammad will raid us? Far fetched, far fetched!!” That was their custom. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ encamped in their courtyard, they did not move that night, and not a single rooster crowed for them until the sun rose. They awoke with their hearts trembling and opened their fortresses, going out in the morning with their shovels, mattocks, and baskets. When they saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, they turned fleeing to their fortresses. Al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī, Ibn Isḥāq, and the two Shaykhs narrated through various chains from Anas ؓ that he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ marched to Khaybar and reached it at night. Whenever the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came upon a people by night, he would not attack them until morning; if he heard the call to prayer, he held back, and if he did not hear it, he attacked them until morning. We prayed the dawn prayer near Khaybar in the darkness before dawn, and we did not hear the call to prayer. When morning came, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mounted, and the Muslims mounted with him, and I was riding behind Abū Ṭalḥa. The Prophet of Allah ﷺ made his mount gallop, and the garment slipped from the thigh of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and I could see the whiteness of the thigh of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and my foot was touching the foot of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. The people of the village went out to their fields with their baskets and shovels. When they saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, they said, “Muhammad and the army!” and turned fleeing in haste. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, raising his hands: “Allah is greatest! Khaybar is ruined! When we descend upon the courtyard of a people, evil is the morning of those who were warned.” In this there is: the permissibility of taking good omens, indeed its recommendation, from what one sees or hears of the means of Islam's victory and its banners, just as the Prophet ﷺ took a good omen from seeing the shovels, axes, and baskets with the people of Khaybar, for that was an omen of its ruin. He said: We obtained some meat of donkeys, and the caller of the Prophet ﷺ announced: “Allah and His Messenger forbid you the meat of donkeys, for it is impure.” Al-Tirmidhī, Ibn Mājah, and al-Bayhaqī narrated with a weak chain from Anas ؓ that he said: On the day of Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was on a donkey bridled with a rope of palm fiber, and beneath him was a packsaddle of palm fiber. Ibn Kathīr said: What is established in the authentic collection is that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ galloped in the lane of Khaybar until the waist-wrapper slipped from his thigh; so it appears that on that day he was on a horse, not a donkey. He said: Perhaps this hadith, if it is authentic, is to be understood as that he rode it on one of the days while besieging it. Muhammad b. ʿUmar, may Allah have mercy on him, said: Al-Ḥubāb—with a ḍammah on the unpointed ḥāʾ and two bāʾs—b. al-Mundhir ؓ came and said: “O Messenger of Allah, you have encamped in this place of yours. If it is a matter you were commanded, we will not speak; and if it is an opinion, we will speak.” He ﷺ said, “It is an opinion.” He said: “O Messenger of Allah, you have drawn near the fortresses and encamped among the palm trees, and there is seepage water, and I know the people of al-Naṭāh well. There is no people farther in arrow range than them, nor more accurate in shooting, and they are elevated above us; their arrows reach us, and we are not safe from their night attack, as they enter the thickets of palm trees. So move, O Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to a place free of seepage and disease; we will place the lava field between us and them so that their arrows do not reach us, we are safe from their night attack, and we are elevated above the seepage.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “You have advised with sound opinion, but we will fight them this day.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called Muhammad b. Maslama ؓ and said: “Find for us a place far from their fortresses, free of disease, where we are safe from their night attack.” Muhammad went around until he came to al-Rajīʿ, then returned to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: “O Messenger of Allah, I have found a place for you.” The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Upon the blessing of Allah.”
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