Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1277
The Expedition of Banu Lihyan
وَفِي هَذِهِ الْغَزَاةِ جَازَ عَلَى قَبْرِ أُمِّهِ ﷺ: عَنِ ابْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كُنْتُ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِذْ وَقَفَ عَلَى عَسَفَانَ، فَنَظَرَ يَمِينًا وَشِمَالًا، فَأَبْصَرَ قَبْرَ أُمِّهِ آمِنَةَ، فَوَرَدَ الْمَاءَ، فَتَوَضَّأَ ثُمَّ صَلَّى رَكْعَتَيْنِ، فَلَمْ يُفَاجِئْنَا إِلَّا بِبُكَائِهِ، فَبَكَيْنَا لِبُكَاءِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ [ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ إِلَيْنَا فَقَالَ: "مَا الَّذِي أَبْكَاكُمْ؟" قَالُوا: بَكَيْتَ فَبَكَيْنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ] وَقَالَ: "وَمَا ظَنَنْتُمْ؟" قَالُوا: ظَنَنَّا أَنَّ الْعَذَابَ نَازِلٌ عَلَيْنَا، قَالَ: "لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ"، قَالُوا: فَظَنَنَّا أَنَّ أُمَّتَكَ كُلِّفُوا مِنَ الْأَعْمَالِ مَا لَا يُطِيقُونَ، قَالَ: "لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ، وَلَكِنِّي مَرَرْتُ بِقَبْرِ أُمِّي، فَصَلَّيْتُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ اسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي أَنْ أَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهَا، فَنُهِيتُ فَبَكَيْتُ ثُمَّ عُدْتُ، فَصَلَّيْتُ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَاسْتَأْذَنْتُ رَبِّي أَنْ أَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهَا، فَزُجِرْتُ زَجْرًا، فَعَلَا بُكَائِي" ثُمَّ دُعِيَ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ فَرَكِبَهَا، فَمَا سَارَتْ إِلَّا هَيْنَةً حَتَّى قَامَتِ النَّاقَةُ بِثِقَلِ الْوَحْيِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَتَيْنِ، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: أُشْهِدُكُمْ أَنِّي بَرِيءٌ مِنْ آمِنَةَ كَمَا تَبَرَّأَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ.
Translation
✧ And in this expedition, he passed by the grave of his mother ﷺ: On the authority of Ibn Buraydah, from his father, who said: I was with the Prophet ﷺ when he halted at ʿUsfān, and he looked right and left, and he saw the grave of his mother Āminah. He went to the water, performed ablution, then prayed two rakʿahs, and we were taken by surprise only by his weeping, so we wept because of the weeping of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. [Then he turned to us and said: "What made you weep?" They said: You wept, so we wept, O Messenger of Allah.] And he said: "And what did you suppose?" They said: We supposed that punishment was descending upon us. He said: "None of that was the case." They said: Then we supposed that your community had been charged with deeds they could not bear. He said: "None of that was the case. But I passed by the grave of my mother, and I prayed two rakʿahs, then I asked my Lord's permission to seek forgiveness for her, and I was forbidden, so I wept. Then I returned and prayed two rakʿahs, and I asked my Lord's permission to seek forgiveness for her, and I was rebuked with a sharp rebuke, and my weeping increased." Then his mount was summoned, and he mounted it, and it had not traveled but a little while before the she-camel stood still under the weight of the revelation, and Allah, exalted is He, sent down: "It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to seek forgiveness for the polytheists" to the end of the two verses. Then the Prophet ﷺ said: I call you to witness that I am free of Āminah, just as Ibrāhīm disowned his father.
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