Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1276
The Expedition of Banu Lihyan
عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ قَالَ: كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَنَا الْمُشْرِكُونَ، عَلَيْهِمْ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ وَهُمْ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ الْقِبْلَةِ، فَصَلَّى بِنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الظَّهْرَ، فَقَالُوا: قَدْ كَانُوا عَلَى حَالٍ لَوْ أَصَبْنَا غِرَّتَهُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالُوا: تَأْتِي عَلَيْهِمُ الْآنَ صَلَاةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ. قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَاتِ بَيْنَ الظَّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ: وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ [ النِّسَاءِ: 102 ] قَالَ: فَحَضَرَتْ، فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخَذُوا السِّلَاحَ، فَصَفَفْنَا خَلْفَهُ صَفَّيْنِ، ثُمَّ رَكَعَ، فَرَكَعْنَا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفَعْنَا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ بِالصَّفِّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ، وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا سَجَدُوا وَقَامُوا جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ فَسَجَدُوا فِي مَكَانِهِمْ، ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ، وَجَاءَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ رَكَعَ فَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ رَفَعَ فَرَفَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ، فَلَمَّا جَلَسُوا جَلَسَ الْآخَرُونَ، فَسَجَدُوا ; ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ. قَالَ: فَصَلَّاهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَرَّتَيْنِ ; مَرَّةً بِعُسْفَانَ وَمَرَّةً بِأَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ. وعَنْ أَبِي الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمًا مِنَ جُهَيْنَةَ، فَقَاتَلُوا قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَمَّا أَنْ صَلَّى الظَّهْرَ قَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: لَوْ مِلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَيْلَةً لَاقْتَطَعْنَاهُمْ. فَأَخْبَرَ جِبْرِيلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِذَلِكَ، وَذَكَرَ لَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: وَقَالُوا: إِنَّهُ سَتَأْتِيهِمْ صَلَاةٌ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنَ الْأَوْلَادِ فَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ كَنَحْوِ مَا تَقَدَّمَ. وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: صَلَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظَّهْرَ بِنَخْلٍ، فَهَمَّ بِهِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، ثُمَّ قَالُوا: دَعُوهُمْ ; فَإِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةِ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ. قَالَ: فَنَزَلَ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ، فَصَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ الْعَصْرَ، فَصَفَّهُمْ صَفَّيْنِ ; رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ، وَالْعَدُوُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَكَبَّرَ وَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا، وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ. ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَتَأَخَّرَ هَؤُلَاءِ، فَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا، وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا، ثُمَّ سَجَدَ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَهُ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامٌ، فَلَمَّا رَفَعُوا رُءُوسَهُمْ سَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ. وَعَنْ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَزَلَ بَيْنَ ضَجَنَانَ وَعُسْفَانَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ: إِنَّ لِهَؤُلَاءِ صَلَاةً هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَبْنَائِهِمْ - وَهِيَ الْعَصْرُ - فَاجْمَعُوا أَمْرَكُمْ، فَمِيلُوا عَلَيْهِمْ مَيْلَةً وَاحِدَةً. وَإِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَأَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَقْسِمَ أَصْحَابَهُ شَطْرَيْنِ، فَيُصَلِّي بِبَعْضِهِمْ، وَتَقُومُ الطَّائِفَةُ الْأُخْرَى وَرَاءَهُمْ وَلِيَأْخُذُوا حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ، ثُمَّ تَأْتِي الْأُخْرَى فَيُصَلُّونَ مَعَهُ، وَيَأْخُذُ هَؤُلَاءِ حِذْرَهُمْ وَأَسْلِحَتَهُمْ ; لِيَكُونَ لَهُمْ رَكْعَةٌ رَكْعَةٌ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ رَكْعَتَانِ. أَوَّلُ صَلَاةِ خَوْفٍ صَلَّاهَا ﷺ بَقِيَ الشَّأْنُ فِي أَنَّ غَزْوَةَ عُسْفَانَ قَبْلَ الْخَنْدَقِ أَوْ بَعْدَهَا، فَإِنَّ مِنَ الْعُلَمَاءِ - مِنْهُمُ الشَّافِعِيُّ - مَنْ يَزْعُمُ أَنَّ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ إِنَّمَا شُرِعَتْ بَعْدَ يَوْمِ الْخَنْدَقِ ; فَإِنَّهُمْ أَخَّرُوا الصَّلَاةَ يَوْمَئِذٍ عَنْ مِيقَاتِهَا لِعُذْرِ الْقِتَالِ، وَلَوْ كَانَتْ صَلَاةُ الْخَوْفِ مَشْرُوعَةً إِذْ ذَاكَ، لَفَعَلُوهَا وَلَمْ يُؤَخِّرُوهَا، وَلِهَذَا قَالَ بَعْضُ أَهْلِ الْمَغَازِي: إِنَّ غَزْوَةَ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ الَّتِي صَلَّى فِيهَا صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ بُعُسْفَانَ كَانَتْ بَعْدَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ بِإِسْنَادِهِ، عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ: لَمَّا خَرَجَ رسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ لَقِيَتْهُ بِعُسْفَانَ فَوَقَفْتُ بِإِزَائِهِ وَتَعَرَّضْتُ لَهُ، فَصَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظَّهْرَ أَمَامَنَا فَهَمَمْنَا أَنْ نُغِيرَ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ لَمْ يُعْزَمْ لَنَا، فَأَطْلَعَهُ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَا فِي أَنْفُسِنَا مِنَ الْهَمِّ بِهِ، فَصَلَّى بِأَصْحَابِهِ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ صَلَاةَ الْخَوْفِ. وَفِي سِيَاقِ حَدِيثِ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيِّ مَا يَقْتَضِي أَنَّ آيَةَ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ نَزَلَتْ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ يَوْمَ عُسْفَانَ فَاقْتَضَى ذَلِكَ أَنَّهَا أَوَّلُ صَلَاةِ خَوْفٍ صَلَّاهَا. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ On the authority of Abū ʿAyyāsh who said: We were with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at ʿUsfān, and the polytheists confronted us, led by Khālid b. al-Walīd, and they were between us and the qiblah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ led us in the noon prayer (al-ẓuhr). They said: "They were in a state such that had we caught them unawares..." Then they said: "A prayer will now come upon them that is dearer to them than their sons and their own selves." He said: Then Gabriel descended with these verses between the noon and afternoon prayers: "And when you are among them and lead them in prayer..." [Qur'an 4:102]. He said: Then it was time, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered them, so they took up their weapons. We formed two rows behind him. Then he bowed, and we all bowed together. Then he raised his head, and we all raised our heads together. Then he prostrated with the row nearest to him, while the others remained standing guarding them. When they had prostrated and stood up, the others sat down and prostrated in their place. Then these advanced to the position of those, and those came to the position of these. He said: Then he bowed, and they all bowed together. Then he raised his head, and they all raised their heads together. Then the Prophet ﷺ prostrated with the row nearest to him, while the others remained standing guarding them. When they sat down, the others sat down and prostrated. Then he pronounced the salutation upon them, and then he departed. He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ performed it twice: once at ʿUsfān and once in the land of Banū Sulaym. And on the authority of Abū al-Zubayr, from Jābir who said: We raided with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ a people of Juhaynah, and they fought a fierce fight. When he had prayed the noon prayer, the polytheists said: "If we were to fall upon them in one assault, we would cut them off." Gabriel informed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ of that, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ mentioned it to us. He said: And they said: "A prayer will soon come upon them that is dearer to them than their children." Then he mentioned the ḥadīth in a manner similar to what has preceded. And on the authority of Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ prayed the noon prayer with his companions at Nakhl, and the polytheists were concerned about him. Then they said: "Leave them, for they have a prayer after this prayer that is dearer to them than their children." He said: Then Gabriel descended upon the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and informed him. So he prayed the afternoon prayer with his companions, and he arranged them in two rows, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in front of them, and the enemy in front of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. He said the takbīr, and they all said the takbīr together, and they all bowed together. Then those nearest to him prostrated while the others remained standing. When they raised their heads, the others prostrated. Then these advanced and those fell back, and they all said the takbīr together, and they all bowed together. Then those nearest to him prostrated while the others remained standing. When they raised their heads, the others prostrated. And on the authority of Abū Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ halted between Ḍajnān and ʿUsfān. The polytheists said: "These people have a prayer that is dearer to them than their fathers and their sons—and it is the afternoon prayer—so gather your forces and fall upon them in one assault." And Gabriel came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and commanded him to divide his companions into two groups, and to pray with one group while the other group stood behind them, and to take their precaution and their weapons. Then the other group would come and pray with him, while these took their precaution and their weapons, so that they would have one rakʿah each with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would have two rakʿahs. The first prayer of fear that he ﷺ prayed The matter remains as to whether the expedition of ʿUsfān was before the Trench or after it. Among the scholars—among them al-Shāfiʿī—there are those who claim that the prayer of fear was only legislated after the day of the Trench, for on that day they delayed the prayer beyond its time due to the excuse of fighting. Had the prayer of fear been legislated then, they would have performed it and not delayed it. For this reason, some of the writers of military campaigns said that the expedition of Banū Liḥyān, in which he prayed the prayer of fear at ʿUsfān, was after Banū Qurayẓah. Al-Wāqidī mentioned with his chain of transmission, on the authority of Khālid b. al-Walīd who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ set out for al-Ḥudaybiyah, I met him at ʿUsfān. I stood opposite him and confronted him. He prayed the noon prayer with his companions in front of us, and we resolved to attack him, but it was not decreed for us. Then Allah informed him of what was in our minds of concern about him, and he prayed the afternoon prayer with his companions as the prayer of fear. And in the context of the ḥadīth of Abū ʿAyyāsh al-Zuraqī, there is an indication that the verse of the prayer of fear was revealed during this expedition on the day of ʿUsfān, which implies that it was the first prayer of fear that he prayed. And Allah knows best.
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