Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1270
The Expedition of Banu Lihyan
غَزْوَةُ بَنِي لِحْيَانِ وَقَعَتْ غَزْوَةٌ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ فِي سَنَةِ سِتٍّ، وَقِيلَ: غَيْرُهَا وَكَانَ سَبَبُهَا حُزْنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَ عَاصِمَ بْنَ ثَابِتٍ وَخُبَيْبَ بْنَ عَدِيٍّ وَأَصْحَابَهُمَا الْمَقْتُولِينَ بِالرَّجِيعِ. فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي مِائَتَيْ رَجُلٍ يُرِيدُ الْقَوْمَ، وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ابْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، حَتَّى قَدْ عَلَى مَوْضِعَ مُصَابِ أَصْحَابِهِ فَتَرَحَّمَ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَسَمِعَتْ بِهِ بَنُو لِحْيَانَ فَهَرَبُوا فِي رُؤُوسِ الْجِبَالِ، فَمَكَثَ يَوْمًا أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ، ثُمَّ هَبَطَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ ﷺ إِلَى عُسْفَانَ لِتَسْمَعَ بِهِمْ قُرَيْشٌ فَيَذْعَرْهُمْ، ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا وَلَمْ يَلْقَوْا أَحَدًا، وَقَفَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالْجَيْشِ. وَقَالَ جَابِرٌ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ حِينَ رَجَعَ: «آيِبُونَ تَائِبُونَ - إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى - لِرَبِّنَا حَامِدُونَ» وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ «لِرَبِّنَا عَابِدُونَ، أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ السَّفَرِ، وَكَآبَةِ الْمُنْقَلَبِ، وَسُوءِ الْمَنْظَرِ فِي الْأَهْلِ وَالْمَالِ». زَادَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ: «اللَّهُمَّ بَلِّغْنَا بَلَاغًا صَالِحًا يَبْلُغُ إِلَى خَيْرِ مَغْفِرَتِكَ وَرِضْوَانِكَ» قَالُوا: وَهَذَا أَوَّلُ مَا قَالَ هَذَا الدُّعَاءَ. وَاخْتَلَفَ الْعُلَمَاءُ فِي نُزُولِ آيَةِ صَلَاةِ الْخَوْفِ فِي هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ أَوْ فِي غَيْرِهَا، وَفِي هَذِهِ الْغَزْوَةِ جَازَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِقَبْرِ أُمِّهِ، وَسَأَلَ اللَّهَ أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرَ لَهَا فَلَمْ يُؤْذَنْ لَهُ فَبَكَى ﷺ بُكَاءً شَدِيدًا. وَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: مَا كَانَ لِلنَّبِيِّ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ يَسْتَغْفِرُوا لِلْمُشْرِكِينَ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَتَيْنِ.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of Banū Liḥyān It occurred in the year six, and it is said: otherwise. Its cause was the Prophet’s ﷺ grief over what befell ʿĀṣim b. Thābit, Khubayb b. ʿAdī, and their companions who were killed at al-Rajīʿ. The Prophet ﷺ set out with two hundred men seeking the tribe. He appointed Ibn Umm Maktūm over Madinah. He proceeded until he stood at the place where his companions had been struck down, and he invoked mercy upon them. When Banū Liḥyān heard of him, they fled into the mountain tops. He stayed a day or two, then he descended with his companions ﷺ to ʿUsfān so that Quraysh would hear of them and be terrified. Then they returned without encountering anyone, and the Prophet ﷺ led the army back. Jābir said, in what Ibn Saʿd narrated: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say when he returned: “Returning, repentant—if Allah, exalted is He, wills—praising our Lord.” In another narration: “Worshipping our Lord. I seek refuge in Allah from the hardship of travel, the gloom of the return, and the evil appearance in family and property.” Muḥammad b. ʿUmar added: “O Allah, grant us a good return that reaches the good of Your forgiveness and Your good pleasure.” They said: This is the first time he said this supplication. The scholars differed regarding the revelation of the verse of the prayer of fear—whether it was in this expedition or in another. During this expedition, the Prophet ﷺ passed by the grave of his mother and asked Allah that he might seek forgiveness for her, but he was not permitted, so he wept ﷺ with intense weeping. And Allah, mighty and majestic is He, revealed: “It is not for the Prophet and those who believe to seek forgiveness for the polytheists” to the end of the two verses.
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