Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1250
The Expedition of Banu Qurayzah in the Year Five
[ مَقْتَلُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ اسْتَنْزَلُوا، فَحَبَسَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فِي دَارِ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، امْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ?َلَّمَ - إلَى سُوقِ الْمَدِينَةِ، الَّتِي هِيَ سُوقُهَا الْيَوْمَ، فَخَنْدَقَ بِهَا خَنَادِقَ، ثُمَّ بَعَثَ إلَيْهِمْ، فَضَرَبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فِي تِلْكَ الْخَنَادِقِ، يُخْرَجُ بِهِمْ إلَيْهِ أَرْسَالًا، وَفِيهِمْ عَدُوُّ اللَّهِ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَكَعْبُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ، رَأْسُ الْقَوْمِ، وَهُمْ سِتُّ مِئَةٍ أَوْ سَبْعُ مِئَةٍ، وَالْمُكْثِرُ لَهُمْ يَقُولُ: كَانُوا بَيْنَ الثَّمَانِ مِئَةٍ وَالتِّسْعِ مِئَةٍ. وَقَدْ قَالُوا لِكَعْبِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ، وَهُمْ يُذْهَبُ بِهِمْ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْسَالًا: يَا كَعْبُ، مَا تَرَاهُ يُصْنَعُ بِنَا ؟ قَالَ: أَفِي كُلِّ مَوْطِنٍ لَا تَعْقِلُونَ ؟ أَلَا تَرَوْنَ الدَّاعِيَ لَا يَنْزِعُ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ ذُهِبَ بِهِ مِنْكُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُ ؟ هُوَ وَاَللَّهِ الْقَتْلُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ ذَلِكَ الدَّأْبُ حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ سبي ذراريهم فَلَمَّا حَكَمَ سَعْدٌ، بِمَا حَكَمَ، وَانْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ الْخَمِيسِ لِتِسْعِ لَيَالٍ كَمَا ذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ، وَجَزَمَ بِهِ الدِّمْيَاطِيُّ، وَقِيلَ لِخَمْسٍ - كَمَا جُزِمَ بِهِ فِي الْإِشَارَةِ - خَلَوْنَ مِنْ ذِي الْحِجَّةِ، وَأُمِرَ بِهِمْ فَأُدْخِلُوا الْمَدِينَةَ، وَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالسَّبْيِ فَسِيقُوا إِلَى دَارِ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، وَالنِّسَاءِ وَالذُّرِّيَّةِ إِلَى دَارِ رَمْلَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ، وَيُقَالُ حُبِسُوا جَمِيعًا فِي دَارِ رَمْلَةَ، وَأَمَرَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِأَحْمَالِ تَمْرٍ فَنُثِرَتْ لَهُمْ، فَبَاتُوا يَكْدِمُونَهَا كَدْمَ الْحُمُرِ، وَأَمَرَ بِالسِّلَاحِ وَالْأَثَاثِ وَالْمَتَاعِ وَالثِّيَابِ فَحُمِلَ إِلَى دَارِ ابْنَةِ الْحَارِثِ وَبِالْإِبِلِ وَالْغَنَمِ تَرْعَى هُنَاكَ فِي الشَّجَرِ، فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ غَدَا إِلَى السُّوقِ، فَأَمَرَ بِأُخْدُودٍ فَخُدَّتْ فِي السُّوقِ مَا بَيْنَ مَوْضِعِ دَارِ أَبِي الْجَهْمِ الْعَدَوِيِّ إِلَى أَحْجَارِ الزَّيْتِ، فَكَانَ أَصْحَابُهُ هُنَاكَ يَحْفِرُونَ، وَجَلَسَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَعَهُ عِلْيَةُ أَصْحَابِهِ وَدَعَا بِرِجَالِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَكَانُوا يَخْرُجُونَ أَرْسَالًا، تَضْرِبُ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ فِي تِلْكَ الْخَنَادِقِ، فَقَالُوا لِكَعْبِ بْنِ أَسَدٍ - وَهُمْ يُذْهَبُ بِهِمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَرْسَالًا: يَا كَعْبُ، مَا تَرَى مُحَمَّدًا يَصْنَعُ بِنَا ؟ قَالَ: مَا يَسُوءُكُمْ، وَيْلَكُمْ! عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ لَا تَعْقِلُونَ!! أَلَا تَرَوْنَ الدَّاعِيَ لَا يَنْزِعُ، وَأَنَّهُ مَنْ ذَهَبَ مِنْكُمْ لَا يَرْجِعُ ؟ هُوَ وَاللَّهِ السَّيْفُ، قَدْ دَعَوْتُكُمْ إِلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا فَأَبَيْتُمْ عَلَيَّ قَالُوا: لَيْسَ هَذَا بِحِينِ عِتَابٍ، لَوْلَا أَنَّا كَرِهْنَا أَنْ نَزْرَى بِرَأْيِكَ مَا دَخَلْنَا فِي نَقْضِ الْعَهْدِ الَّذِي كَانَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ: اتْرُكُوا مَا تَرَوْنَ مِنَ التَّلَاوُمِ، فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَرُدُّ عَنْكُمْ شَيْئًا، وَاصْبِرُوا لِلسَّيْفِ. الَّذِينَ يَلُونَ قَتْلَهُمْ عَلَيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ وَكَانَ الَّذِينَ يَلُونَ قَتْلَهُمْ عَلَيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَالزُّبَيْرَ بْنَ الْعَوَّامِ. الْأَوْسَ كَرِهَتْ قَتْلَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ لِمَكَانِ حِلْفِهِمْ وَجَاءَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ وَالْحُبَابُ بْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، فَقَالَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ الْأَوْسَ قَدْ كَرِهَتْ قَتْلَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ لِمَكَانِ حِلْفِهِمْ، فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ: مَا كَرِهَهُ مِنَ الْأَوْسِ أَحَدٌ فِيهِ خَيْرٌ، فَمَنْ كَرِهَهُ فَلَا أَرْضَاهُ اللَّهُ. فَقَامَ أُسَيْدُ بْنُ الْحُضَيْرِ ؓ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: لَا تُبْقِيَنَّ دَارًا مِنْ دَوْرِ الْأَوْسِ إِلَّا فَرَّقْتَهُمْ فِيهَا، فَمَنْ سَخِطَ فَلَا يُرْغِمُ اللَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْفَهُ، فَابْعَثْ إِلَى دَارِي أَوَّلَ دُورِهِمْ، فَفَرَّقَهُمْ فِي دُورِ الْأَوْسِ فَقَتَلُوهُمْ.
Translation
✧ [The Killing of Banu Qurayzah] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then they came down, and the Messenger of God ﷺ detained them in Madinah in the house of Bint al-Ḥārith, a woman of Banū al-Najjār. Then the Messenger of God ﷺ went out to the market of Madinah, which is its market today, and had trenches dug there. Then he sent for them and struck their necks in those trenches. They were brought out to him in groups, among them the enemy of God Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab and Kaʿb b. Asad, the chief of the people. They numbered six hundred or seven hundred, and the one who gives the higher figure says they were between eight hundred and nine hundred. They said to Kaʿb b. Asad as they were being taken to the Messenger of God ﷺ in groups: "O Kaʿb, what do you think he will do with us?" He said: "In every situation do you not understand? Do you not see that the summoner does not cease, and that whoever of you is taken away does not return? By God, it is killing." This continued until the Messenger of God ﷺ finished with them. The captivity of their offspring When Saʿd gave the judgment he gave, and the Messenger of God ﷺ departed on Thursday, nine nights remaining—as Muḥammad b. ʿUmar and Ibn Saʿd mentioned, and al-Dimyāṭī affirmed it, and it is said with five nights remaining—as affirmed in al-Ishārah—of Dhū al-Ḥijjah, they were ordered to be brought into Madinah. The Messenger of God ﷺ commanded the captives to be taken to the house of Usāmah b. Zayd, and the women and children to the house of Ramlah bt. al-Ḥārith. It is said they were all detained in the house of Ramlah. The Messenger of God ﷺ ordered loads of dates for them, and they were scattered for them, and they spent the night chewing them like donkeys chew. He ordered the weapons, furnishings, goods, and clothes to be carried to the house of Ibnat al-Ḥārith, and the camels and sheep to graze there among the trees. When morning came, the Messenger of God ﷺ went to the market and ordered a trench to be dug in the market, between the place of the house of Abū al-Jahm al-ʿAdawī and the stones of oil. His companions were there digging, and the Messenger of God ﷺ sat with the notables of his companions. He called for the men of Banū Qurayẓah, and they came out in groups, their necks being struck in those trenches. They said to Kaʿb b. Asad as they were being taken to the Messenger of God ﷺ in groups: "O Kaʿb, what do you think Muḥammad will do with us?" He said: "What will distress you, woe to you! In every situation do you not understand? Do you not see that the summoner does not cease, and that whoever of you goes does not return? By God, it is the sword. I called you to something other than this, but you refused me." They said: "This is not a time for reproach. Had we not disliked to disparage your opinion, we would not have entered into breaking the covenant that was between us and Muḥammad." Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab said: "Leave off the mutual blame you see, for it does not repel anything from you. Be patient for the sword." Those who carried out their killing were ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām Those who carried out their killing were ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib and al-Zubayr b. al-ʿAwwām. The Aws disliked the killing of Banū Qurayẓah because of their alliance Saʿd b. ʿUbādah and al-Ḥubāb b. al-Mundhir came and said: "O Messenger of God, the Aws have disliked the killing of Banū Qurayẓah because of their alliance." Saʿd b. Muʿādh said: "No one of the Aws who has any good in him dislikes it. Whoever dislikes it, may God not be pleased with him." Usayd b. al-Ḥuḍayr ؓ stood up and said: "O Messenger of God, do not leave any house of the houses of the Aws without dispersing them among them. Whoever is displeased, may God not rub anything but his nose. Send to my house first of their houses." So he dispersed them among the houses of the Aws, and they killed them.
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