Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1208
The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal
فَنَدَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ النَّاسَ. وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ سِبَاعَ- بِمُهْمَلَةٍ مَكْسُورَةٍ فَمُوَحَّدَةٍ فَأَلِفٍ فَعَيْنٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ- ابْنَ عُرْفَطَةَ بِضَمِّ الْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَالْفَاءِ- الْغِفَارِيَّ ، بِكَسْرِ الْغَيْنِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ. وَخَرَجَ ﷺ فِي أَلْفٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، فَكَانَ يَسِيرُ اللَّيْلَ وَيَكْمُنُ النَّهَارَ، وَمَعَهُ دَلِيلٌ لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: «مَذْكُورٌ» ؓ، هَادٍ خِرِّيتٌ ، وَسَارَ مُغِذًّا لِلسَّيْرِ، وَنَكَّبَ عَنْ طَرِيقِهِمْ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ قَالَ لَهُ الدَّلِيلُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ سَوَائِمَهُمْ تَرْعَى عِنْدَكَ فَأَقِمْ لِي حَتَّى أَطَّلِعَ لَكَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»، فَخَرَجَ الْعُذْرِيُّ طَلِيعَةً وَحْدَهُ حَتَّى وَجَدَ آثَارَ النَّعَمِ وَالشَّاءِ وَهُمْ مُغَرِّبُونَ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَقَدْ عَرَّفَ مَوَاضِعَهُمْ، فَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى هَجَمَ عَلَى مَاشِيَتِهِمْ وَرِعَائِهِمْ، فَأَصَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا، وَفَرَّ بَاقِيهِمْ فَتَفَرَّقَ أَهْلُ دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ بِهَا أَحَدًا، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا أَيَّامًا، وَبَثَّ السَّرَايَا فَعَادَتْ كُلُّ سِرِّيَّةٍ بِإِبِلٍ وَلَمْ تَلْقَ أَحَدًا، إِلَّا أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ أَخَذَ رَجُلًا مِنْهُمْ، فَأَتَى بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَسَأَلَهُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ: هَرَبُوا أَمْسِ لَمَّا سَمِعُوا أَنَّكَ أَخَذْتَ نَعَمَهُمْ، فَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْإِسْلَامَ أَيَّامًا فَأَسْلَمَ، وَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فِي الْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ، وَوَادَعَ ﷺ فِي طَرِيقِهِ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ الْفَزَارِيَّ أَنْ يَرْعَى بِتَغْلَمِينَ وَمَا وَالَاهَا إِلَى الْمَرَاضِ، وَكَانَتْ بِلَادُهُ قَدْ أَجْدَبَتْ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ رَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إلَيْهَا، وَلَمْ يَلْقَ كَيْدًا، فَأَقَامَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ بَقِيَّةَ سَنَتِهِ. وَغَنِمَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِبِلًا وَغَنَمًا وُجِدَتْ لَهُمْ.
Translation
✧ The Prophet ﷺ called upon the people. And he appointed over Madinah as his deputy Sibāʿ—with an undotted letter with kasrah, then a dotted letter, then an ʾalif, then an undotted ʿayn—b. ʿUrfatah—with ḍammah on the undotted ʿayn and the fāʾ—al-Ghifārī, with kasrah on the dotted ghayn. He ﷺ set out with a thousand of his Companions. He would travel by night and lie hidden by day. With him was a guide of his from the Banū ʿUdhrah named Madhkūr ؓ, a skilled guide. He marched swiftly and turned aside from their route. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ drew near to Dūmat al-Jandal, the guide said to him: "O Messenger of Allah, their grazing livestock are pasturing near you, so wait for me until I scout for you." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Yes." The ʿUdhrī went out as a scout, alone, until he found the tracks of the camels and sheep, and they were moving westward. Then he returned to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him, having identified their locations. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ proceeded until he fell upon their livestock and their herdsmen. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ seized some of them, and the rest fled, so the people of Dūmat al-Jandal scattered. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ encamped in their open space and found no one there. He stayed there for some days and dispatched raiding parties. Every party returned with camels and encountered no one, except that Muḥammad b. Maslamah took a man from among them and brought him to the Prophet ﷺ. He asked him about his companions, and he said: "They fled yesterday when they heard that you had seized their livestock." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ offered him Islam over some days, and he became Muslim. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to Madinah on the twentieth of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir. On his way, he ﷺ made a pact with ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn al-Fazārī that he might pasture at Taghlamīn and what is adjacent to it up to al-Marāḍ, for his land had become barren. Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned before reaching it, and he encountered no hostile scheme. He remained in Madinah for the rest of that year. The Muslims took as booty camels and sheep that were found belonging to them.
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