Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1226
The Expedition of al-Khandaq (the Confederates)
ذِكْرُ الْآيَاتِ الَّتِي وَقَعَتْ عِنْدَ ظُهُورِ الصَّخْرَةِ فِي الْخَنْدَقِ رَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالشَّيْخَانِ وَغَيْرُهُمْ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ، وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ، وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَالْحَارِثُ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ وَأَبُو نُعَيْمٍ مِنْ طَرِيقَيْنِ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ، وَابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ: أَنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَرَضَ لَهُمْ فِي بَعْضِ الْخَنْدَقِ صَخْرَةٌ ، وَفِي لَفْظٍ كُدْيَةٌ عَظِيمَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ مُدَوَّرَةٌ، لَا تَأْخُذُ فِيهَا الْمَعَاوِلُ، فَكَسَرَتْ حَدِيدَهُمْ، وَشَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَفِي حَدِيثِ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ: أَنَّهَا عَرَضَتْ لِسَلْمَانَ. وَذَكَرَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ أَنَّهَا تَعَرَّضَتْ لِعُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَشَكَوْا ذَلِكَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ فِي قُبَّةٍ تُرْكِيَّةٍ فَقَالَ: أَنَا نَازِلٌ، ثُمَّ قَامَ، وَبَطْنُهُ مَعْصُوبٌ بِحَجَرٍ مِنَ الْجُوعِ، وَلَبِثْنَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ لَا نَذُوقُ ذُوَاقًا، فَدَعَا بِإِنَاءٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَتَفِلَ فِيهِ، ثُمَّ دَعَا بِمَا شَاءَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَدْعُوَ بِهِ، ثُمَّ نَضَحَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ الْمَاءَ عَلَيْهَا، فَيَقُولُ مِنْ حَضَرَهَا: وَالَّذِي بَعَثَهُ بِالْحَقِّ إِنَّهَا عَادَتْ كَالْكَثِيبِ الْمَهِيلِ مَا تَرُدُّ فَأْسًا وَلَا مِسْحَاةً، فَأَخَذَ الْمِعْوَلَ مِنْ سَلْمَانَ، وَقَالَ: «بِسْمِ اللَّهِ»، وَضَرَبَ ضَرْبَةً فَكَسَرَ ثُلُثَهَا، وَبَرَقَتْ بَرْقَةٌ فَخَرَجَ نُورٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْيَمَنِ فَأَضَاءَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى كَأَنَّ مِصْبَاحًا فِي جَوْفِ لَيْلٍ مُظْلِمٍ، فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «أُعْطِيتُ مَفَاتِيحَ الْيَمَنِ، إِنِّي لَأُبْصِرُ أَبْوَابَ صَنْعَاءَ مِنْ مَكَانِي السَّاعَةَ، كَأَنَّهَا أَنْيَابُ الْكِلَابِ» ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ الثَّانِيَةَ فَقَطَعَ ثُلُثًا آخَرَ، وَبَرَقَ مِنْهَا بَرْقَةٌ فَخَرَجَ نُورٌ مِنْ قِبَلِ الرُّومِ فَأَضَاءَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: أُعْطِيتُ مَفَاتِيحَ الشَّامِ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُبْصِرُ قُصُورَهَا الْحُمْرَ مِنْ مَكَانِي السَّاعَةَ». ثُمَّ ضَرَبَ الثَّالِثَةَ فَقَطَعَ بَقِيَّةَ الْحَجَرِ وَبَرَقَ بَرْقَّةٌ مِنْ جِهَةِ فَارِسَ أَضَاءَتْ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَتَيِ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَالَ: «أُعْطِيتُ مَفَاتِيحَ فَارِسَ، وَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُبْصِرُ قُصُورَ الْحِيرَةِ وَمَدَائِنَ كِسْرَى كَأَنَّهَا أَنْيَابُ الْكِلَابِ مِنْ مَكَانِي هَذَا، وَأَخْبَرَنِي جِبْرِيلُ أَنَّ أُمَّتِي ظَاهِرَةٌ عَلَيْهَا، فَأَبْشِرُوا بِالنَّصْرِ». فَاسْتَسَرَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَقَالُوا: الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مَوْعِدٌ صَادِقٌ، بِأَنْ وَعَدَنَا النَّصْرَ بَعْدَ الْحَصْرِ، وَجَعَلَ يَصِفُ لِسَلْمَانَ، فَقَالَ سَلْمَانُ: صَدَقْتَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ صِفَتُهُ، أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «هَذِهِ فُتُوحٌ يَفْتَحُهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بَعْدِي يَا سَلْمَانُ، لَتَفْتَحُنَّ الشَّامَ، وَيَهْرُبُ هِرَقْلُ إِلَى أَقْصَى مَمْلَكَتِهِ، وَتَظْهَرُونَ عَلَى الشَّامِ فَلَا يُنَازِعُكُمْ أَحَدٌ، وَلَيُفْتَحَنَّ هَذَا الْمَشْرِقُ، وَيُقْتَلُ كِسْرَى فَلَا يَكُونُ كِسْرَى بَعْدَهُ» . قَالَ سَلْمَانُ: فَكُلُّ هَذَا قَدْ رَأَيْتُ. قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ- فِيمَا رَوَاهُ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ - حِينَ فُتِحَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَمْصَارُ زَمَانَ عُمَرَ، وَزَمَانَ عُثْمَانَ وَمَنْ بَعْدَهُ: «افْتَحُوا مَا بَدَا لَكُمْ، فَوالَّذِي نَفْسُ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ بِيَدِهِ مَا فَتَحْتُمْ مِنْ مَدِينَةٍ وَلَا تَفْتَحُونَهَا إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَعْطَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مُحَمَّدًا مَفَاتِيحَهَا قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ». فَقَالَ الْمُنَافِقُونَ: يُخْبِرُكُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ أَنَّهُ يُبْصِرُ مِنْ يَثْرِبَ قُصُورَ الْحِيرَةِ وَمَدَائِنَ كِسْرَى وَأَنَّهَا تُفْتَحُ لَكُمْ وَأَنْتُمْ تَحْفِرُونَ الْخَنْدَقَ، وَلَا تَسْتَطِيعُونَ أَنْ تَبْرُزُوا، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلا غُرُورًا [الْأَحْزَابِ: 12].
Translation
✧ Mention of the signs that occurred at the appearance of the rock in the trench Al-Imām Aḥmad and the two Shaykhs and others narrated from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh ؓ, and al-Imām Aḥmad with a good chain from al-Barāʾ b. ʿĀzib, and Ibn Saʿd and Ibn Jarīr and Ibn Abī Ḥātim from ʿAmr b. ʿAwf, and Abū Nuʿaym from Anas, and al-Ḥārith and al-Ṭabarānī from Ibn ʿUmar, and al-Ṭabarānī with a good chain from Ibn ʿAbbās, and al-Bayhaqī and Abū Nuʿaym by two paths from Ibn Shihāb, and Muḥammad b. ʿUmar from his shaykhs, and Ibn Isḥāq from his shaykhs: that the Muslims encountered in part of the trench a rock, and in one wording a great, hard, white, round hard clod, in which the picks would not take hold, so it broke their iron and was hard upon them, and in the ḥadīth of ʿAmr b. ʿAwf: that it appeared to Salmān. And Muḥammad b. ʿUmar mentioned that it appeared to ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, so they complained of that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was in a Turkish tent, and he said: “I am coming down.” Then he stood, and his belly was bound with a stone from hunger, and we had stayed three days not tasting any food. Then he called for a vessel of water and spat into it, then he called upon whatever Allah willed him to call upon, then he sprinkled some of that water upon it, and those present say: By the One who sent him with the truth, it became like a mound of pouring sand that repelled neither an axe nor a spade. Then he took the pick from Salmān and said: “In the name of Allah,” and struck a blow and broke a third of it, and a flash of lightning flashed and a light came out from the direction of Yemen and illuminated what was between the two lava tracts of Madinah until it was as if a lamp in the depth of a dark night. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said the takbīr and said: “I have been given the keys of Yemen. Verily I see the gates of Ṣanʿāʾ from my place this very hour, as if they were the fangs of dogs.” Then he struck a second time and cut another third, and a flash flashed from it and a light came out from the direction of Rūm and illuminated what was between the two lava tracts of Madinah, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said the takbīr and said: “I have been given the keys of Syria. By Allah, verily I see its red palaces from my place this very hour.” Then he struck a third time and cut the rest of the stone, and a flash flashed from the direction of Persia and illuminated what was between the two lava tracts of Madinah, so the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said the takbīr and said: “I have been given the keys of Persia. By Allah, verily I see the palaces of al-Ḥīrah and the cities of Kisrā as if they were the fangs of dogs from this place of mine, and Jibrīl has informed me that my community will prevail over it, so rejoice in victory.” So the Muslims were delighted and said: Praise be to Allah, a true promise, in that He promised us victory after siege. And he began to describe it to Salmān, and Salmān said: You have spoken the truth, O Messenger of Allah, this is its description, I bear witness that you are the Messenger of Allah. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “These are conquests that Allah the Exalted will open after me, O Salmān. You will surely conquer Syria, and Heraclius will flee to the farthest part of his kingdom, and you will prevail over Syria and no one will dispute with you, and this east will surely be conquered, and Kisrā will be killed and there will be no Kisrā after him.” Salmān said: All of this I have seen. Abū Hurayrah said—in what Ibn Isḥāq narrated—when these garrison cities were conquered in the time of ʿUmar, and the time of ʿUthmān and after him: “Conquer what seems good to you, for by the One in whose hand is the soul of Abū Hurayrah, you have not conquered any city nor will you conquer it until the Day of Resurrection except that Allah the Exalted has given Muḥammad its keys before that.” Then the hypocrites said: Muḥammad tells you that from Yathrib he sees the palaces of al-Ḥīrah and the cities of Kisrā and that they will be opened for you, while you are digging the trench and cannot go out. So Allah, Blessed and Exalted, sent down: And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts is disease said: Allah and His Messenger did not promise us except delusion. [Al-Aḥzāb: 12]
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording. Ask what scholars say about its grade