Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1206
The Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal
غَزْوَةُ دَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ وَقَعَتْ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَسَبَبُهَا أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ بِدَوْمَةَ الْجَنْدَلِ جَمْعًا كَثِيرًا، وَأَنَّهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ مَنْ مَرَّ بِهِمْ، وَكَانَ بَيْنَ دَوْمَةَ الْجَنْدَلِ وَبَيْنَ الْمَدِينَةِ مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ لَيْلَةً، أَوْ سِتَّةَ عَشَرَ فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَاسْتَخْلَفَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ سِبَاعَ بْنَ عُرْفَطَةَ الْغِفَارِيَّ وَخَرَجَ ﷺ فِي أَلْفٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِهِ، وَمَعَهُ دَلِيلٌ لَهُ مِنْ بَنِي عُذْرَةَ يُقَالُ لَهُ: «مَذْكُورٌ» ؓ، فَلَمَّا دَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ دَوْمَةَ الْجَنْدَلِ قَالَ لَهُ الدَّلِيلُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ سَوَائِمَهُمْ تَرْعَى عِنْدَكَ فَأَقِمْ لِي حَتَّى أَطَّلِعَ لَكَ، قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «نَعَمْ»، فَخَرَجَ الْعُذْرِيُّ طَلِيعَةً وَحْدَهُ حَتَّى وَجَدَ آثَارَ النَّعَمِ وَالشَّاءِ، ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَقَدْ عَرَّفَ مَوَاضِعَهُمْ، فَسَارَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى هَجَمَ عَلَى مَاشِيَتِهِمْ وَرِعَائِهِمْ، فَأَصَابَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْهَا، وَفَرَّ بَاقِيهِمْ فَتَفَرَّقَ أَهْلُ دَوْمَةَ الْجَنْدَلِ وَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، فِي الْعِشْرِينَ مِنْ رَبِيعٍ الْآخِرِ، وَوَادَعَ ﷺ فِي طَرِيقِهِ عُيَيْنَةَ بْنَ حِصْنٍ الْفَزَارِيَّ أَنْ يَرْعَى بِتَغْلَمِينَ وَمَا وَالَاهَا إِلَى الْمَرَاضِ، وَكَانَتْ بِلَادُهُ قَدْ أَجْدَبَتْ.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of Dūmat al-Jandal It took place in the year five of the Hijrah. Its cause was that the Messenger of God ﷺ had heard that at Dūmat al-Jandal there was a large gathering, and that they were oppressing whoever passed by them. Between Dūmat al-Jandal and Madinah was a journey of fifteen nights, or sixteen. The Prophet ﷺ set out. He appointed over Madinah Sibāʿ b. ʿUrfuṭah al-Ghifārī. He ﷺ set out with one thousand of his Companions, accompanied by a guide of his from Banū ʿUdhrah called Madhkūr ؓ. When the Messenger of God ﷺ drew near to Dūmat al-Jandal, the guide said to him: "O Messenger of God, their free-grazing livestock are grazing near you. Wait for me so that I may scout for you." The Messenger of God ﷺ said: "Yes." The ʿUdhrī went out alone as a scout until he found the tracks of the camels and sheep, then returned to the Prophet ﷺ and informed him; he had identified their locations. The Messenger of God ﷺ marched until he fell upon their cattle and their herdsmen. The Messenger of God ﷺ captured some of them, and the rest fled. The people of Dūmat al-Jandal scattered, and the Messenger of God ﷺ returned to Madinah on the twentieth of Rabīʿ al-Ākhir. On his way, he ﷺ made a truce with ʿUyaynah b. Ḥiṣn al-Fazārī that he might pasture his herds in Taghlamīn and its surrounding areas up to al-Marāḍ, for his lands had become barren.
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