Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1204
The Expedition of Badr al-Akhirah (Badr al-Maw'id, the Second Badr, the Minor Badr)
وَقَالَ أَبُو سُفْيَانَ لِقُرَيْشٍ: قَدْ بَعَثْنَا نُعَيْمَ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ لِأَنْ يُخَذِّلَ أَصْحَابَ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ، وَهُوَ جَاهَدَ، وَلَكِنْ نَخْرُجُ نَحْنُ فَنَسِيرُ لَيْلَةً أَوْ لَيْلَتَيْنِ ثُمَّ نَرْجِعُ، فَإِنْ كَانَ مُحَمَّدٌ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّا خَرَجْنَا فَرَجَعْنَا، لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ، فَيَكُونُ هَذَا لَنَا عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّ كَانَ خَرَجَ أَظْهَرْنَا أَنَّ هَذَا عَامُ جَدْبٍ، وَلَا يُصْلِحُنَا إِلَّا عَامُ عُشْبٍ. قَالُوا: نِعْمَ مَا رَأَيْتَ. فَخَرَجَ فِي قُرَيْشٍ وَهُمْ أَلْفَانِ وَمَعَهُمْ خَمْسُونَ فَرَسًا، حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَى مَجَنَّةٍ مِنْ نَاحِيَةِ الظَّهْرَانِ، وَبَعْضُ النَّاسِ يَقُولُ: قَدْ بَلَغَ عُسْفَانَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: ارْجِعُوا لَا يُصْلِحُنَا إِلَّا عَامُ خِصْبٍ غَيْدَاقٌ، نَرْعَى فِيهِ الشَّجَرَ وَنَشْرَبُ فِيهِ اللَّبَنَ، وَإِنَّ عَامَكُمْ هَذَا عَامُ جَدْبٍ، وَإِنِّي رَاجِعٌ فَارْجِعُوا، فَسَمَّى أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ ذَلِكَ الْجَيْشَ «جَيْشَ السَّوِيقِ»، وَيَقُولُونَ: خَرَجُوا يَشْرَبُونَ السَّوِيقَ. وَانْطَلَقَ مَعْبَدُ بْنُ أَبِي مَعْبَدٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ سَرِيعًا، بَعْدَ انْقِضَاءِ الْمَوْسِمِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ، فَأَخْبَرَ بِكَثْرَةِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَهْلُ ذَلِكَ الْمَوْسِمِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ أَلْفَانِ، وَأَخْبَرَ بِمَا قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِلضَّمْرِيِّ، فَقَالَ صَفْوَانُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ لِأَبِي سُفْيَانَ: قَدْ وَاللَّهِ نَهَيْتُكَ يَوْمَئِذَ أَنْ تُعِدَّ الْقَوْمَ، وَقَدِ اجْتَرَأُوا عَلَيْنَا، وَرَأَوْا أَنَّا قَدْ أَخْلَفْنَاهُمْ، وَإِنَّمَا خَلَّفْنَا الضَّعْفَ عَنْهُمْ، وَأَخَذُوا فِي الْكَيْدِ وَالنَّفَقَةِ فِي قِتَالِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَاسْتَجْلَبُوا مَنْ حَوْلَهُمْ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ، وَجَمَعُوا الْأَمْوَالَ وَضَرَبُوا الْبَعْثَ عَلَى أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَلَمْ يُتْرَكْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِمَالٍ، وَلَمْ يَقْبَلْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ أُوقِيَّةٍ لِغَزْوِ الْخَنْدَقِ. ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ.
Translation
✧ Abū Sufyān said to Quraysh: “We sent Nuʿaym b. Masʿūd to discourage Muḥammad’s companions from coming out, and he strove, but let us ourselves go out and travel for a night or two, then return. If Muḥammad has not come out, it will reach him that we went out and returned because he did not come out, and this will be in our favor against him. If he has come out, we will make it appear that this is a year of drought, and nothing suits us except a year of herbage.” They said: “What a good opinion you have.” So he set out with Quraysh, and they were two thousand, with fifty horses, until they reached Majannah on the side of al-Ẓahrān. Some people say: He reached ʿUsfān, then said: “Return, for nothing suits us except a fertile, abundant year in which we pasture the trees and drink the milk. This year of yours is a year of drought, and I am returning, so return.” The people of Makkah called that army “the army of sawīq,” and they say: “They went out to drink sawīq.” Maʿbad b. Abī Maʿbad al-Khuzāʿī went quickly, after the end of the season, to Makkah, and reported the multitude of the Muslims, that they were the people of that season, and that they were two thousand, and he reported what the Messenger of God ﷺ had said to al-Ḍamrī. Ṣafwān b. Umayyah said to Abū Sufyān: “By God, I forbade you that day to count the people as enemies, and they have become bold against us and seen that we have broken our promise to them. It was only weakness that kept us from them. They have begun to plot and spend money to fight the Messenger of God ﷺ, and they have summoned the Arabs around them, gathered wealth, and levied a force on the people of Makkah, so that no one among them was left without bringing money, and no less than an ounce was accepted from any of them for the campaign of the Trench.” Then the Messenger of God ﷺ returned to Madinah.
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