Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1166
The Expulsion of Banu al-Nadir in the Year Four
غَزْوَةُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَقَعَتْ غَزْوَةُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ فِي سَنَةِ أَرْبَعٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ، وَالنَّضِيرُ حَيٌّ مِنْ يَهُودَ دَخَلُوا فِي الْعَرَبِ وَهُمْ عَلَى نَسَبِهِمْ إِلَى نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ هَارُونَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُهَا أَنَّ عَمْرَو بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ قَتَلَ قَتِيلَيْنِ مِنْ بَنِي عَامِرٍ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَدْ كَتَبَ لَهُمْ كِتَابَ أَمَانٍ وَجِوَارٍ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ عَمْرُو بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ الضَّمْرِيَّ عَلِمَ بِذَلِكَ، وَأَرَادَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْ يَسْتَعِينَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ عَلَى دِيَتِهِمَا، وَقَدْ كَانَ بَيْنَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَبَنِي بَنِي عَامِرٍ حِلْفٌ. فَلَمَّا ذَهَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَيْهِمْ أَظْهَرُوا الْعَوْنَ وَأَضْمَرُوا الْغَدْرَ وَسَعَى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ بِأَنَّكُمْ لَنْ تَجِدُوا الرَّجُلَ فِي خَلْوَةٍ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ وَسَعَوْا فِي أَنْ يُلْقُوا عَلَيْهِ صَخْرَةً مِنْ فَوْقِ جِدَارٍ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَاعِدًا بِجَانِبِهِ، فَجَاءَهُ الْخَبَرُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ بِمَا أَرَادَ الْقَوْمُ فَقَامَ وَخَرَجَ رَاجِعًا إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَخْبَرَ أَصْحَابَهُ ﷺ بِمَا عَزَمَتْ عَلَيْهِ يَهُودُ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ مِنَ الْغَدْرِ، وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِالِاسْتِعْدَادِ لِحَرْبِهِمْ وَالسَّيْرِ إِلَيْهِمْ. وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مَسْلَمَةَ يُعَرِّفُهُمْ مَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مِنَ الْغَدْرِ وَأَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَأْمُرُهُمْ بِالْخُرُوجِ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ وَأَنَّهُ أَجَلَّهُمْ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَمَنْ وُجِدَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ ضُرِبَتْ عُنُقُهُ، فَجَدُّوا فِي جِهَازِهِمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ أُبِيِّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَيْهِمْ بِأَنْ يَبْقَوْا فِي دِيَارِهِمْ وَأَنَّهُ سَيَمْنَعُهُمْ وَظَلَّ يُمَنِّيهِمْ حَتَّى اسْتَجَابَ لَهُ حُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ وَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِأَنَّهُ لَنْ يَخْرُجُوا مِنْ دِيَارِهِمْ، فَكَبَّرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَكَبَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ لِتَكْبِيرِهِ وَقَالَ ﷺ: حَارَبَتْ يَهُودُ فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَاسْتَعْمَلَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ ابْنَ أُمِّ مَكْتُومٍ، وَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَحَاصَرَهُمْ وَظَلَّتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ تَرْمِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ بِالنَّبْلِ وَالْحِجَارَةِ، وَضُرِبَتْ قُبَّةٌ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَحَاصَرَهُمْ قُرَابَةَ عِشْرِينَ يَوْمًا، وَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِقَطْعِ نَخْلِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ، فَوَهَنَتْ بَنُو النَّضِيرِ وَخَرَجَ رَجُلَانِ هُمَا يَامِينُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ وَأَبُو سَعْدِ بْنِ وَهْبٍ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَسْلَمَا فَأَحْرَزَا دِمَاءَهُمَا وَأَمْوَالَهُمَا. ثُمَّ نَزَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَلَى أَنَّ لَهُمْ مَا حَمَلَتِ الْإِبِلُ إِلَّا الْحَلْقَةَ، فَخَرَجُوا وَتَحَمَّلُوا عَلَى قُرَابَةِ سِتِّمِائَةِ بَعِيرٍ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ وَبَعْضُهُمْ خَرَجَ إِلَى الشَّامِ. وَقَدْ قَسَّمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ بَيْنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ لِيَسْتَغْنُوا بِذَلِكَ عَنْ إِخْوَانِهِمْ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَقَدْ رَضِيَ الْأَنْصَارُ بِذَلِكَ. هَذَا وَقَدْ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ غَالِبَ سُورَةِ الْحَشْرِ فِي شَأْنِ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ حَتَّى كَانَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ يُسَمِّيهَا سُورَةَ بَنِي النَّضِيرِ.
Translation
✧ The Expedition of Banū al-Naḍīr The expedition of Banū al-Naḍīr took place in the year four of the Hijrah. Al-Naḍīr were a Jewish clan who had entered among the Arabs while remaining on their lineage back to the Prophet of God, Hārūn ﷺ. The reason for it was that ʿAmr b. Umayyah al-Ḍamrī killed two men of Banū ʿĀmir for whom the Prophet ﷺ had written a document of protection and guarantee, but ʿAmr b. Umayyah al-Ḍamrī did not know of that. The Prophet ﷺ wanted to seek the help of Banū al-Naḍīr for their blood money, and there had been an alliance between Banū al-Naḍīr and Banū ʿĀmir. When the Prophet ﷺ went to them, they showed willingness to help but concealed treachery. Some of them urged others, saying, "You will never find the man alone like this," and they sought to throw a rock on him from atop a wall beside which the Prophet ﷺ was sitting. The news came to him from heaven of what the people intended, so he rose and departed, returning to Madinah. He informed his Companions ﷺ of the treachery that the Jews of Banū al-Naḍīr had resolved upon, and he commanded them to prepare for war against them and to march to them. He sent Muḥammad b. Maslamah to them to inform them of their treachery and that the Prophet ﷺ ordered them to leave Madinah, and that he granted them ten days; whoever was found after that would have his neck struck. They set about their preparations, except that ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl sent to them to remain in their homes and that he would protect them, and he kept giving them false hopes until Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab responded to him and sent to the Prophet ﷺ that they would not leave their homes. The Prophet ﷺ said the takbīr and the Muslims said the takbīr following his takbīr, and he said ﷺ: "The Jews have waged war." The Prophet ﷺ went out and appointed Ibn Umm Maktūm over Madinah. He marched to them and besieged them. Banū al-Naḍīr kept shooting arrows and stones at the Muslims. A tent was pitched for the Prophet ﷺ, and he besieged them for about twenty days. The Prophet ﷺ ordered the cutting of the palm trees of Banū al-Naḍīr, so Banū al-Naḍīr weakened. Two men, Yāmīn b. ʿUmayr and Abū Saʿd b. Wahb, went out to the Prophet ﷺ and became Muslims, thereby protecting their blood and their property. Then the Jews surrendered on the condition that they would have what the camels could carry except armor. They left, loading about six hundred camels to Khaybar, and some of them went to Syria. The Prophet ﷺ divided the property of Banū al-Naḍīr among the Emigrants so that they might become self-sufficient thereby, without need of their brothers among the Anṣār, and the Anṣār were pleased with that. God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed most of Sūrat al-Ḥashr concerning the affair of Banū al-Naḍīr and what took place from them, to the point that Ibn ʿAbbās used to call it Sūrat Banī al-Naḍīr.
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