Tarikh (al-Tabari) 1045
The Expedition of Banū Qaynuqāʿ
وَمَشَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ لَهُمْ مِنْ حِلْفِهِ مِثْلُ الَّذِي لَهُمْ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ ابْنِ سَلُولَ، فَجَعَلَهُمْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَتَبَرَّأَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَرَسُولِهِ مِنْ حِلْفِهِمْ، وَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَتَوَلَّى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَأَبْرَأُ مِنْ حِلْفِ هَؤُلَاءِ الرِّجَالِ، فَقَامَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ حِينَ أَمْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَحْسِنْ فِي مَوَالِيَّ، وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ الْخَزْرَجِ، فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَحْسِنْ فِي مَوَالِيَّ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ، فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي جَيْبِ دِرْعِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ خَلْفِهِ، وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: ذَاتُ الْفُضُولِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَيْحَكَ أَرْسِلْنِي »، وَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى رَأَوْا لِوَجْهِهِ ظُلَلًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ أَرْسِلْنِي، قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُرْسِلُكَ حَتَّى تُحْسِنَ فِي مَوَالِيَّ: أَرْبَعِمِائَةِ حَاسِرٍ، وَثَلَاثِمِائَةِ دَارِعٍ، قَدْ مَنَعُونِي مِنَ الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَدِ، تَحْصُدُهُمْ فِي غَدَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، إِنَّى وَاللَّهِ امْرُؤٌ أَخْشَى الدَّوَائِرَ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: «خَلُّوهُمْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ وَلَعَنَهُ مَعَهُمْ ». وَتَرَكَهُمْ مِنَ الْقَتْلِ، وَأَمَرَ بِهِمْ أَنْ يُجْلُوا مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، فَخَرَجُوا بَعْدَ ثَلَاثٍ، وَوَلِيَ إِخْرَاجَهُمْ مِنْهَا عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، وَقِيلَ: مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَسْلَمَةَ، فَلَحِقُوا بِأَذْرِعَاتٍ، فَمَا كَانَ أَقَلَّ بَقَاءَهُمْ بِهَا. وأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي شَأْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ وَفِي شَأْنِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ: يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ [الْمَائِدَةِ 51، 52 ] أَيْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ وَقَوْلَهُ: إِنِّي أَخْشَى الدَّوَائِرَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَنْ تُصِيبَنَا دَائِرَةٌ فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِالْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَيُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا أَسَرُّوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ نَادِمِينَ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا، الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ رَاكِعُونَ [الْمَائِدَةِ 55 ] وَذَلِكَ لِتَوَلِّي عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَرَسُولِهِ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا، وَتَبَرُّئِهِ مِنْ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ وَحِلْفِهِمْ وَوِلَايَتِهِمْ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهَ هُمُ الْغَالِبُونَ [الْمَائِدَةِ 56 ].
Translation
✧ And ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit walked to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ—he had for them from his alliance the like of what they had from ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl—and he turned them over to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and he declared his innocence before Allah, Exalted be He, and His Messenger from their alliance, and he said: "O Messenger of Allah, I take Allah and His Messenger and the believers as my protectors, and I disavow the alliance of these men." Then ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl rose and went to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when Allah gave him power over them, and he said: "O Muḥammad, treat my clients well"—and they were allies of the Khazraj—but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was slow to answer him, so he said: "O Muḥammad, treat my clients well," and he turned away from him. So he inserted his hand into the collar of the Messenger of Allah's ﷺ coat of mail from behind him—it used to be called Dhāt al-Fuḍūl—and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: "Woe to you, let me go," and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ became angry until they saw shadows on his face; then he said: "Woe to you, let me go." He said: "By Allah, I will not let you go until you treat my clients well: four hundred men without armor and three hundred with armor, who defended me from the red and the black, and you would mow them down in a single morning. By Allah, I am a man who fears the turns of fortune." So he ﷺ said: "Let them go; may Allah curse them, and may he be cursed along with them." And he spared them from being killed, and commanded that they be expelled from Madinah. So they departed after three days, and ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit took charge of their expulsion from it, and it is also said: Muḥammad b. Maslamah. They went to Adhriʿāt, and how short was their stay there. And Allah, Exalted be He, revealed concerning the affair of ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy and the affair of ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit: "O you who believe, do not take the Jews and the Christians as allies; they are allies of one another. And whoever among you takes them as allies, then indeed he is of them. Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people. So you see those in whose hearts is disease" [al-Māʾidah 51–52], meaning ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy and his saying: "I fear the turns of fortune," "hastening among them, saying, 'We fear lest a turn of fortune strike us.' But perhaps Allah will bring victory or a command from Him, and they will become regretful for what they concealed within themselves," up to His saying, Exalted be He: "Your ally is none but Allah and His Messenger and those who believe—those who establish prayer and give zakāh while bowing" [al-Māʾidah 55]. And that was because ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit took Allah, Exalted be He, and His Messenger and those who believe as his protectors, and disavowed Banū Qaynuqāʿ and their alliance and their friendship. "And whoever takes Allah and His Messenger and those who believe as protectors, then indeed the party of Allah—they are the victorious" [al-Māʾidah 56].
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