Dalil
العربية
Sirat Ibn Hisham

54. The affair of Banū Qaynuqāʿ

  1. Sirat Ibn Hisham 915No grade recorded

    أَمْرُ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ [ نَصِيحَةُ الرَّسُولِ لَهُمْ وَرَدُّهُمْ عَلَيْهِ ] ( قَالَ ): وَقَدْ كَانَ فِيمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ، مِنْ غَزْوِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَمَرَ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَكَانَ مِنْ حَدِيثِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَمَعَهُمْ بِسُوقِ ( بَنِي ) قَيْنُقَاعَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، احْذَرُوا مِنْ اللَّهِ مِثْلَ مَا نَزَلَ بِقُرَيْشٍ مِنْ النِّقْمَةِ وَأَسْلِمُوا، فَإِنَّكُمْ قَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنِّي نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ، تَجِدُونَ ذَلِكَ فِي كِتَابِكُمْ وَعَهْدِ اللَّهِ إلَيْكُمْ، قَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، إنَّكَ تَرَى أَنَّا قَوْمُكَ لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ أَنَّكَ لَقِيتُ قَوْمًا لَا عِلْمَ لَهُمْ بِالْحَرْبِ، فَأَصَبْتَ مِنْهُمْ فُرْصَةً، إنَّا وَاَللَّهِ لَئِنْ حَارَبْنَاكَ لَتَعْلَمَنَّ أَنَّا نَحْنُ النَّاسَ [ مَا نَزَلَ فِيهِمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مَوْلًى لِآلِ زَيْدِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، أَوْ عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: مَا نَزَلَ هَؤُلَاءِ الْآيَاتُ إلَّا فِيهِمْ: قُلْ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا سَتُغْلَبُونَ وَتُحْشَرُونَ إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ وَبِئْسَ الْمِهَادُ قَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ آيَةٌ فِي فِئَتَيْنِ الْتَقَتَا أَيْ أَصْحَابِ بَدْرٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَقُرَيْشٍ فِئَةٌ تُقَاتِلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَأُخْرَى كَافِرَةٌ يَرَوْنَهُمْ مِثْلَيْهِمْ رَأْيَ الْعَيْنِ وَاللَّهُ يُؤَيِّدُ بِنَصْرِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِنَّ فِي ذَلِكَ لَعِبْرَةً لِأُولِي الْأَبْصَارِ [ كَانُوا أَوَّلَ مَنْ نَقَضَ الْعَهْدِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ: أَنَّ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ كَانُوا أَوَّلَ يَهُودَ نَقَضُوا مَا بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَحَارَبُوا فِيمَا بَيْنَ بَدْرٍ وَأُحُدٍ.

    ✧ The affair of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ [The Messenger's counsel to them and their reply to him] (Ibn Hishām) said: And among what happened between that, of the raiding of the Messenger of God ﷺ, he dealt with the Banū Qaynuqāʿ. And part of the account of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ is that the Messenger of God ﷺ gathered them in the market of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ, then said: O assembly of Jews, beware from God the like of what befell Quraysh of vengeance, and submit, for you have known that I am a prophet sent, you find that in your Book and in God's covenant to you. They said: O Muḥammad, do you see that we are your people? Let it not deceive you that you met a people who have no knowledge of war, and you got an opportunity from them. By God, if we fight you, you will surely know that we are the people [What was revealed concerning them]. Ibn Isḥāq said: A client of the family of Zayd b. Thābit related to me, from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, or from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: These verses were revealed only concerning them: "Say to those who disbelieve: You will be defeated and gathered to Hell, and evil is the resting place. There was for you a sign in two parties that met: one party fighting in the way of God, and another disbelieving, seeing them as twice their number with the eye; and God strengthens with His help whom He wills. Indeed in that is a lesson for those with insight" [Q 3:12–13], meaning the companions of Badr from the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and Quraysh [They were the first to break the pact]. Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah related to me: The Banū Qaynuqāʿ were the first Jews to break what was between them and the Messenger of God ﷺ, and they fought between Badr and Uḥud.

  2. Sirat Ibn Hisham 916No grade recorded

    [ سَبَبُ الْحَرْبِ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَذَكَرَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ الْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي عَوْنٍ، قَالَ: كَانَ مِنْ أَمْرِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ الْعَرَبِ قَدِمَتْ بِجَلَبٍ لَهَا، فَبَاعَتْهُ بِسُوقِ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ، وَجَلَسَتْ إلَى صَائِغٍ بِهَا، فَجَعَلُوا يُرِيدُونَهَا عَلَى كَشْفِ وَجْهِهَا، فَأَبَتْ، فَعَمِدَ الصَّائِغُ إلَى طَرَفِ ثَوْبِهَا فَعَقَدَهُ إلَى ظَهْرِهَا، فَلَمَّا قَامَتْ انْكَشَفَتْ سَوْأَتُهَا، فَضَحِكُوا بِهَا، فَصَاحَتْ. فَوَثَبَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الصَّائِغِ فَقَتَلَهُ، وَكَانَ يَهُودِيًّا، وَشَدَّتْ الْيَهُودُ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فَقَتَلُوهُ، فَاسْتَصْرَخَ أَهْلُ الْمُسْلِمِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ عَلَى الْيَهُودِ، فَغَضِبَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَوَقَعَ الشَّرُّ بَيْنَهُمْ وَبَيْنَ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ

    ✧ [The cause of the war between them and the Muslims] Ibn Hishām said: ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaʿfar b. al-Miswar b. Makhramah mentioned, from Abū ʿAwn, who said: It was part of the affair of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ that an Arab woman came with some merchandise of hers, and she sold it in the market of the Banū Qaynuqāʿ, and sat down next to a jeweler there. They began to want her to uncover her face, but she refused. The jeweler then went to the edge of her garment and tied it to her back. When she stood up, her private parts were exposed, and they laughed at her, so she cried out. A man from among the Muslims leapt upon the jeweler and killed him, and he was a Jew. The Jews then attacked the Muslim and killed him, whereupon the family of the Muslim called upon the Muslims for help against the Jews. The Muslims became angry, and evil broke out between them and the Banū Qaynuqāʿ.

  3. Sirat Ibn Hisham 917No grade recorded

    [ مَا كَانَ مِنْ ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ مَعَ الرَّسُولِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي عَاصِمُ بْنُ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: فَحَاصَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى نَزَلُوا عَلَى حُكْمِهِ، فَقَامَ إلَيْهِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ، حِينَ أَمْكَنَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَحْسِنْ فِي مَوَالِيَّ، وَكَانُوا حُلَفَاءَ الْخَزْرَجِ، قَالَ: فَأَبْطَأَ عَلَيْهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَحْسِنْ فِي مُوَالِيَّ، قَالَ: فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ. فَأَدْخَلَ يَدَهُ فِي جَيْبِ دِرْعِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهَا: ذَاتَ الْفُضُولِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَرْسِلْنِي، وَغَضِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَتَّى رَأَوْا لِوَجْهِهِ ظُلَلًا، ثُمَّ قَالَ: وَيْحَكَ أَرْسِلْنِي، قَالَ: لَا وَاَللَّهِ لَا أُرْسِلْكَ حَتَّى تُحْسِنَ فِي مُوَالِيَّ، أَرْبَعَ مِئَةِ حَاسِرٍ وَثَلَاثُ مِئَةِ دَارِعٍ قَدْ مَنَعُونِي مِنْ الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَدِ، تَحْصُدُهُمْ فِي غَدَاةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، إنِّي وَاَللَّهِ امْرُؤٌ أَخْشَى الدَّوَائِرَ؛ قَالَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: هُمْ لَكَ. [ مُدَّةُ حِصَارِهِمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاسْتَعْمَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ فِي مُحَاصَرَتِهِ إيَّاهُمْ بَشِيرَ بْنَ عَبْدِ الْمُنْذِرِ، وَكَانَتْ مُحَاصَرَتُهُ إيَّاهُمْ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً

    ✧ [What took place between Ibn Ubayy and the Messenger] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿĀṣim b. ʿUmar b. Qatādah related to me, saying: The Messenger of God ﷺ besieged them until they surrendered to his judgment. Then ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl rose before him, when God had enabled him against them, and said: “O Muḥammad, treat my clients well”—for they were allies of the Khazraj. He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ delayed in answering him, so he said: “O Muḥammad, treat my clients well.” He said: He turned away from him. So he thrust his hand into the collar of the Messenger of God's ﷺ coat of mail. Ibn Hishām said: It was called Dhāt al-Fuḍūl. Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said to him: “Let me go,” and the Messenger of God ﷺ became angry until they saw shadows on his face. Then he said: “Woe to you, let me go.” He said: “No, by God, I will not let you go until you treat my clients well—four hundred men without armor and three hundred with armor, who defended me from the red and the black. Would you mow them down in a single morning? By God, I am a man who fears the turns of fortune.” He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said: “They are yours.” [The duration of their siege] Ibn Hishām said: During his siege of them, the Messenger of God ﷺ appointed Bashīr b. ʿAbd al-Mundhir over Madinah, and his siege of them lasted fifteen nights.

  4. Sirat Ibn Hisham 918No grade recorded

    [ تَبَرُّؤُ ابْنِ الصَّامِتِ مِنْ حِلْفِهِمْ وَمَا نَزَلَ فِيهِ وَفِي ابْنِ أُبَيٍّ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبِي إسْحَاقُ بْنُ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا حَارَبَتْ بَنُو قَيْنُقَاعَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، تَشَبَّثَ بِأَمْرِهِمْ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ ابْنُ سَلُولَ، وَقَامَ دُونَهُمْ قَالَ: وَمَشَى عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَكَانَ أَحَدَ بَنِي عَوْفٍ، لَهُمْ مِنْ حِلْفِهِ مِثْلُ الَّذِي لَهُمْ مِنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ، فَخَلَعَهُمْ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَتَبَرَّأَ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَإِلَى رَسُولِهِ ﷺ مِنْ حِلْفِهِمْ، وَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَتَوَلَّى اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ ﷺ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ، وَأَبْرَأُ مِنْ حِلْفِ هَؤُلَاءِ الْكُفَّارِ وَوِلَايَتِهِمْ. قَالَ: فَفِيهِ وَفِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْقِصَّةُ مِنْ الْمَائِدَةِ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَتَّخِذُوا الْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى أَوْلِيَاءَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلِيَاءُ بَعْضٍ وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّهُمْ مِنْكُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ فَتَرَى الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ أَيْ لِعَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ وَقَوْلُهُ: إنِّي أَخْشَى الدَّوَائِرَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِيهِمْ يَقُولُونَ نَخْشَى أَنْ تُصِيبَنَا دَائِرَةٌ فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بِالْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ فَيُصْبِحُوا عَلَى مَا أَسَرُّوا فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ نَادِمِينَ وَيَقُولُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَهَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ أَقْسَمُوا بِاللَّهِ جَهْدَ أَيْمَانِهِمْ ثُمَّ الْقِصَّةُ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: إِنَّمَا وَلِيُّكُمُ اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا الَّذِينَ يُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ وَيُؤْتُونَ الزَّكَاةَ وَهُمْ رَاكِعُونَ وَذَكَرَ لِتُوَلِّي عُبَادَةَ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَاَلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا، وَتَبَرُّئِهِ مِنْ بَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ وَحِلْفِهِمْ وَوِلَايَتِهِمْ: وَمَنْ يَتَوَلَّ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ وَالَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْغَالِبُونَ

    ✧ [Ibn al-Ṣāmit's renunciation of their pact and what was revealed concerning him and Ibn Ubayy] Ibn Isḥāq said: My father Isḥāq b. Yasār related to me, from ʿUbādah b. al-Walīd b. ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit, who said: When the Banū Qaynuqāʿ fought against the Messenger of God ﷺ, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy b. Salūl clung to their cause and stood in their defence. He said: And ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit walked to the Messenger of God ﷺ; he was one of the Banū ʿAwf, who had from his pact the like of what they had from ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy. He renounced them before the Messenger of God ﷺ and declared himself quit before God, mighty and glorious, and before His Messenger ﷺ of their pact, saying: 'O Messenger of God, I take as protector God and His Messenger ﷺ and the believers, and I dissociate myself from the pact of these disbelievers and their protection.' He said: Concerning him and ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy this passage of al-Māʾidah came down: 'O you who believe, do not take the Jews and the Christians as protectors; they are protectors of one another. Whoever of you takes them as protectors is one of them. God does not guide the wrongdoing people.' 'You see those in whose hearts is sickness'—that is, ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy and his saying: 'I fear the turns of fortune'—'hastening among them, saying: We fear lest a turn of fortune strike us. Perhaps God will bring the victory or a matter from Him, and they will become regretful for what they concealed in themselves.' 'And the believers say: Are these the ones who swore by God their most binding oaths'—then the passage until the words of Him, exalted: 'Your protector is only God and His Messenger and the believers who perform the prayer and give the alms while bowing.' And he mentioned that for ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit's taking God and His Messenger and the believers as protectors, and his dissociation from the Banū Qaynuqāʿ and their pact and protection: 'Whoever takes as protector God and His Messenger and the believers—the party of God, they are the victorious.'