50. Blood Money
Sahih Ibn Hibban 6010No grade recorded
«كَانَ مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ يَقْتُلُونَ الْقَاتِلَ بِالْقَتِيلِ لَا تُقْبَلُ مِنْهُ الدِّيَةُ» فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ {يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيْكُمُ الْقِصَاصُ فِي الْقَتْلَى} إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ {ذَلِكَ تَخْفِيفٌ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَرَحْمَةٌ} يَقُولُ «فَخَفَّفَ عَنْكُمْ مَا كَانَ عَلَى مَنْ قَبْلَكُمْ أَيِ الدِّيَةَ لَمْ تَكُنْ تُقْبَلُ فَالَّذِي يَقْبَلُ الدِّيَةَ فَذَلِكَ عَفْوٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَيُؤَدِّي إِلَيْهِ الَّذِي عُفِيَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ بِإِحْسَانٍ»
✧ "Those before you used to kill the killer for the killed one, and blood money was not accepted from him." Then Allah revealed: {O you who believe, retaliation is prescribed for you in cases of murder} until the end of the verse: {That is a concession from your Lord and a mercy.} He said: "So He lightened for you what was upon those before you, i.e., blood money was not accepted. The one who accepts blood money, that is pardoning, so follow up with kindness and payment to him by the one pardoned from his brother with goodness."
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا افْتَتَحَ مَكَّةَ قَالَ «لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ صَدَقَ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ أَلَا إِنَّ كُلَّ مَأْثُرَةٍ تَحْتَ قَدَمَيَّ هَاتَيْنِ إِلَّا السِّدَانَةَ وَالسِّقَايَةَ أَلَا إِنَّ قَتِيلَ الْخَطَإِ شِبْهِ الْعَمْدِ قَتِيلَ السَّوْطِ وَالْعَصَا دِيَةٌ مُغَلَّظَةٌ مِنْهَا أَرْبَعُونَ فِي بُطُونِهَا أَوْلَادُهَا»
✧ When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ conquered Makkah, he said: "There is no god but Allah; He fulfilled His promise, aided His servant, and defeated the confederates alone. Indeed, every privilege of the pre-Islamic era is under these two feet of mine, except the custodianship of the Ka'bah and providing water for pilgrims. Indeed, the one killed by mistake, resembling intentional, killed by a whip or stick, requires a heavy blood money: forty camels, among them pregnant ones."
«دِيَةُ الْيَدَيْنِ وَالرِّجْلَيْنِ سَوَاءٌ عَشَرَةٌ مِنَ الْإِبِلِ لِكُلِّ أُصْبُعٍ»
✧ "The blood money for the hands and the feet is equal: ten camels for each finger."
«الْأَصَابِعُ سَوَاءٌ» قُلْتُ عَشْرٌ عَشْرٌ؟ قَالَ «نَعَمْ»
✧ The fingers are equal. I said: Ten, ten? He said: Yes.
«الْأَسْنَانُ سَوَاءٌ وَالْأَصَابِعُ سَوَاءٌ»
✧ The teeth are equal and the fingers are equal.
«الْأَصَابِعُ سَوَاءٌ هَذِهِ وَهَذِهِ»
✧ The fingers are equal, this and this.
أَنَّ امْرَأَتَيْنِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ رَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى فَطَرَحَتْ جَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِغُرَّةٍ «عَبْدٍ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٍ»
✧ Two women of Hudhayl threw at each other, and one of them miscarried her fetus, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for it with a ghurrah: a male or female slave.
أَنَّ امْرَأَةً مِنْ بَنِي لِحْيَانَ ضَرَبَتْ أُخْرَى كَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَأَمْلَصَتْ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي إِمْلَاصِ الْمَرْأَةِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوِ أَمَةٍ قَالَ فَتُوُفِّيَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي عَلَيْهَا الْعَقْلُ «فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ الْعَقْلَ عَلَى عَصَبَتِهَا وَأَنَّ مِيرَاثَهَا لِزَوْجِهَا وَابْنِهَا»
✧ A woman of Banu Lihyan struck another who was pregnant, and she miscarried. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for the woman's miscarriage with a ghurrah: a male or female slave. He said: The woman on whom the blood money was due died, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled that the blood money was upon her male relatives and that her inheritance was for her husband and her son.
كَانَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ ضَرَّتَانِ فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ فَمَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى الْعَاقِلَةِ الدِّيَةَ فَقَالَتْ عَمَّتُهَا إِنَّهَا قَدْ أَسْقَطَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ غُلَامًا قَدْ نَبَتَ شَعْرُهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو الْقَاتِلَةِ إِنَّهَا كَاذِبَةٌ إِنَّهُ وَاللَّهِ مَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلْ فَمِثْلُهُ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ «سَجْعَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ غُرَّةٌ» قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ «اسْمُ إِحْدَاهُمَا مُلَيْكَةُ وَالْأُخْرَى أُمُّ غُطَيْفٍ»
✧ There were two co-wives. One of them threw a stone at the other, and the woman died. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled the blood money upon the 'aqilah. Her paternal aunt said: She miscarried, O Messenger of Allah, a boy whose hair had grown. The father of the killer said: She is lying. By Allah, he did not cry out, nor drink, nor eat, so should one like him be left unavenged? The Prophet ﷺ said: The rhymed prose of the Jahiliyyah - a ghurrah. Ibn 'Abbas said: The name of one of them was Mulaykah and the other Umm Ghutayf.
اقْتَتَلَتِ امْرَأَتَانِ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ فَرَمَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى بِحَجَرٍ فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَاخْتَصَمُوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ «فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنَّ دِيَةَ جَنِينِهَا غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ وَلِيدَةٌ وَقَضَى بِدِيَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهَا وَيَرِثُهَا وَلَدُهَا وَمَنْ تَبِعَهُمْ» فَقَالَ حَمَلُ بْنُ النَّابِغَةِ أَنَدِي يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ كَيْفَ أَغْرَمُ مَنْ لَا أَكَلَ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا نَطَقَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ فَمِثْلُ هَذَا يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ «إِنَّمَا هَذَا مِنْ أَحْدَاثِ الْكُهَّانِ» مِنْ أَجْلِ سَجْعِهِ الَّذِي سَجَعَ
Two women from Hudhail fought with each other and one of them hit the other with a stone that killed her and what was in her womb. The relatives of the killer and the relatives of the victim submitted their case to the Prophet ﷺ who judged that the Diya for the fetus was a male or female slave, and the Diya for the killed woman was to be paid by the 'Asaba (near relatives) of the killer. (Using translation from Bukhārī 6910)
أَنَّ عُمَرَ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ نَاشَدَ النَّاسَ فِي الْجَنِينِ فَقَامَ حَمَلُ بْنُ مَالِكِ بْنِ النَّابِغَةِ فَقَالَ «كُنْتُ بَيْنَ امْرَأَتَيْنِ فَضَرَبَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا الْأُخْرَى فَقَتَلَتْهَا وَجَنِينَهَا فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ وَأَنْ تُقْتَلَ بِهَا»
✧ Umar, ؓ, adjured the people about the fetus. Hamal b. Malik b. al-Nabighah stood and said: I was between two of my wives, and one of them struck the other and killed her and her fetus. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for it with a ghurrah: a male or female slave, and that she be executed for her.
«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَنِينِ بِغُرَّةِ عَبْدٍ أَوْ أَمَةٍ أَوْ فَرَسٍ أَوْ بَغْلٍ فَقَالَ الَّذِي قَضَى عَلَيْهِ أَنَعْقِلُ مَنْ لَا أَكَلْ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا صَاحَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ مِثْلُ ذَلِكَ يُطَلُّ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ » إِنَّ هَذَا لَيَقُولُ بِقَوْلِ شَاعِرٍ فِيهِ غُرَّةٌ عَبْدٌ أَوْ أَمَةٌ أَوْ فَرَسٌ أَوْ بَغْلٌ
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for the fetus with a ghurrah: a male or female slave, or a horse, or a mule. The one against whom it was ruled said: Should we pay blood money for one who did not eat, nor drink, nor cry out, nor make a sound? Should one like him be left unavenged? The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: This one speaks with the speech of a poet. For it is a ghurrah: a male or female slave, or a horse, or a mule.
كَانَتْ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ هُذَيْلٍ امْرَأَتَانِ فَغَارَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَرَمَتْهَا بِفِهْرٍ أَوْ عَمُودِ فُسْطَاطٍ فَأَسْقَطَتْ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَضَى فِيهِ بِغُرَّةٍ فَقَالَ وَلِيُّهَا أَنَدِي مَنْ لَا صَاحَ وَلَا اسْتَهَلَّ وَلَا شَرِبَ وَلَا أَكَلْ؟ فَقَالَ ﷺ «أَسَجْعٌ كَسَجْعِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ؟ » وَجَعَلَهَا عَلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَرْأَةِ
✧ There was a man from these people who had two wives. One of them became jealous of the other and threw her with a stone or a stick of chaff, causing her to miscarry. This matter was brought to the attention of the Prophet ﷺ, who made a sudden judgment in it and said, "Should the child bear the consequences of one who neither shouted, nor pleaded, nor drank, nor ate?" He said ﷺ, "Is this not a crime like the crimes of the pre-Islamic era?" And he placed it upon the guardians of the woman