37. Joint Ownership
«الشُّفْعَةُ فِي كُلِّ رَبْعَةٍ أَوْ حَائِطٍ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَتَّى يَعْرِضَ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ وَإِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ»
✧ Preemption applies to every dwelling or walled garden. It is not lawful for him to sell until he offers it to his partner; if he wishes, he may take it, and if he wishes, he may leave it.
«مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ شَرِيكٌ فِي رَبْعَةٍ أَوْ نَخْلٍ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَ حَتَّى يُؤْذِنَ شَرِيكَهُ فَإِنْ رَضِيَ أَخَذَ وَإِنْ كَرِهَ تَرَكَ»
✧ Whoever has a partner in a dwelling or palm trees, he has no right to sell until he notifies his partner. If he is pleased, he may take it; if he dislikes it, he may leave it.
«الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ»
✧ The neighbor has more right to his adjacent property.
«كُنْتُ مَعَ سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ وَالْمِسْوَرِ بْنِ مَخْرَمَةَ فَجَاءَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ لِسَعْدِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ اشْتَرِ مِنِّي بَيْتَيَّ اللَّذَيْنِ فِي دَارِكَ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ مُنَجَّمَةٍ أَوْ قَالَ مُقَطَّعَةٍ فَقَالَ أَمَا وَاللَّهِ لَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ » الْجَارُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ مَا بِعْتُكَهَا لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ بِهَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ «
✧ I was with Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ and al-Miswar b. Makhrama when Abū Rāfiʿ, the freedman of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, came and said to Saʿd b. Mālik: “Buy from me my two houses that are in your compound.” He said: “No, except for four thousand in installments” or he said “in portions.” He said: “By Allah, had I not heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘The neighbor has more right to his adjacent property,’ I would not have sold them to you. I was offered five hundred dinars for them.”
جَارُ الدَّارِ أَحَقُّ بِالدَّارِ
✧ The neighbor of a house has more right to the house.
Sahih Ibn Hibban 5183No grade recorded
وَقَفْتُ عَلَى سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ فَجَاءَ الْمِسْوَرُ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ عَلَى أَحَدِ مَنْكِبَيَّ إِذْ جَاءَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ مَوْلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ يَا سَعْدُ ابْتَعْ مِنِّي بَيْتِي فِي دَارِكَ فَقَالَ سَعْدُ لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا أَبْتَاعُهُمَا فَقَالَ الْمِسْوَرُ وَاللَّهِ لَتَبْتَاعَنَّهُمَا فَقَالَ سَعْدٌ وَاللَّهِ لَا أَزِيدُكَ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ آلَافٍ مُنَجَّمَةٍ أَوْ مُقَطَّعَةٍ فَقَالَ أَبُو رَافِعٍ وَاللَّهِ لَقَدْ أُعْطِيتُ بِهَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ وَلَوْلَا أَنِّي سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ «الْمَرْءُ أَحَقُّ بِسَقَبِهِ» مَا أَعْطَيْتُكَهُمَا بِأَرْبَعَةِ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَأَنَا أُعْطَى بِهِمَا خَمْسَ مِائَةِ دِينَارٍ
✧ I stood before Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ, and al-Miswar b. Makhrama came and placed his hand on one of my shoulders when Abū Rāfiʿ, the freedman of the Prophet ﷺ, came and said: “O Saʿd, buy from me my houses in your compound.” Saʿd said: “No, by Allah, I will not buy them.” Al-Miswar said: “By Allah, you must buy them.” Saʿd said: “By Allah, I will not give you more than four thousand in installments” or “in portions.” Abū Rāfiʿ said: “By Allah, I was offered five hundred dinars for them. Had I not heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say, ‘A man has more right to his adjacent property,’ I would not have given them to you for four thousand dirhams while I was being offered five hundred dinars for them.”
«إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ال شُّفْعَةَ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ only established preemption in every property that has not been divided. Once boundaries are set and roads are laid out, there is no preemption.
«الشُّفْعَةُ فِيمَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
✧ Preemption applies to what has not been divided. Once boundaries are set and roads are laid out, there is no preemption.
Sahih Ibn Hibban 5186No grade recorded
«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي ال شُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَا لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled for preemption in everything that has not been divided. Once boundaries are set and roads are laid out, there is no preemption.
Sahih Ibn Hibban 5187No grade recorded
«قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِال شُّفْعَةِ فِي كُلِّ مَالٍ لَمْ يُقْسَمْ فَإِذَا وَقَعَتِ الْحُدُودُ وَصُرِفَتِ الطُّرُقُ فَلَا شُفْعَةَ»
✧ The Messenger of Allah ﷺ decreed preemption in every property that has not been divided, but when boundaries are set and roads are made, there is no preemption.