al-Mu'jam al-Kabir (al-Tabarani) 10737
Ibn Masud ᴿᴬ
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حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ صَالِحٍ ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ وَعَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يُوسُفَ قَالَا ثنا ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ
كَانَتِ الْقَسَامَةُ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حِجَازًا بَيْنَ النَّاسِ وَكَانَ مَنْ حَلَفَ عَلَى يَمِينٍ صَبْرٍ أَثِمَ فِيهَا أُرِيَ عُقُوَبةً مِنَ اللهِ يُنَكَّلُ بِهَا مِنَ الْجُرْأَةِ عَلَى الْمَحَارِمِ فَكَانُوا يَتَوَرَّعُونَ عَنْ أَيْمَانِ الصَّبْرِ وَيَخَافُونَهَا فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ أَقَرَّ الْقَسَامَةَ وَكَانَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ هُمْ أَهْيَبَ لَهَا؛ لِمَا عَلَّمَهُمُ اللهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَضَى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِالْقَسَامَةِ بَيْنَ حَيَّيْنِ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْ مُحَيِّصَةَ فَأَنْكَرَتِ الْيَهُودُ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ الْيَهُودَ لِقَسَامَتِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّهُمُ الَّذِينَ ادَّعَوُا الدَّمَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ أَنْ يُحَلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّهُمْ لَبَرَاءٌ مِنْ قَتْلِهِ فَنَكَلَتْ يَهُودُ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بَنِي حَارِثَةَ فَأَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُحَلِّفُوا خَمْسِينَ يَمِينًا خَمْسِينَ رَجُلًا أَنَّ يَهُودَ قَتَلَتْهُ غِيلَةً وَيَسْتَحِقُّونَ بِذَلِكَ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهُ الَّذِي قَتَلَ صَاحِبَهُمْ فَنَكَلَتْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ عَنِ الْأَيْمَانِ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَضَى بِعَقْلِهِ عَلَى يَهُودَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ وُجِدَ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ وَفِي دِيَارِهِمْ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- Yaḥyá b. ʿUthmān b. Ṣāliḥ
- Abū Ṣāliḥ and ʿAbd Allāh b. Yūsuf
- Ibn Lahīʿah
- Yazīd b. Abū Ḥabīb
- Ibn Shihāb
- ʿUbaydullāh b. ʿAbdullāh b. ʿUtbah
- Ibn ʿAbbās
✧ Qasama in pre-Islamic times served as a barrier between people, and whoever swore a decisive oath in which he was sinful would be shown a punishment from Allah by which he would be made an example, due to his audacity against sacred things. So they used to be cautious about decisive oaths and fear them. When Allah sent Muhammad ﷺ, he confirmed qasama, and the Muslims held it in greater awe because of what Allah had taught them about that. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ruled by qasama between two clans of the Ansar called Banu Haritha. That was because some Jews killed Muhayyisa and the Jews denied it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned the Jews for their qasama, because they were the ones who claimed the blood, and he commanded them to have fifty men swear fifty oaths that they were innocent of his killing. The Jews declined to swear the oaths. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ summoned Banu Haritha and commanded them to have fifty men swear fifty oaths that the Jews had killed him treacherously, and that they were entitled thereby to what they claimed from the one who killed their companion. Banu Haritha declined the oaths. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ saw that, he ruled that his blood money was owed by the Jews, because he was found among them and in their dwellings.
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