Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 5256

✧ Fighting the people of rebellion

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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، ثَنَا سَالِمٌ الْمُرَادِيُّ أَبُو الْعَلَاءِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ ؓ يَقُولُ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ عَلِيٌّ ؓ الْبَصْرَةَ فِي أَمْرِ طَلْحَةَ وَأَصْحَابِهِ ؓ، قَامَ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ الْكَوَّاءِ، وَابْنُ عُبَادٍ، فَقَالَا: يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ، أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ مَسِيرِكَ هَذَا، أَوَصِيَّةً أَوْصَاكَ بِهَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ، أَمْ عَهْدًا عَهِدَهُ عِنْدَكَ، أَوْ رَأْيًا رَأَيْتَهُ حِينَ تَفَرَّقَتِ الْأُمَّةُ، وَاخْتَلَفَتْ كَلِمَتُهَا ؟ فَقَالَ ؓ: مَا أَكُونُ أَوَّلَ كَاذِبٍ عَلَيْهِ ﷺ، وَاللهِ مَا مَاتَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ مَوْتَ فَجْأَةٍ، وَلَا قُتِلَ قَتْلًا، وَلَقَدْ مَكَثَ ﷺ فِي مَرَضِهِ، كُلَّ ذَلِكَ يَأْتِيهِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، فَيُؤْذِنُهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ، فَيَقُولُ ﷺ:

مُرُوا أَبَا بَكْرٍ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ، وَلَقَدْ تَرَكَنِي وَهُوَ ﷺ يَرَى مَكَانِي، وَلَوْ عَهِدَ إِلَيَّ شَيْئًا لَقُمْتُ بِهِ، حَتَّى عَارَضَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ نِسَائِهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَتْ: إِنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ رَجُلٌ رَقِيقٌ إِذَا قَامَ مَقَامَكَ لَمْ يُسْمِعِ النَّاسَ، فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ عُمَرَ ؓ فَلْيُصَلِّ بِالنَّاسِ، فَقَالَ ﷺ: إِنَّكُنَّ صَوَاحِبُ يُوسُفَ، فَلَمَّا قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ نَظَرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فِي أَمْرِهِمْ، فَإِذَا رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَدْ وَلَّى أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ أَمْرَ دِينِهِمْ، فَوَلَّوْهُ أَمْرَ دُنْيَاهُمْ، فَبَايَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَبَايَعْتُهُ مَعَهُمْ، فَكُنْتُ أَغْزُو إِذَا أَغْزَانِي وَآخُذُ إِذَا أَعْطَانِي، وَكُنْتُ سَوْطًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ؓ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ، فَلَوْ كَانَ مُحَابَاةً عِنْدَ حُضُورِ مَوْتِهِ ؓ لَجَعَلَهَا فِي وَلَدِهِ، فَأَشَارَ بِعُمَرَ ؓ، وَلَمْ يَأْلُ، فَبَايَعَهُ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، وَبَايَعْتُهُ مَعَهُمْ، وَكُنْتُ أَغْزُو إِذَا أَغْزَانِي وَآخُذُ إِذَا أَعْطَانِي، وَكُنْتُ سَوْطًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ؓ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ، فَلَوْ كَانَتْ مُحَابَاةً عِنْدَ حُضُورِ مَوْتِهِ ؓ لَجَعَلَهَا فِي وَلَدِهِ، وَكَرِهَ أَنْ يَتَخَيَّرَ مِنْ مَعْشَرِ قُرَيْشٍ رَجُلًا، فَيُوَلِّيهِ أَمْرَ الْأُمَّةِ، فَلَا يَكُونُ فِيهِ إِسَاءَةٌ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ إِلَّا لَحِقَتْ عُمَرَ ؓ فِي قَبْرِهِ، فَاخْتَارَ مِنَّا سِتَّةً. أَنَا فِيهِمْ، لِنَخْتَارَ لِلْأُمَّةِ رَجُلًا، فَلَمَّا اجْتَمَعْنَا وَثَبَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ ؓ، فَوَهَبَ لَنَا نَصِيبَهُ مِنْهَا عَلَى أَنْ نُعْطِيَهُ مَوَاثِيقًا عَلَى أَنْ يَخْتَارَ مِنَ الْخَمْسَةِ رَجُلًا فَيُوَلِّيَهُ أَمْرَ الْأُمَّةِ، فَأَعْطَيْنَاهُ مَوَاثِيقَنَا، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ عُثْمَانَ ؓ فَبَايَعَهُ، وَلَقَدْ عَرَضَ فِي نَفْسِي عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ، فَلَمَّا نَظَرْتُ فِي أَمْرِي، فَإِذَا عَهْدِي قَدْ سَبَقَ بَيْعَتِي، فَبَايَعْتُ وَسَلَّمْتُ، وَكُنْتُ أَغْزُو إِذَا أَغْزَانِي وَآخُذُ إِذَا أَعْطَانِي، وَكُنْتُ سَوْطًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ ؓ فِي إِقَامَةِ الْحُدُودِ، فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ نَظَرْتُ فِي أَمْرِي، فَإِذَا الْمَوْثِقَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ فِي عُنُقِي لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرَ ؓ قَدِ انْجَلَتْ، وَإِذَا الْعَهْدُ لِعُثْمَانَ ؓ قَدْ وَفَّيْتُ بِهِ، وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لَيْسَ لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدِي دَعْوَى، وَلَا طَلِبَةٌ، فَوَثَبَ فِيهَا مَنْ لَيْسَ مِثْلِي، ( يَعْنِي: مُعَاوِيَةَ ؓ ) لَا قَرَابَتُهُ قَرَابَتِي، وَلَا عِلْمُهُ كَعِلْمِي، وَلَا سَابِقَتُهُ كَسَابِقَتِي، وَكُنْتُ أَحَقَّ بِهَا مِنْهُ، قَالَا: صَدَقْتَ، فَأَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ قِتَالِكَ هَذَيْنِ الرَّجُلَيْنِ، ( يَعْنِيَانِ: طَلْحَةَ وَالزُّبَيْرَ ؓ ) صَاحِبَاكَ فِي الْهِجْرَةِ، وَصَاحِبَاكَ فِي بَيْعَةِ الرِّضْوَانِ، وَصَاحِبَاكَ فِي الْمَشُورَةِ، فَقَالَ ؓ: بَايَعَانِي بِالْمَدِينَةِ، وَخَالَفَانِي بِالْبَصْرَةِ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ خَلَعَهُ لَقَاتَلْنَاهُ، وَلَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مِمَّنْ بَايَعَ عُمَرَ ؓ خَلَعَهُ لَقَاتَلْنَاهُ.

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Isḥāq
  2. ʿAbdah b. Sulaymān
  3. Sālim al-Murādī Abū al-ʿAlāʾ
  4. al-Ḥasan
  5. Lammā Qadim ʿAlī al-Baṣrah Fī Amr Ṭalḥah And ʾAṣḥābih Qām ʿAbdullāh b. al-Kawwāʾ Wāb. ʿUbād
  6. Yā Amīr al-Muʾminīn Akhbirnā
  7. Masīrik Hadhā Awaṣiyyah Awṣāk Bihā Rasūl Allāh ﷺ Am ʿAhd ʿAhidah ʿIndak Aw Raʾy Raʾaytah Ḥīn Tafarraqat al-Ummah Wākhtalafat Kalimatuhā
  8. Mā Akūn Awwal Kādhib ʿAlayh ﷺ Wa-al-Lh Mā Māt Rasūl Allāh ﷺ Mawt Fajʾah Walā Qutil Qatl Walaqad Makath ﷺ Fī Maraḍih Kul Dhalik Yaʾtīh al-Muʾadhhin Fayuʾdhinuh Bi-al-Ṣṣalāh
  9. ﷺ

✧ "Tell Abu Bakr to lead the people in prayer." And he ﷺ left me while seeing my place; had he entrusted me with anything, I would have carried it out, until one of his wives ﷺ objected, saying, "Abu Bakr ؓ is a tender-hearted man; if he stands in your place, the people will not hear him. If only you would order Umar ؓ to lead the people in prayer." The Prophet ﷺ said, "You are like the women of Joseph." When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed away, the Muslims looked into their affair, and indeed the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had entrusted Abu Bakr ؓ with the matter of their religion, so they entrusted him with the matter of their worldly affairs. The Muslims pledged allegiance to him, and I pledged allegiance with them. I would go on expeditions when he sent me, take when he gave me, and I was a whip before him ؓ in establishing the prescribed punishments. Had there been any favoritism at the time of his death ؓ, he would have put it in his own son, but he pointed to Umar ؓ, and he did not fail. The Muslims pledged allegiance to him, and I pledged allegiance with them. I would go on expeditions when he sent me, take when he gave me, and I was a whip before him ؓ in establishing the prescribed punishments. Had there been any favoritism at the time of his death ؓ, he would have put it in his own son. But he disliked choosing one man from the tribe of Quraysh and appointing him over the community's affair, for then any evil after him would attach to Umar ؓ in his grave. So he chose six from among us, I being one of them, to select a man for the community. When we gathered, Abd al-Rahman b. Awf ؓ jumped up and gave up his share in it on condition that we give him pledges that he would choose one of the five and appoint him over the community's affair. We gave him our pledges, and he took Uthman ؓ by the hand and gave him allegiance. Something came into my mind at that, but when I considered my affair, I found that my covenant had preceded my pledge, so I pledged and submitted. I would go on expeditions when he sent me, take when he gave me, and I was a whip before him ؓ in establishing the prescribed punishments. When Uthman ؓ was killed, I looked into my affair, and the pledge that had been on my neck for Abu Bakr and Umar ؓ was released, and the covenant to Uthman ؓ I had fulfilled. I am a man of the Muslims; no one has a claim or a demand against me. Then one who is not like me jumped into it—meaning Muawiyah ؓ—whose kinship is not my kinship, whose knowledge is not like my knowledge, and whose precedence is not like my precedence. I was more entitled to it than him. The two said: You have spoken truth. Tell us about your fighting these two men—meaning Talhah and al-Zubayr ؓ—your companions in the Hijrah, your companions in the Pledge of Ridwan, and your companions in the consultative council. He ؓ said: They pledged allegiance to me in Madinah and opposed me in Basrah. If a man who pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr ؓ had deposed him, we would have fought him; and if a man who pledged allegiance to Umar ؓ had deposed him, we would have fought him.

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