al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2300
✧ Prohibition of applying the name martyr to mere killing
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وَقَالَ الْحَارِثُ: حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، ثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَ: أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الطَّائِيُّ قَالَ:
إِنَّ نَاسًا، كَانُوا بِالْكُوفَةِ مَعَ ابْنِ الْمُخْتَارِ - يَعْنِي وَالِدَ الْمُخْتَارِ بْنِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ، حَيْثُ قُتِلَ بِجِسْرِ أَبِي عُبَيْدٍ - قَالَ: فَقُتِلُوا إِلَّا رَجُلَيْنِ حُمِلَا عَلَى الْعَدْوِ بِأَسْيَافِهِمَا، فَأَفْرَجُوا لَهُمَا فَنَجَيَا، أَوْ ثَلَاثَةً فَأَتَوُا الْمَدِينَةَ، فَخَرَجَ عُمَرُ ؓ وَهُمْ قُعُودٌ يَذْكُرُونَهُمْ، فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: عَمَّ قُلْتُمْ لَهُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: اسْتَغْفَرْنَا لَهُمْ وَدَعَوْنَا لَهُمْ. قَالَ ؓ: لَتُحَدِّثُنِّي بِمَا قُلْتُمْ لَهُمْ أَوْ لَتَلْقَوْنَ مِنِّي فُتُوحًا. قَالُوا: إِنَّا قُلْنَا: إِنَّهُمْ شُهَدَاءُ. قَالَ: وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْحَقِّ، وَالَّذِي لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، مَا تَعْلَمُ نَفْسٌ حَيَّةٌ مَاذَا عِنْدَ اللهِ لِنَفْسِ مَيِّتَةٍ، إِلَّا نَبِيُّ اللهِ، فَإِنَّ اللهَ تَعَالَى غَفَرَ لَهُ مَا تَقَدَّمَ مِنْ ذَنْبِهِ وَمَا تَأَخَّرَ، وَالَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُهُ، وَالَّذِي بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا بِالْحَقِّ، وَالَّذِي لَا تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ يُقَاتِلُ رِيَاءً وَيُقَاتِلُ حَمِيَّةً، وَيُقَاتِلُ يُرِيدُ الدُّنْيَا وَيُقَاتِلُ يُرِيدُ الْمَالَ، وَمَا لِلَّذِينَ يُقَاتِلُونَ عِنْدَ اللهِ إِلَّا مَا فِي نُفُوسِهِمْ
Translation
Chain of narrators
- al-Ḥārith
- Yaḥyá
- Shuʿbah
- ʿAmr b. Murrah
- Abū al-Bakhtarī al-Ṭāʾī
✧ Some people were in Kufa with Ibn al-Mukhtar (meaning the father of al-Mukhtar b. Abi 'Ubayd) when he was killed at the bridge of Abu 'Ubayd. He said: They were all killed except two men who charged the enemy with their swords, and they made way for them, so they escaped, or three. They came to Madinah, and 'Umar ؓ came out while they were sitting and mentioning them. 'Umar ؓ said: What did you say about them? They said: We sought forgiveness for them and prayed for them. He ؓ said: You must tell me what you said about them, or you will face severe consequences from me. They said: We said that they are martyrs. He said: By the One besides whom there is no god, and by the One who sent Muhammad with the truth, and by the One without whose permission the Hour will not come, no living soul knows what God has for a dead soul, except the Prophet of God, for God Almighty has forgiven him his past and future sins. By the One besides whom there is no god, and by the One who sent Muhammad with the truth, and by the One without whose permission the Hour will not come, a man fights for show, fights out of zeal, fights seeking this world, and fights seeking wealth. And those who fight will have nothing with God except that which is in their hearts.
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What scholars said about it
In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.
- Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī
رجاله ثقات إلا أنه منقطع
machine translationIts narrators are trustworthy (thiqāt), except that it is disconnected (munqaṭiʿ).
in المطالب العالية, p. 2300
Narrators
- Commander of the Faithful (amīr al-muʾminīn), well-known, of abundant virtues (jamm al-manāqib)d. 23 AH, also said: 24 AHعُمَر بْن الْخَطَّابأمير المؤمنين مشهور جم المناقبفقال
- trustworthy (thiqah), firm (thabt), there is a little Shīʿism in him, frequently narrates mursald. 81 AH or 82 AH or 83 AHأَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ الطَّائِيُّثقة ثبت، فيه تشيع قليل، كثير الإرسالأخبرني
- Trustworthy (thiqah), devout; he did not practice concealment (tadlīs), and he was accused of Irjāʾd. 118 AH, also said: before itعَمْرُو بْنُ مُرَّةَثقة عابد كان لا يدلس ورمي بالإرجاءقال
- Trustworthy (thiqah), a retentive memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), meticulous (mutqin)d. 160 AHشُعْبَةُثقة حافظ , متقنحدثنا
- trustworthy (thiqah), meticulous (mutqin), a memorizer (ḥāfiẓ), an imam and exemplar (qudwah)d. 198 AHيَحْيَىثقة متقن حافظ ، إمام قدوةحدثنا
- d. 279 AH or 282 AHالْحَارِثُ
Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com
Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.