Dalil
العربية

al-Matalib al-'Aliyah 2167

✧ Every Intoxicant Is Forbidden and the Explanation of al-Tila' and al-Khalit

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قَالَ إِسْحَاقُ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْمُقْرِي، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زِيَادِ بْنِ أَنْعُمَ، عَنِ ابْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ بْنِ وَهْبٍ الْخَوْلَانِيِّ، قَالَ:

كُنْتُ مَعَ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ بِالشَّامِ، فَقَالَ أَهْلُ الذِّمَّةِ: إِنَّكَ كَلَّفْتَنَا أَوْ فَرَضْتَ عَلَيْنَا أَنْ نَرْزُقَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ الْعَسَلَ وَلَا نَجِدُهُ ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ ؓ: إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِذَا دَخَلُوا أَرْضًا فَلَمْ يُوَطَّنُوا فِيهَا اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ أَنْ يَشْرَبُوا الْمَاءَ الْقُرَاحَ، فَلَا بُدَّ لَهُمْ مِمَّا يُصْلِحُهُمْ. فَقَالُوا: إِنَّ عِنْدَنَا شَرَابًا نَصْنَعُهُ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ شَيْئًا يُشْبِهُ الْعَسَلَ، قَالَ: فَأْتُوا بِهِ. فَأَتَوْا بِهِ، فَجَعَلَ ؓ يَرْفَعُهُ بِأُصْبُعِهِ فَيَمُدُّهُ كَهَيْئَةِ الْعَسَلِ، فَقَالَ: كَأَنَّ هَذَا طِلَاءُ الْإِبِلِ. فَدَعَى ؓ بِمَاءٍ فَصَبَّ عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ خَفَضَ، فَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ وَشَرِبَ أَصْحَابُهُ. وَقَالَ: مَا أَطْيَبَ هَذَا فَارْزُقُوا الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِنْهُ. فَرَزَقُوهُمْ مِنْهُ، فَلَبِثَ مَا شَاءَ اللهُ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَجُلًا خَدِرَ مِنْهُ، فَقَامَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ فَضَرَبُوهُ بِنِعَالِهِمْ، وَقَالُوا: سَكْرَانُ. فَقَالَ الرَّجُلُ: لَا تَقْتُلُونِي، فَوَاللهِ مَا شَرِبْتُ إِلَّا الَّذِي رَزَقَنَا عُمَرُ ؓ. فَقَامَ عُمَرُ ؓ بَيْنَ ظَهْرَانَيِ النَّاسِ فَقَالَ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ لَسْتُ أُحِلُّ حَلَالًا وَلَا أُحَرِّمُ حَرَامًا، وَإِنَّ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ قُبِضَ وَرُفِعَ الْوَحْيُ. فَأَخَذَ عُمَرُ ؓ بِثَوْبِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَبْرَأُ إِلَى اللهِ تَعَالَى مِنْ هَذَا أَنْ أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ حَرَامًا، فَاتْرُكُوهُ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ النَّاسُ فِيهِ دُخُولًا، وَقَدْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ، فَدَعُوهُ ثُمَّ كَانَ عُثْمَانُ ؓ يَصْنَعُهُ، ثُمَّ كَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ ؓ يَشْرَبُ الْحُلْوَ

Translation

Chain of narrators
  1. Isḥāq
  2. ʿAbdullāh b. Yazīd al-Muqrī
  3. ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. Ziyād b. Anʿum
  4. Ibn Yasār
  5. Sufyān b. And Hb al-Khawlānī

✧ I was with Umar b. al-Khattab ؓ in Syria. The people of the covenant said: 'You have burdened us—or imposed upon us—that we supply the Muslims with honey, and we cannot find it.' Umar ؓ said: 'Indeed, when the Muslims enter a land and are not settled there, it is hard for them to drink plain water, so they must have something to make it palatable.' They said: 'We have a drink we make from grapes, something resembling honey.' He said: 'Then bring it.' They brought it, and he ؓ began lifting it with his finger and stretching it like honey. He said: 'This is like the tar of camels.' Then he ؓ called for water and poured it over it, then he lowered it and drank from it, and his companions drank. He said: 'How good this is! So supply the Muslims with it.' They supplied them with it. It remained as long as Allah willed, then a man became numb from it. The Muslims rose and beat him with their sandals, saying: 'A drunkard!' The man said: 'Do not kill me, for by Allah I drank nothing but what Umar ؓ supplied us.' Umar ؓ stood among the people and said: 'O people, I am only a human being; I do not make lawful what is lawful, nor make unlawful what is unlawful. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was taken, and revelation was lifted.' Then Umar ؓ took hold of his garment and said: 'I declare my innocence before Allah, the Exalted, of making unlawful things lawful for you, so leave it, for I fear that people will enter into it deeply. I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: "Every intoxicant is unlawful." So leave it.' Then Uthman ؓ used to make it, then Mu'awiyah ؓ used to drink the sweet (unfermented) kind.

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