Muwatta' Malik 2-90

Translation

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd arRahman ibn al-Qasim from his father that A'isha umm al-muminin said, "We went out on a journey with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and, when we came to Bayda' or Dhat al-Jaysh, a necklace of mine broke. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stopped to look for it and the people stopped with him. There was no water nearby and the people were not carrying any with them, so they came to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and said, 'Don't you see what A'isha has done? She has made the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the people stop when there is no water nearby and they are not carrying any with them.' " A'isha continued, "Abu Bakr came and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had fallen asleep with his head on my thigh. Abu Bakr said, 'You have made the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and the people stop when there is no water nearby and they are not carrying any with them ' " She continued, "Abu Bakr remonstrated with me and said whatever Allah willed him to say, and began to poke me in the waist. The only thing that stopped me from moving was that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had his head on my thigh. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ slept until morning found him with no water. Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, sent down the ayat of tayammum and so they did tayammum. Usayd ibn Hudayr said, 'This is not the first baraka from you, O family of Abu Bakr.'" A'isha added, "We roused the camel I had been on and found the necklace under it." Malik was asked whether a man who did tayammum for one prayer should do tayammum when the time of the next prayer came or whether the first tayammum was enough. He said, "No, he does tayammum for every prayer, because he has to look for water for every prayer. If he looks for it and does not find it then he does tayammum." Malik was asked whether a man who did tayammum could lead others in prayer if they were in wudu. He said, "I prefer that someone else should lead them. However, I see no harm in it if he does lead them in prayer." Yahya said that Malik said that a man who did tayammum because he could not find any water, and then stood and said the takbir and entered into the prayer, and then someone came with some water, did not stop his prayer but completed it with tayammum and did wudu for future prayers. Yahya said that Malik said, "Whoever rises for prayer and does not find water and so does what Allah has ordered him to do of tayammum has obeyed Allah. Someone who does find water is neither purer than him nor more perfect in prayer, because both have been commanded and each does as Allah has commanded. What Allah has commanded as far as wudu is concerned is for the one who finds water, and tayammum is for the one who does not find water before he enters into the prayer." Malik said that a man who was in a state of major ritual impurity could do tayammum and read his portion of Qur'an and do voluntary prayers as long as he did not find any water. This applied only to circumstances in which it was allowable to pray with tayammum.

Notes

• قَالَ يَحْيَى: سُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَيَمَّمَ لِصَلَاةٍ حَضَرَتْ، ثُمَّ حَضَرَتْ صَلَاةٌ أُخْرَى، أَيَتَيَمَّمُ لَهَا أَمْ يَكْفِيهِ تَيَمُّمُهُ ذلِكَ؟ فَقَالَ: بَلْ يَتَيَمَّمُ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ. لِأَنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَبْتَغِيَ الْمَاءَ لِكُلِّ صَلَاةٍ. فَمَنِ ابْتَغَى الْمَاءَ فَلَمْ يَجِدْهُ، فَإِنَّهُ يَتَيَمَّمُ. قَالَ: وَسُئِلَ مَالِكٌ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَيَمَّمَ، أَيَؤُمُّ أَصْحَابَهُ وَهُمْ عَلَى وُضُوءٍ؟ قَالَ: يَؤُمُّهُمْ غَيْرُهُ أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ. وَلَوْ أَمَّهُمْ هُوَ لَمْ أَرَ بِذلِكَ بَأْسًا. قَالَ يَحْيَى: قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي رَجُلٍ تَيَمَّمَ حِينَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً، فَقَامَ وَكَبَّرَ، وَدَخَلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ، فَطَلَعَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْسَانٌ مَعَهُ مَاءٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا يَقْطَعُ صَلَاتَهُ، بَلْ يُتِمُّهَا بِالتَّيَمُّمِ، وَلْيَتَوَضَّأْ لِمَا يُسْتَقْبَلُ مِنَ الصَّلَوَاتِ۔ قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ: مَنَ قَامَ إِلَى الصَّلَاةِ، فَلَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً، فَعَمِلَ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ التَّيَمُّمِ، فَقَدْ أَطَاعَ اللهَ. وَلَيْسَ الَّذِي وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ بِأَطْهَرَ مِنْهُ، وَلَا أَتَمَّ صَلَاةً. لِأَنَّهُمَا أُمِرَا جَمِيعًا. فَكُلٌّ عَمِلَ بِمَا أَمَرَهُ اللهُ بِهِ. وَإِنَّمَا الْعَمَلُ بِمَا أَمَرَ اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ الْوُضُوءِ، لِمَنْ وَجَدَ الْمَاءَ. وَالتَّيَمُّمِ لِمَنَ لَمْ يَجِدِ الْمَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ فِي الصَّلَاةِ. قَالَ يَحْيَى، قَالَ مَالِكٌ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْجُنُبِ: إِنَّهُ يَتَيَمَّمُ، وَيَقْرَأُ حِزْبَهُ مِنَ الْقُرْآنِ، وَيَتَنَفَّلُ، مَا لَمْ يَجِدْ مَاءً. وَإِنَّمَا ذلِكَ فِي الْمَكَانِ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يُصَلِّيَ فِيهِ بِالتَّيَمُّمِ.

Grades by grader

What scholars said about it

In their own words, as Hadith Unlocked records them. They are shown, not summarised into a grade.

• Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr

  هذا أصح حديث روي في هذا الباب

  in موطأ مالك, p. 110
• Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr

  وأما ما روي مرفوعا في التيمم إلى المرفقين وهذا لم يروه عن نافع أحد غير محمد بن ثابت هذا به يعرف ومن أجله يضعف وهو عندهم حديث منكر لا يعرفه أصحاب نافع

  in موطأ مالك, p. 110

Other narrations of this report

Sahih al-Bukhari 4583Sahih al-Bukhari 5882Sunan Abi Dawud 317Musannaf 'Abd al-Razzaq 887al-Sunan al-Kubra (al-Nasa'i) 308

Narrators

1. 1
   ʿĀʾishah bt. Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq

   Mother of the Believers, the most knowledgeable woman in jurisprudence absolutely (afqah al-nisāʾ muṭlaqan)d. 57 AH, or 58 AH
   عَائِشَةُ بِنْتُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِأم المؤمنين ، أفقه النساء مطلقا
   عن
2. 2
   al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr al-Ṣiddīq

   trustworthy (thiqah)d. 101 AH, or 102 AH, or 106 AH, or 107 AH, or 108 AH, or 109 AH, 112 AH, or 117 AH
   أَبِيهِثقة
   عن
3. 3
   ʿAbd al-Raḥman b. al-Qāsim b. Muḥammad b. Abī Bakr

   trustworthy (thiqah), eminentd. Ibn Saʿd said, and more than one: 126 AH. Khalīfah said likewise. He once said: died in the year 131 AH. Al-Fallās said likewise, and the first is more correct.
   عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْقَاسِمِثقة جليل
   عن
4. 4
   Mālik b. Anas

   The jurist (al-faqīh), the Imam of the Abode of Migration (Imām Dār al-Hijrah), the head of the proficient masters, and the foremost among the meticulous.d. 178 AH, or 179 AH
   مَالِكٌالفقيه ، إمام دار الهجرة ، رأس المتقنين ، وكبير المتثبتين

Who each narrator was and how reliable, from hdith.com

Latin names and English verdicts with a dotted underline are machine translations, not reviewed.