Sirat Ibn Hisham 645
What was revealed concerning the prohibition of the Muslims taking the Jews as intimates
[ أَمْرُهُمُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْبُخْلِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ كَرْدَمُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، حَلِيفُ كَعْبِ بْنِ الْأَشْرَفِ، وَأُسَامَةُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ، وَنَافِعُ بْنُ أَبِي نَافِعٍ، وَبَحْرِيُّ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَحُيَيُّ بْنُ أَخْطَبَ، وَرِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ التَّابُوتِ، يَأْتُونَ رِجَالًا مِنْ الْأَنْصَارِ كَانُوا يُخَالِطُونَهُمْ، يَنْتَصِحُونَ لَهُمْ، مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَيَقُولُونَ لَهُمْ: لَا تُنْفِقُوا أَمْوَالَكُمْ فَإِنَّا نَخْشَى عَلَيْكُمْ الْفَقْرَ فِي ذَهَابِهَا، وَلَا تُسَارِعُوا فِي النَّفَقَةِ فَإِنَّكُمْ لَا تَدْرُونَ عَلَامَ يَكُونُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ: الَّذِينَ يَبْخَلُونَ وَيَأْمُرُونَ النَّاسَ بِالْبُخْلِ وَيَكْتُمُونَ مَا آتَاهُمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ أَيْ مِنْ التَّوْرَاةِ، الَّتِي فِيهَا تَصْدِيقُ مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ وَأَعْتَدْنَا لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا وَالَّذِينَ يُنْفِقُونَ أَمْوَالَهُمْ رِئَاءَ النَّاسِ وَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَلَا بِالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ إلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَكَانَ اللَّهُ بِهِمْ عَلِيمًا [ جَحْدُهُمُ الْحَقَّ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَكَانَ رِفَاعَةُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ التَّابُوتِ مِنْ عُظَمَاءِ يَهُودَ، إذَا كَلَّمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَوَى لِسَانَهُ، وَقَالَ: أَرْعِنَا سَمْعَكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، حَتَّى نُفْهِمَكَ، ثُمَّ طَعَنَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ وَعَابَهُ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ: أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا نَصِيبًا مِنَ الْكِتَابِ يَشْتَرُونَ الضَّلَالَةَ وَيُرِيدُونَ أَنْ تَضِلُّوا السَّبِيلَ وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِأَعْدَائِكُمْ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَلِيًّا وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ نَصِيرًا مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَاسْمَعْ غَيْرَ مُسْمَعٍ وَرَاعِنَا ( أَيْ رَاعِنَا سَمْعَكَ ) لَيًّا بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَطَعْنًا فِي الدِّينِ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَاسْمَعْ وَانْظُرْنَا لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَقْوَمَ وَلَكِنْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا. وَكَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ رُؤَسَاءَ مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ، مِنْهُمْ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ صُورِيَّا الْأَعْوَرُ، وَكَعْبُ بْنُ أَسَدٍ. فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: يَا مَعْشَرَ يَهُودَ، اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَأَسْلِمُوا، فَوَاَللَّهِ إنَّكُمْ لَتَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ الَّذِي جِئْتُكُمْ بِهِ لَحَقٌّ قَالُوا: مَا نَعْرِفُ ذَلِكَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ: فَجَحَدُوا مَا عَرَفُوا، وَأَصَرُّوا عَلَى الْكُفْرِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيهِمْ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ آمِنُوا بِمَا نَزَّلْنَا مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا مَعَكُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ نَطْمِسَ وُجُوهًا فَنَرُدَّهَا عَلَى أَدْبَارِهَا أَوْ نَلْعَنَهُمْ كَمَا لَعَنَّا أَصْحَابَ السَّبْتِ وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ مَفْعُولًا. [ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: نَطْمِسَ: نَمْسَحَهَا فَنُسَوِّيهَا، فَلَا يُرَى فِيهَا عَيْنٌ وَلَا أَنْفٌ وَلَا فَمٌ، وَلَا شَيْءٌ مِمَّا يُرَى فِي الْوَجْهِ، وَكَذَلِكَ فَطَمَسْنَا أَعْيُنَهُمْ. الْمَطْمُوسُ الْعَيْنُ: الَّذِي لَيْسَ بَيْنَ جَفْنَيْهِ شِقٌّ. وَيُقَالُ: طَمَسْتُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْأَثَرَ، فَلَا يُرَى مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ. قَالَ الْأَخْطَلُ، وَاسْمُهُ الْغَوْثُ بْنُ هُبَيْرَةَ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ التَّغْلِبِيُّ، يَصِفُ إبِلًا كَلَّفَهَا مَا ذَكَرَ:: وتَكْلِيفُناها كُلَّ طَامِسَةٍ الصُّوَى شَطُونٍ تَرَى حِرْبَاءَهَا يَتَمَلْمَلُ وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: وَاحِدَةُ الصُّوَى: صُوَّةٌ. وَالصُّوَى: الْأَعْلَامُ الَّتِي يُسْتَدَلُّ بِهَا عَلَى الطُّرُقِ وَالْمِيَاهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: يَقُولُ: مُسِحَتْ فَاسْتَوَتْ بِالْأَرْضِ، فَلَيْسَ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ نَاتِئٌ
Translation
✧ [Their Commanding the Believers to Be Miserly] Ibn Isḥāq said: Kardam b. Qays, ally of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, and Usāma b. Ḥabīb, and Nāfiʿ b. Abī Nāfiʿ, and Baḥrī b. ʿAmr, and Ḥuyayy b. Akhṭab, and Rifāʿa b. Zayd b. al-Tābūt used to come to men of the Anṣār who mixed with them and sought their counsel, from among the Companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ, and say to them: “Do not spend your wealth, for we fear poverty for you when it is gone, and do not hasten to spend, for you do not know what will happen.” So God revealed concerning them: “Those who are miserly and enjoin miserliness upon people and conceal what God has given them of His bounty” (Q 4:37) — that is, of the Torah, in which is the confirmation of what Muḥammad ﷺ brought — “And We have prepared for the disbelievers a humiliating punishment. And those who spend their wealth to show off to people and do not believe in God or the Last Day” up to His saying: “And God is ever aware of them” (Q 4:38–39). [Their Denial of the Truth] Ibn Isḥāq said: Rifāʿa b. Zayd b. al-Tābūt was one of the great men of the Jews. When he spoke to the Messenger of God ﷺ he twisted his tongue and said: “Give us your ear, O Muḥammad, so that we may make you understand.” Then he attacked Islam and found fault with it. So God revealed concerning him: “Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Book, purchasing error and wishing that you would stray from the path? God knows best your enemies, and God suffices as a guardian and God suffices as a helper. Among those who are Jews, they distort words from their places and say: ‘We hear and we disobey’ and ‘Hear, may you not be heard’ and ‘Rāʿinā’” (Q 4:44–46) — that is, “give us your ear” — “twisting with their tongues and attacking the religion. If they had said: ‘We hear and we obey’ and ‘Hear’ and ‘Look at us,’ it would have been better for them and more upright, but God cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not except a few” (Q 4:46). The Messenger of God ﷺ spoke to leaders of the Jewish rabbis, among them ʿAbd Allāh b. Ṣūriyā al-Aʿwar and Kaʿb b. Asad, and said to them: “O company of Jews, fear God and submit, for by God, you know that what I have brought you is the truth.” They said: “We do not know that, O Muḥammad.” They denied what they knew and persisted in disbelief, so God Most High revealed concerning them: “O you who were given the Book, believe in what We have sent down, confirming what is with you, before We blot out faces and turn them on their backs, or curse them as We cursed the people of the Sabbath, and God’s command is ever executed” (Q 4:47). [Ibn Hishām’s Explanation of Some Unusual Words] Ibn Hishām said: “naṭmis” means “we erase them and make them smooth, so no eye, nose, mouth, or anything seen in a face is visible.” Thus also “fa-ṭamasnā aʿyunahum” (Q 54:37). The obliterated eye is one that has no slit between its eyelids. It is said: “I obliterated the writing and the trace,” so nothing of it is seen. Al-Akhṭal, whose name is al-Ghawth b. Hubayra b. al-Ṣalt al-Taghlibī, said, describing camels he tasked with what he mentions: And our tasking her with every trail-marker effaced, A she-camel that strays afar, you see her chameleon restlessly turning. This verse is in a poem of his. Ibn Hishām said: The singular of “al-ṣuwā” is “ṣuwwa.” “Al-ṣuwā” are the markers by which guidance is sought to roads and waters. Ibn Hishām said: He says: they were effaced and became level with the ground, so there is nothing protruding in them.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.