Sirat Ibn Hisham 644
What was revealed concerning the prohibition of the Muslims taking the Jews as intimates
[ مَا كَانَ بَيْنَ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَفِنْحَاصٍ ] وَدَخَلَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ بَيْتَ الْمِدْرَاسِ عَلَى يَهُودَ، فَوَجَدَ مِنْهُمْ نَاسًا كَثِيرًا قَدْ اجْتَمَعُوا إلَى رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ، يُقَالُ لَهُ فِنْحَاصُ، وَكَانَ مِنْ عُلَمَائِهِمْ وَأَحْبَارِهِمْ، وَمَعَهُ حَبْرٌ مِنْ أَحْبَارِهِمْ، يُقَالُ لَهُ: أَشْيَعُ؛ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِفِنْحَاصٍ: وَيْحَكَ يَا فَنُحَاصُ اتَّقِ اللَّهِ وَأَسْلِمْ، فَوَاَللَّهِ إنَّكَ لَتَعْلَمُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا لَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ، قَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بِالْحَقِّ مِنْ عِنْدِهِ، تَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَكُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، فَقَالَ فِنْحَاصُ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: وَاَللَّهِ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، مَا بِنَا إلَى اللَّهِ مِنْ فَقْرٍ، وَإِنَّهُ إلَيْنَا لَفَقِيرٌ، وَمَا نَتَضَرَّعُ إلَيْهِ كَمَا يَتَضَرَّعُ إلَيْنَا، وَإِنَّا عَنْهُ لَأَغْنِيَاءُ، وَمَا هُوَ عَنَّا بِغَنِيٍّ، وَلَوْ كَانَ عَنَّا غَنِيًّا مَا اسْتَقْرَضَنَا أَمْوَالَنَا، كَمَا يَزْعُمُ صَاحِبُكُمْ، يَنْهَاكُمْ عَنْ الرِّبَا وَيُعْطِينَاهُ وَلَوْ كَانَ عَنَّا غَنِيًّا مَا أَعْطَانَا الرِّبَا. قَالَ: فَغَضِبَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ، فَضَرَبَ وَجْهَ فِنْحَاصَ ضَرْبًا شَدِيدًا، وَقَالَ: وَاَلَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ، لَوْلَا الْعَهْدُ الَّذِي بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَكُمْ، لَضَرَبْتُ رَأْسَكَ، أَيْ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: فَذَهَبَ فِنْحَاصُ إلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، اُنْظُرْ مَا صَنَعَ بِي صَاحِبُكَ؛ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إنَّ عَدُوَّ اللَّهِ قَالَ قَوْلًا عَظِيمًا، إنَّهُ زَعَمَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَأَنَّهُمْ أَغْنِيَاءُ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ ذَلِكَ غَضِبْتُ لِلَّهِ مِمَّا قَالَ، وَضَرَبْتُ وَجْهَهُ فَجَحَدَ ذَلِكَ فِنْحَاصُ، وَقَالَ: مَا قُلْتُ ذَلِكَ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِيمَا قَالَ فِنْحَاصُ رَدًّا عَلَيْهِ، وَتَصْدِيقًا لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ: لَقَدْ سَمِعَ اللَّهُ قَوْلَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ أَغْنِيَاءُ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ الْأَنْبِيَاءَ بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ وَنَقُولُ ذُوقُوا عَذَابَ الْحَرِيقِ وَنَزَلَ فِي أَبِي بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقِ ؓ، وَمَا بَلَغَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنْ الْغَضَبِ: وَلَتَسْمَعُنَّ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ مِنْ قَبْلِكُمْ وَمِنَ الَّذِينَ أَشْرَكُوا أَذًى كَثِيرًا وَإِنْ تَصْبِرُوا وَتَتَّقُوا فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ مِنْ عَزْمِ الْأُمُورِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ فِيمَا قَالَ فِنْحَاصُ وَالْأَحْبَارُ مَعَهُ مِنْ يَهُودَ: وَإِذْ أَخَذَ اللَّهُ مِيثَاقَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ لَتُبَيِّنُنَّهُ لِلنَّاسِ وَلَا تَكْتُمُونَهُ فَنَبَذُوهُ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ وَاشْتَرَوْا بِهِ ثَمَنًا قَلِيلًا فَبِئْسَ مَا يَشْتَرُونَ لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا أَتَوْا وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا فَلَا تَحْسَبَنَّهُمْ بِمَفَازَةٍ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ وَلَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ يَعْنِي فِنْحَاصَ، وَأَشْيَعَ وَأَشْبَاهَهُمَا مِنْ الْأَحْبَارِ، الَّذِينَ يَفْرَحُونَ بِمَا يُصِيبُونَ مِنْ الدُّنْيَا عَلَى مَا زَيَّنُوا لِلنَّاسِ مِنْ الضَّلَالَةِ، وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يُحْمَدُوا بِمَا لَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، أَنْ يَقُولَ النَّاسُ: عُلَمَاءُ، وَلَيْسُوا بِأَهْلِ عِلْمٍ، لَمْ يَحْمِلُوهُمْ عَلَى هُدًى وَلَا حَقٍّ، وَيُحِبُّونَ أَنْ يَقُولَ النَّاسُ: قَدْ فَعَلُوا
Translation
✧ [What occurred between Abu Bakr and Finhas] And Abu Bakr al-Siddiq entered the house of study upon the Jews, and he found among them many people who had gathered to a man of theirs called Finhas, who was one of their scholars and rabbis, and with him was a rabbi of their rabbis called Ashyaʿ. Abu Bakr said to Finhas: "Woe to you, O Finhas, fear God and submit, for by God, you know that Muhammad is the Messenger of God. He has brought you the truth from Him; you find him written with you in the Torah and the Gospel." Finhas said to Abu Bakr: "By God, O Abu Bakr, we have no poverty toward God, and He is poor toward us. We do not humble ourselves to Him as He humbles Himself to us. We are rich beyond Him, and He is not rich beyond us. Were He rich beyond us, He would not have sought to borrow our wealth, as your companion claims. He forbids you from usury and yet gives it to us; were He rich beyond us, He would not have given us usury." He said: Abu Bakr became angry and struck Finhas's face with a severe blow, and said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, were it not for the pact between us and you, I would strike your head, O enemy of God." He said: Finhas went to the Messenger of God ﷺ and said: "O Muhammad, look at what your companion has done to me." The Messenger of God ﷺ said to Abu Bakr: "What led you to do what you did?" Abu Bakr said: "O Messenger of God, the enemy of God said a grave thing. He claimed that God is poor and that they are rich. When he said that, I became angry for God's sake at what he said and struck his face." Finhas denied that and said: "I did not say that." So God, exalted be He, sent down concerning what Finhas said, as a rebuttal to him and a confirmation of Abu Bakr: "God has heard the words of those who said, 'God is poor and we are rich.' We shall write down what they said, and their killing of the prophets without right, and We shall say, 'Taste the punishment of the burning fire.'" And there was sent down concerning Abu Bakr al-Siddiq ؓ and the anger he reached in that matter: "You shall surely hear from those who were given the Book before you, and from those who associate others with God, much hurt. And if you are patient and fear God, that is of the steadfast heart of things." Then He said concerning what Finhas and the rabbis with him among the Jews said: "And when God took the covenant of those who were given the Book: 'You shall make it clear to the people and not conceal it.' But they cast it behind their backs and purchased with it a small price. Evil is what they purchase. Do not think that those who rejoice in what they have brought and love to be praised for what they have not done—do not think them in safety from the punishment. For them is a painful punishment." He means Finhas and Ashyaʿ and their likes among the rabbis, who rejoice in what they obtain of this world for the error they have adorned for the people, and who love to be praised for what they have not done—that the people should say, "Scholars," though they are not people of knowledge. They have not carried them upon guidance or truth, and they love that the people should say, "They have done."
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