Sirat Ibn Hisham 623
The Jews' questioning of the Messenger and his answer to them (peace be upon him)
[ سُؤَالُ الْيَهُودِ الرَّسُولَ وَإِجَابَتُهُ لَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ ( عَبْدِ ) الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي حُسَيْنٍ الْمَكِّيُّ، عَنْ شَهْرِ بْنِ حَوْشَبٍ الْأَشْعَرِيِّ: أَنَّ نَفَرًا مِنْ أَحْبَارِ يَهُودَ جَاءُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: يَا مُحَمَّدُ، أَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ أَرْبَعٍ نَسْأَلُكَ عَنْهُنَّ، فَإِنْ فَعَلْتَ ذَلِكَ اتَّبَعْنَاكَ وَصَدَّقْنَاكَ، وَآمَنَّا بِكَ. قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: عَلَيْكُمْ بِذَلِكَ عَهْدُ اللَّهِ وَمِيثَاقُهُ لَئِنْ أَنَا أَخْبَرْتُكُمْ بِذَلِكَ لَتُصَدِّقُنَّنِي، قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَاسْأَلُوا عَمَّا بَدَا لَكُمْ، قَالُوا: فَأَخْبِرْنَا كَيْفَ يُشْبِهُ الْوَلَدُ أُمَّهُ، وَإِنَّمَا النُّطْفَةُ مِنْ الرَّجُلِ ؟ قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أُنْشِدُكُمْ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِأَيَّامِهِ عِنْدَ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ نُطْفَةَ الرَّجُلِ بَيْضَاءُ غَلِيظَةٌ، وَنُطْفَةَ الْمَرْأَةِ صَفْرَاءُ رَقِيقَةٌ، فَأَيَّتُهُمَا عَلَتْ صَاحِبَتَهَا كَانَ لَهَا الشَّبَهُ ؟ قَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ؛ قَالُوا: فَأَخْبِرْنَا كَيْفَ نَوْمُكَ ؟ فَقَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِأَيَّامِهِ عِنْدَ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ نَوْمَ الَّذِي تَزْعُمُونَ أَنِّي لَسْتُ بِهِ تَنَامُ عَيْنُهُ وَقَلْبُهُ يَقْظَانُ ؟ فَقَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ، قَالَ: فَكَذَلِكَ نَوْمِي، تَنَامُ عَيْنِيَّ وَقَلْبِي يَقْظَانُ، قَالُوا: فَأَخْبِرْنَا عَمَّا حَرَّمَ إسْرَائِيلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ ؟ قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِأَيَّامِهِ عِنْدَ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَحَبُّ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ إلَيْهِ أَلْبَانَ الْإِبِلِ وَلُحُومَهَا، وَأَنَّهُ اشْتَكَى شَكْوَى، فَعَافَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْهَا، فَحَرَّمَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ أَحَبَّ الطَّعَامِ وَالشَّرَابِ إلَيْهِ شُكْرًا لِلَّهِ، فَحَرَّمَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ لُحُومَ الْإِبِلِ وَأَلْبَانَهَا ؟ قَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ، قَالُوا: فَأَخْبِرْنَا عَنْ الرُّوحِ ؟ قَالَ: أَنْشُدُكُمْ بِاَللَّهِ وَبِأَيَّامِهِ عِنْدَ بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، هَلْ تَعْلَمُونَهُ جِبْرِيلُ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي يَأْتِينِي ؟ قَالُوا: اللَّهُمَّ نَعَمْ، وَلَكِنَّهُ يَا مُحَمَّدُ لَنَا عَدُوٌّ، وَهُوَ مَلَكٌ، إنَّمَا يَأْتِي بِالشِّدَّةِ وَبِسَفْكِ الدِّمَاءِ، وَلَوْلَا ذَلِكَ لَاتَّبَعْنَاكَ، قَالَ: فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمْ: قُلْ مَنْ كَانَ عَدُوًّا لِجِبْرِيلَ فَإِنَّهُ نَزَّلَهُ عَلَى قَلْبِكَ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقًا لِمَا بَيْنَ يَدَيْهِ وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ إلَى قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: أَوَكُلَّمَا عَاهَدُوا عَهْدًا نَبَذَهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ وَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ رَسُولٌ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ مُصَدِّقٌ لِمَا مَعَهُمْ نَبَذَ فَرِيقٌ مِنَ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْكِتَابَ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ وَرَاءَ ظُهُورِهِمْ كَأَنَّهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ وَاتَّبَعُوا مَا تَتْلُو الشَّيَاطِينُ عَلَى مُلْكِ سُلَيْمَانَ أَيْ السِّحْرُ وَمَا كَفَرَ سُلَيْمَانُ وَلَكِنَّ الشَّيَاطِينَ كَفَرُوا يُعَلِّمُونَ النَّاسَ السِّحْرَ
Translation
✧ [The Jews' questioning of the Messenger and his answer to them, ﷺ ] Ibn Isḥāq said: ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Ḥusayn al-Makkī related to me, from Shahr b. Ḥawshab al-Ashʿarī: A group of Jewish rabbis came to the Messenger of God ﷺ and said: 'O Muḥammad, tell us about four things we ask you about. If you do that, we will follow you, believe you, and have faith in you.' He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said to them: 'Do you pledge by God's covenant and His compact that if I tell you about them, you will believe me?' They said: 'Yes.' He said: 'Then ask what you wish.' They said: 'Tell us how a child resembles its mother, when the semen is only from the man?' He said: The Messenger of God ﷺ said to them: 'I adjure you by God and by His days among the Children of Israel: do you know that the man's sperm is white and thick, and the woman's fluid is yellow and thin, and whichever of them prevails over the other, the resemblance belongs to it?' They said: 'O God, yes.' They said: 'Tell us how you sleep.' He said: 'I adjure you by God and by His days among the Children of Israel: do you know that the sleep of the one you claim I am not has his eye sleeping while his heart is awake?' They said: 'O God, yes.' He said: 'So is my sleep: my eyes sleep while my heart is awake.' They said: 'Tell us what Israel forbade upon himself.' He said: 'I adjure you by God and by His days among the Children of Israel: do you know that the food and drink dearest to him were the milk and meat of camels, and that he fell ill, and God healed him from it, so he forbade upon himself the food and drink dearest to him, in gratitude to God, and so he forbade upon himself camel meat and their milk?' They said: 'O God, yes.' They said: 'Tell us about the Spirit.' He said: 'I adjure you by God and by His days among the Children of Israel: do you know that he is Gabriel, and he is the one who comes to me?' They said: 'O God, yes, but, O Muḥammad, he is an enemy to us, and he is an angel, but he brings severity and bloodshed, and were it not for that we would follow you.' He said: Then God, mighty and glorious, revealed concerning them: 'Say: Whoever is an enemy to Gabriel—for he brought it down upon your heart by God's leave, confirming what was before it, and as guidance and good tidings for the believers' up to His words, exalted: 'And whenever they made a covenant, a party of them cast it aside. Nay, most of them do not believe. And when there came to them a messenger from God confirming what was with them, a party of those who had been given the Book cast the Book of God behind their backs, as if they did not know. And they followed what the devils recited over Solomon's kingdom—that is, sorcery. Solomon did not disbelieve, but the devils disbelieved, teaching people sorcery.'
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