Sirat Ibn Hisham 618
What was revealed concerning the hypocrites of the Aws and the Khazraj
[ تَفْسِيرُ ابْنِ هِشَامٍ لِبَعْضِ الْغَرِيبِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: الْوَذِيلُ: قِطَعُ الْفِضَّةِ ( وَالْفُوَمُ: الْقَمْحُ )، وَاحِدَتُهُ: فُومَةٌ. وَهَذَا الْبَيْتُ فِي قَصِيدَةٍ لَهُ. وَعَدَسِهَا وَبَصَلِهَا قَالَ أَتَسْتَبْدِلُونَ الَّذِي هُوَ أَدْنَى بِالَّذِي هُوَ خَيْرٌ اهْبِطُوا مِصْرًا فَإِنَّ لَكُمْ مَا سَأَلْتُمْ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَلَمْ يَفْعَلُوا، وَرَفْعَهُ الطُّورَ فَوْقَهُمْ لِيَأْخُذُوا مَا أُوتُوا، وَالْمَسْخَ الَّذِي كَانَ فِيهِمْ، إذْ جَعَلَهُمْ قِرَدَةً بِأَحْدَاثِهِمْ، وَالْبَقَرَةَ الَّتِي أَرَاهُمْ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهَا الْعِبْرَةَ فِي الْقَتِيلِ الَّذِي اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ، حَتَّى بَيَّنَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ أَمْرَهُ، بَعْدَ التَّرَدُّدِ عَلَى مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فِي صِفَّةِ الْبَقَرَةِ، وَقَسْوَةَ قُلُوبِهِمْ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ حَتَّى كَانَتْ كَالْحِجَارَةِ أَوْ أَشَدَّ قَسْوَةً. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِنَّ مِنَ الْحِجَارَةِ لَمَا يَتَفَجَّرُ مِنْهُ الْأَنْهَارُ وَإِنَّ مِنْهَا لَمَا يَشَّقَّقُ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ الْمَاءُ وَإِنَّ مِنْهَا لَمَا يَهْبِطُ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ أَيْ وَإِنَّ مِنْ الْحِجَارَةِ لَأَلْيَنُ مِنْ قُلُوبِكُمْ عَمَّا تَدْعُونَ إلَيْهِ مِنْ الْحَقِّ وَمَا اللَّهُ بِغَافِلٍ عَمَّا تَعْمَلُونَ ثُمَّ قَالَ لِمُحَمَّدِ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ وَلِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يُؤَيِّسُهُمْ مِنْهُمْ أَفَتَطْمَعُونَ أَنْ يُؤْمِنُوا لَكُمْ وَقَدْ كَانَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يُحَرِّفُونَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا عَقَلُوهُ وَهُمْ يَعْلَمُونَ وَلَيْسَ قَوْلُهُ يَسْمَعُونَ التَّوْرَاةَ، أَنَّ كُلَّهُمْ قَدْ سَمِعَهَا، وَلَكِنَّهُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ، أَيْ خَاصَّةٌ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ، فِيمَا بَلَغَنِي عَنْ بَعْضِ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ: قَالُوا لِمُوسَى: يَا مُوسَى، قَدْ حِيلَ بَيْنَنَا وَبَيْنَ رُؤْيَةِ اللَّهِ، فَأَسْمِعْنَا كَلَامَهُ حَيْنَ يُكَلِّمُكَ، فَطَلَبَ ذَلِكَ مُوسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: نَعَمْ، مُرْهُمْ فَلْيَطَّهَّرُوا، أَوْ لِيُطَهِّرُوا ثِيَابَهُمْ، وَلْيَصُومُوا، فَفَعَلُوا. ثُمَّ خَرَجَ بِهِمْ حَتَّى أَتَى بِهِمْ الطُّورَ؛ فَلَمَّا غَشِيَهُمْ الْغَمَامُ أَمَرَهُمْ مُوسَى فَوَقَعُوا سُجَّدًا، وَكَلَّمَهُ رَبُّهُ، فَسَمِعُوا كَلَامَهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى، يَأْمُرُهُمْ وَيَنْهَاهُمْ، حَتَّى عَقَلُوا عَنْهُ مَا سَمِعُوا، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ بِهِمْ إلَى بَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ، فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ حَرَّفَ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ مَا أَمَرَهُمْ بِهِ، وَقَالُوا، حَيْنَ قَالَ مُوسَى لِبَنِي إسْرَائِيلَ: إنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَمَرَكُمْ بِكَذَا وَكَذَا، قَالَ ذَلِكَ الْفَرِيقُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: إنَّمَا قَالَ كَذَا وَكَذَا، خِلَافًا لِمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ، فَهُمْ الَّذِينَ عَنَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ لِرَسُولِهِ ﷺ. ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا أَيْ بِصَاحِبِكُمْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ، وَلَكِنَّهُ إلَيْكُمْ خَاصَّةً. وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالُوا لَا تُحَدِّثُوا الْعَرَبَ بِهَذَا، فَإِنَّكُمْ قَدْ كُنْتُمْ تَسْتَفْتِحُونَ بِهِ عَلَيْهِمْ، فَكَانَ فِيهِمْ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِيهِمْ: وَإِذَا لَقُوا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا قَالُوا آمَنَّا وَإِذَا خَلَا بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ قَالُوا أَتُحَدِّثُونَهُمْ بِمَا فَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لِيُحَاجُّوكُمْ بِهِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ أَفَلَا تَعْقِلُونَ أَيْ تُقِرُّونَ بِأَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، وَقَدْ عَرَفْتُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ أُخِذَ لَهُ الْمِيثَاقُ عَلَيْكُمْ بِاتِّبَاعِهِ، وَهُوَ يُخْبِرُكُمْ أَنَّهُ النَّبِيُّ الَّذِي كُنَّا نَنْتَظِرُ وَنَجِدُ فِي كِتَابِنَا، اجْحَدُوهُ وَلَا تُقِرُّوا لَهُمْ بِهِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: أَوَلَا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ يَعْلَمُ مَا يُسِرُّونَ وَمَا يُعْلِنُونَ وَمِنْهُمْ أُمِّيُّونَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ الْكِتَابَ إِلَّا أَمَانِيَّ
Translation
✧ [Ibn Hishām's explanation of some uncommon words] Ibn Hishām said: al-wadhīl means pieces of silver (and al-fūm means wheat), its singular is fūmah. This verse is in a poem of his. "And its lentils and its onions," He said: "Will you exchange what is better for what is lower? Go down to a town, and you will have what you asked for." Ibn Isḥāq said: They did not do so, and He raised the mountain over them so that they might take what they had been given, and the metamorphosis that occurred among them when He made them apes because of their transgressions, and the cow by which God, Mighty and Majestic, showed them the lesson concerning the slain man about whom they differed, until God made his matter clear to them, after the repeated questioning of Moses ﷺ about the description of the cow, and the hardness of their hearts after that until they were like stones or even harder. Then He, Exalted is He, said: "And indeed, among the stones there are some from which rivers gush forth, and among them there are some that split open and water flows out, and among them there are some that fall down for fear of God," meaning that among the stones there are indeed those softer than your hearts toward the truth to which you are called, and God is not unaware of what you do. Then He said to Muḥammad, upon him be prayer and peace, and to the believers with him, making them despair of them: "Do you then hope that they will believe in you, when a party of them used to hear the word of God, then distort it after they had understood it, knowingly?" His saying "they hear" does not mean the Torah in its entirety, that all of them had heard it, but rather a party of them, that is, a special group. Ibn Isḥāq said, in what has reached me from some of the people of knowledge: They said to Moses: "O Moses, a barrier has been placed between us and the vision of God, so let us hear His speech when He speaks to you." Moses ﷺ requested that from his Lord, and He said to him: "Yes, command them to purify themselves, or to purify their garments, and to fast." They did so. Then he went out with them until he brought them to the Mount. When the cloud covered them, Moses commanded them and they fell down prostrate, and his Lord spoke to him, and they heard His speech, Blessed and Exalted is He, commanding them and forbidding them, until they understood from Him what they heard. Then he returned with them to the Children of Israel. When he came to them, a party of them distorted what He had commanded them, and they said, when Moses said to the Children of Israel: "God has commanded you such and such," that party whom God, Mighty and Majestic, mentioned said: "He only said such and such," contrary to what God had said to them. They are the ones God, Mighty and Majestic, meant for His Messenger ﷺ. Then He, Exalted is He, said: "And when they meet those who believe, they say, 'We believe,'" meaning in your companion, the Messenger of God, but that is only to you in particular. "And when some of them are alone with others, they say, 'Do not tell the Arabs about this, for you used to seek victory through it over them,'" and it was among them. So God, Mighty and Majestic, revealed concerning them: "And when they meet those who believe, they say, 'We believe,' but when some of them are alone with others, they say, 'Do you tell them what God has opened to you, so that they may argue with you about it before your Lord? Will you not understand?'" meaning you acknowledge that he is a prophet, and you know that a covenant has been taken from you to follow him, and he tells you that he is the prophet whom we awaited and find in our Book, so deny him and do not acknowledge him to them. God, Mighty and Majestic, says: "Do they not know that God knows what they conceal and what they reveal? And among them are unlettered ones who do not know the Book except wishful thinking."
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.