Sirat Ibn Hisham 1004
Mention of what God revealed in the Qurʾān concerning Uḥud
[ تَأْنِيبُهُ إيَّاهُمْ لِفِرَارِهِمْ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِمْ ] ثُمَّ أَنَّبَهُمْ بِالْفِرَارِ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ، وَهُمْ يُدْعَوْنَ لَا يَعْطِفُونَ عَلَيْهِ لِدُعَائِهِ إيَّاهُمْ، فَقَالَ: إِذْ تُصْعِدُونَ وَلَا تَلْوُونَ عَلَى أَحَدٍ وَالرَّسُولُ يَدْعُوكُمْ فِي أُخْرَاكُمْ فَأَثَابَكُمْ غَمًّا بِغَمٍّ لِكَيْلَا تَحْزَنُوا عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ وَلَا مَا أَصَابَكُمْ أَيْ كَرْبًا بَعْدَ كَرْبٍ، بِقَتْلِ مَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْ إخْوَانِكُمْ، وَعُلُوِّ عَدُوِّكُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَبِمَا وَقَعَ فِي أَنْفُسِكُمْ مِنْ قَوْلِ مَنْ قَالَ: قُتِلَ نَبِيُّكُمْ، فَكَانَ ذَلِكَ مِمَّا تَتَابَعَ عَلَيْكُمْ غَمًّا بِغَمٍّ؛ لِكَيْلَا تَحْزَنُوا عَلَى مَا فَاتَكُمْ مِنْ ظُهُورِكُمْ عَلَى عَدُوِّكُمْ، بَعْدَ أَنْ رَأَيْتُمُوهُ بِأَعْيُنِكُمْ، وَلَا مَا أَصَابَكُمْ مِنْ قَتْلِ إخْوَانِكُمْ، حَتَّى فَرَّجْتُ ذَلِكَ الْكَرْبَ عَنْكُمْ وَاَللَّهُ خَبِيرٌ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ. وَكَانَ الَّذِي فَرَّجَ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ مِنْ الْكَرْبِ وَالْغَمِّ الَّذِي أَصَابَهُمْ، أَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ رَدَّ عَنْهُمْ كِذْبَةَ الشَّيْطَانِ بِقَتْلِ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حَيًّا بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، هَانَ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا فَاتَهُمْ مِنْ الْقَوْمِ بَعْدَ الظُّهُورِ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَالْمُصِيبَةُ الَّتِي أَصَابَتْهُمْ فِي إخْوَانِهِمْ، حِينَ صَرَفَ اللَّهُ الْقَتْلَ عَنْ نَبِيِّهِمْ ﷺ. ثُمَّ أَنْزَلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ الْغَمِّ أَمَنَةً نُعَاسًا يَغْشَى طَائِفَةً مِنْكُمْ وَطَائِفَةٌ قَدْ أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ يَظُنُّونَ بِاللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ ظَنَّ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ يَقُولُونَ هَلْ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ مِنْ شَيْءٍ قُلْ إِنَّ الْأَمْرَ كُلَّهُ لِلَّهِ يُخْفُونَ فِي أَنْفُسِهِمْ مَا لَا يُبْدُونَ لَكَ يَقُولُونَ لَوْ كَانَ لَنَا مِنَ الْأَمْرِ شَيْءٌ مَا قُتِلْنَا هَاهُنَا قُلْ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ لَبَرَزَ الَّذِينَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمُ الْقَتْلُ إِلَى مَضَاجِعِهِمْ وَلِيَبْتَلِيَ اللَّهُ مَا فِي صُدُورِكُمْ وَلِيُمَحِّصَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ النُّعَاسَ أَمَنَةً مِنْهُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْيَقِينِ بِهِ، فَهُمْ نِيَامٌ لَا يَخَافُونَ، وَأَهْلُ النِّفَاقِ قَدْ أَهَمَّتْهُمْ أَنْفُسُهُمْ، يَظُنُّونَ بِاَللَّهِ غَيْرَ الْحَقِّ ظَنَّ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ، تَخَوُّفَ الْقَتْلِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَرْجُونَ عَاقِبَةً، فَذَكَرَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ تَلَاوُمَهُمْ وَحَسْرَتَهُمْ عَلَى مَا أَصَابَهُمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ لِنَبِيِّهِ ﷺ: قُلْ لَوْ كُنْتُمْ فِي بُيُوتِكُمْ لَمْ تَحْضُرُوا هَذَا الْمَوْطِنَ الَّذِي أَظْهَرَ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مِنْكُمْ مَا أَظْهَرَ مِنْ سَرَائِرِكُمْ لَبَرَزَ لَأَخْرَجَ الَّذِينَ كُتِبَ عَلَيْهِمْ الْقَتْلُ إلَى مَضَاجِعِهِمْ إلَى مَوْطِنٍ غَيْرِهِ يُصْرَعُونَ فِيهِ، حَتَّى يُبْتَلَى بِهِ مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ وَلِيُمَحِّصَ مَا فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ أَيْ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ مَا فِي صُدُورِهِمْ مِمَّا اسْتَخْفَوْا بِهِ مِنْكُمْ
Translation
✧ [His rebuking them for fleeing from their Prophet] Then He rebuked them for fleeing from their Prophet ﷺ, while they were being called and they did not turn back to him despite his calling them. He said: "When you were climbing [the hill] and did not turn around for anyone, while the Messenger was calling you from behind you, so He repaid you with distress upon distress, so that you would not grieve over what had escaped you or what had befallen you" (Q 3:153). That is, grief upon grief: by the killing of those of your brethren who were killed, and the ascendancy of your enemy over you, and what fell into your souls from the saying of those who said, "Your Prophet has been killed." Thus that was among what followed upon you as distress upon distress—so that you would not grieve over what had escaped you of victory over your enemy, after you had seen it with your own eyes, nor over what had befallen you of the killing of your brethren—until I relieved that distress from you. And Allah is Aware of what you do (Q 3:153). What Allah relieved them from, of the distress and sorrow that had befallen them, was that Allah, Mighty and Majestic, turned away from them the lie of Satan about the killing of their Prophet ﷺ. When they saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ alive among them, what had escaped them of victory over the people, after having prevailed over them, and the affliction that had befallen them in their brethren, became easy for them, when Allah diverted the killing from their Prophet ﷺ. Then He sent down upon you, after the distress, a security—drowsiness—overcoming a party of you, while another party was anxious about themselves, thinking of Allah other than the truth, the thought of the Age of Ignorance. They say, "Do we have any part in the affair?" Say, "The affair belongs entirely to Allah." They conceal within themselves what they do not reveal to you. They say, "If we had any part in the affair, we would not have been killed here." Say, "Even if you had been in your houses, those for whom killing was decreed would have gone forth to their places of lying down." And that Allah might test what is in your breasts, and that He might purify what is in your hearts. And Allah is Knowing of what is in the breasts (Q 3:154). Allah sent down drowsiness as a security from Him upon the people of certainty in Him, so they slept, not fearing. The people of hypocrisy were anxious about themselves, thinking of Allah other than the truth, the thought of the Age of Ignorance, fearing killing. That is because they did not hope for any final outcome. Allah, Mighty and Majestic, mentioned their mutual blame and their regret over what had befallen them. Then Allah, Glorified be He, said to His Prophet ﷺ: Say, "Even if you had been in your houses, and had not attended this place where Allah brought to light from you what He brought to light of your secret thoughts, those for whom killing was decreed would have gone forth—would have been brought out—to their places of lying down, to another place where they would be struck down, until He might test what is in their breasts and might purify what is in your hearts. And Allah is Knowing of what is in the breasts" (Q 3:154). That is, what is in their breasts of what they concealed from you is not hidden from Him.
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