Tarikh (al-Tabari) 991
The Great Expedition of Badr
انْهِزَامِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَرَجَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ مُنْهَزِمِينَ، وَرُئِيَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي إِثْرِهِمْ مُصْلِتًا بِالسَّيْفِ، يَتْلُو هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ [الْقَمَرِ: 45]. وَرَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَإِسْحَاقُ بْنُ رَاهَوَيْهِ وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ. زَادَ ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ فِي رِوَايَةٍ عَنْهُ: عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ وَابْنُ مَرْدَوَيْهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ ؓ: أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى نَبِيِّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ قَالَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ: قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَيُّ جَمْعٍ يُهْزَمُ ؟ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ وَانْهَزَمَتْ قُرَيْشٌ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي آثَارِهِمْ، مُصْلِتًا بِالسَّيْفِ وَهُوَ يَثِبُ وَيَقُولُ: سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ فَعَرَفْتُ تَأْوِيلَهَا، وَكَانَ انْهِزَامُ الْقَوْمِ حِينَ زَالَتِ الشَّمْسُ مِنْ يَوْمِ الْجُمُعَةِ. وَرَوَى الْفِرْيَابِيُّ وَابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَحَسَّنَهُ ابْنُ سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ قَالَ: قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَدْرٍ: عَلَيْكَ بِالْعِيرِ لَيْسَ دُونَهَا شَيْءٌ، فَنَادَاهُ الْعَبَّاسُ وَهُوَ أَسِيرٌ فِي وِثَاقِهِ: إِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ ذَاكَ لَكَ، قَالَ: «لِمَهْ ؟ » قَالَ: لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى وَعَدَكَ إِحْدَى الطَّائِفَتَيْنِ، فَقَدْ أَعْطَاكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ، قَالَ: «صَدَقْتَ». وَذَكَرَ الْأُمَوِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ طَافَ هُوَ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ بِالْقَتْلَى وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ: نُفَلِّقُ هَامًا. فَيَقُولُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: ... مِنْ رِجَالٍ أَعِزَّةٍ عَلَيْنَا وَهُمْ كَانُوا أَعَقَّ وَأَظْلَمَا. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعِمٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ فِي أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ: «لَوْ كَانَ الْمُطْعِمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا، ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ النَّتْنَى لَتَرَكْتُهُمْ لَهُ» أَيْ: تَرَكْتُهُمْ أَحْيَاءً، وَلَمَا قَتَلْتُهُمْ مِنْ غَيْرِ فِدَاءٍ؛ إِكْرَامًا لَهُ وَقَبُولًا لِشَفَاعَتِهِ، فَإِنَّهُ كَانَ مِمَّنْ قَامَ فِي نَقْضِ الصَّحِيفَةِ.
Translation
✧ The defeat of the polytheists Ibn Saʿd said: Quraysh returned to Makkah defeated, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was seen in their wake, brandishing his sword, reciting this verse: “The host will be defeated and they will turn their backs” [Al-Qamar: 45]. ʿAbd al-Razzāq, Ibn Abī Shaybah, Isḥāq b. Rāhawayh, ʿAbd b. Ḥumayd, Ibn Jarīr, and Ibn al-Mundhir narrated from ʿIkrimah. Ibn Jarīr added in one narration from him: from Ibn ʿAbbās. Ibn Abī Ḥātim, al-Ṭabarānī, and Ibn Mardawayh narrated from Abū Hurayrah ؓ: Allah, Exalted is He, revealed to His Prophet ﷺ in Makkah before the day of Badr: “The host will be defeated and they will turn their backs.” ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb said: I said, “O Messenger of Allah, which host will be defeated?” When the day of Badr came and Quraysh were defeated, I looked at the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in their tracks, brandishing his sword, leaping and saying: “The host will be defeated and they will turn their backs.” So I recognized its interpretation. The defeat of the people occurred when the sun declined on Friday. Al-Firyābī, Ibn Abī Shaybah, Imām Aḥmad, al-Tirmidhī—and he deemed it ḥasan—and Ibn Saʿīd narrated from ʿIkrimah, who said: It was said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when he had finished with the people of Badr: “You should go after the caravan; there is nothing beyond it.” Al-ʿAbbās called out to him while he was a captive in his bonds: “That is not appropriate for you.” He said, “Why not?” He said, “Because Allah, Exalted is He, promised you one of the two parties, and He has granted you what He promised you.” He said, “You have spoken the truth.” Al-Umawī mentioned that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and Abū Bakr went around among the slain, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: “We split skulls.” Abū Bakr said: ... of men who were mighty among us, but they were the most rebellious and unjust. Al-Bukhārī narrated from Jubayr b. Muṭʿim that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said concerning the captives of Badr: “If al-Muṭʿim b. ʿAdī were alive, and he spoke to me about these stinking ones, I would have left them for him.” That is: I would have left them alive and not killed them without ransom, as an honor to him and acceptance of his intercession, for he was among those who stood to annul the pact.
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