Tarikh (al-Tabari) 979
The Great Expedition of Badr
[ مُنَاشَدَةُ الرَّسُولِ رَبَّهُ النَّصْرَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ عَدَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصُّفُوفَ، وَرَجَعَ إلَى الْعَرِيشِ فَدَخَلَهُ، وَمَعَهُ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ، لَيْسَ مَعَهُ فِيهِ غَيْرُهُ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يُنَاشِدُ رَبَّهُ مَا وَعَدَهُ مِنْ النَّصْرِ، وَيَقُولُ فِيمَا يَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ إنْ تَهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةُ الْيَوْمَ لَا تُعْبَدْ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يَقُولُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ: بَعْضَ مُنَاشَدَتِكَ رَبَّكَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ مُنْجِّزٌ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ. وَقَدْ خَفَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَفْقَةً وَهُوَ فِي الْعَرِيشِ، ثُمَّ انْتَبَهَ فَقَالَ: أَبْشِرْ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَتَاكَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ. هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ آخِذٌ بِعَنَانِ فَرَسٍ يَقُودُهُ، عَلَى ثَنَايَاهُ النَّقْعُ وَرَوَى ابْنُ جَرِيرٍ وَابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ وَالطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيِّ ؓ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ رَوَاحَةَ قَالَ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُشِيرَ عَلَيْكَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يُشَارَ عَلَيْهِ، وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى أَجَلُّ وَأَعْظَمُ مِنْ أَنْ يُنْشَدَ وَعْدَهُ» فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا ابْنَ رَوَاحَةَ لَأَنْشُدَنَّ اللَّهَ وَعْدَهُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ». وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ جَرِيرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ قَاتَلْتُ شَيْئًا مِنْ قِتَالٍ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ مُسْرِعًا إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لِأَنْظُرَ مَا فَعَلَ، فَإِذَا هُوَ سَاجِدٌ يَقُولُ: «يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ» لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهِمَا، ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ، ثُمَّ جِئْتُ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ ذَهَبْتُ إِلَى الْقِتَالِ ثُمَّ رَجَعْتُ وَهُوَ سَاجِدٌ يَقُولُ ذَلِكَ [فَفَتَحَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ]. وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ حَسَنٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ ؓ قَالَ: مَا سَمِعْتُ مُنَاشِدًا يَنْشُدُ مَقَالَةً أَشَدَّ مُنَاشَدَةً مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِرَبِّهِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، جَعَلَ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ تَهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةُ لَا تُعْبَدْ» ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَ كَأَنَّ وَجْهَهُ شِقَّةُ قَمَرٍ، فَقَالَ: «كَأَنَّمَا أَنْظُرُ إِلَى مَصَارِعِ الْقَوْمِ الْعَشِيَّةَ». وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَحَكِيمِ بْنِ حِزَامٍ، وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ قَالُوا: لَمَّا حَضَرَ الْقِتَالُ رَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَيْهِ يَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ النَّصْرَ وَمَا وَعَدَهُ، وَيَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ ظَهَرُوا عَلَى هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةِ ظَهَرَ الشِّرْكُ، وَمَا يَقُومُ لَكَ دِينٌ». وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ يَقُولُ لَهُ: «وَاللَّهِ لَيَنْصُرَنَّكَ اللَّهُ وَلَيُبَيِّضَنَّ وَجْهَكَ» وَخَفَقَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ خَفْقَةً وَهُوَ فِي الْعَرِيشِ، ثُمَّ انْتَبَهَ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ أَلْفًا مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ عِنْدَ أَكْنَافِ الْعَدُوِّ، وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَبْشِرْ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ مُتَعَمِّمٌ بِعِمَامَةٍ صَفْرَاءَ آخِذٌ بِعِنَانِ فَرَسِهِ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ، فَلَمَّا نَزَلَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ تَغَيَّبَ عَنِّي سَاعَةً، ثُمَّ طَلَعَ عَلَى ثَنَايَاهُ النَّقْعُ يَقُولُ: أَتَاكَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ إِذْ دَعَوْتَهُ». وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ وَالْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَمُسْلِمٌ وَأَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَغَيْرُهُمْ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ ؓ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ فِي يَوْمِ بَدْرٍ نَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَهُمْ أَلْفٌ، وَأَصْحَابُهُ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَتِسْعَةَ عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فَاسْتَقْبَلَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْقِبْلَةَ، ثُمَّ مَدَّ يَدَيْهِ، فَجَعَلَ يَهْتِفُ بِرَبِّهِ يَقُولُ: «اللَّهُمَّ أَنْجِزْ لِي مَا وَعَدْتَنِي، اللَّهُمَّ آتِنِي مَا وَعَدْتَنِي، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ تَهْلِكْ هَذِهِ الْعِصَابَةُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَا تُعْبَدْ فِي الْأَرْضِ» فَمَا زَالَ يَهْتِفُ بِرَبِّهِ مَادًّا يَدَيْهِ مُسْتَقْبِلَ الْقِبْلَةِ حَتَّى سَقَطَ رِدَاؤُهُ عَنْ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَخَذَ رِدَاءَهُ وَأَلْقَاهُ عَلَى مَنْكِبَيْهِ، ثُمَّ الْتَزَمَهُ مِنْ رِدَائِهِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ كَفَاكَ تُنَاشِدُ رَبَّكَ؛ فَإِنَّهُ سَيُنْجِزُ لَكَ مَا وَعَدَكَ» فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: إِذْ تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ فَاسْتَجَابَ لَكُمْ أَنِّي مُمِدُّكُمْ بِأَلْفٍ مِنَ الْمَلائِكَةِ مُرْدِفِينَ [الْأَنْفَالِ: 9] فَأَمَدَّهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ. وَرَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ بَدْرٍ نَظَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَتَكَاثُرَهُمْ وَإِلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَاسْتَقَلَّهُمْ، فَرَكَعَ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَقَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي صِلَاتِهِ: «اللَّهُمَّ لَا تُوَدِّعْ مِنِّي، اللَّهُمَّ لَا تَخْذُلْنِي، اللَّهُمَّ أَنْشُدُكَ مَا وَعَدْتَنِي». وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَالنَّسَائِيُّ وَابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ وَهُوَ فِي قُبَّةٍ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَنْشُدُكَ عَهْدَكَ وَوَعْدَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ تَشَأْ لَا تُعْبَدْ بَعْدَ الْيَوْمِ» فَأَخَذَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِيَدِهِ فَقَالَ: حَسْبُكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَقَدْ أَلْحَحْتَ عَلَى رَبِّكَ. فَخَرَجَ وَهُوَ يَثِبُ فِي الدِّرْعِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ وَيُوَلُّونَ الدُّبُرَ بَلِ السَّاعَةُ مَوْعِدُهُمْ وَالسَّاعَةُ أَدْهَى وَأَمَرُّ [الْقَمَرِ: 45، 46]: قَالَ الْإِمَامُ أَبُو سُلَيْمَانَ الْخَطَّابِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مَا حَاصِلُهُ: لَا يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَتَوَهَّمَ أَحَدٌ أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ كَانَ أَوْثَقَ بِرَبِّهِ مِنَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي تِلْكَ الْحَالِ، بَلِ الْحَامِلُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى ذَلِكَ شَفَقَتُهُ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ وَتَقْوِيَةُ قُلُوبِهِمْ؛ لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ أَوَّلَ مَشْهَدٍ شَهِدَهُ، فَبَالَغَ فِي التَّوَجُّهِ وَالدُّعَاءِ وَالِابْتِهَالِ؛ لِتَسْكُنَ نُفُوسُهُمْ عِنْدَ ذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّ وَسِيلَتَهُ مُسْتَجَابَةٌ، فَلَمَّا قَالَ لَهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مَا قَالَ كَفَّ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَعَلِمَ أَنَّهُ اسْتُجِيبَ لَهُ، لَمَّا وَجَدَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فِي نَفْسِهِ مِنَ الْقُوَّةِ وَالطُّمَأْنِينَةِ؛ فَلِهَذَا عَقَّبَهُ بِقَوْلِهِ: سَيُهْزَمُ الْجَمْعُ [الْقَمَرِ: 45]. وَقَالَ الْقَاضِي أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ الْعَرَبِيِّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ فِي مَقَامِ الْخَوْفِ، وَصَاحِبُهُ فِي مَقَامِ الرَّجَاءِ، وَكِلَا الْمَقَامَيْنِ سَوَاءٌ فِي الْفَضْلِ. قَالَ تِلْمِيذُهُ السُّهَيْلِيُّ: لَا يُرِيدُ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ وَالصِّدِّيقَ سَوَاءٌ، وَلَكِنَّ الرَّجَاءَ وَالْخَوْفَ مَقَامَانِ لَا بُدَّ لِلْإِيمَانِ مِنْهُمَا، فَأَبُو بَكْرٍ كَانَ فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ فِي مَقَامِ الرَّجَاءِ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى، وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ كَانَ فِي مَقَامِ الْخَوْفِ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى؛ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَفْعَلُ مَا يَشَاءُ، فَخَافَ أَلَّا يُعْبَدَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي الْأَرْضِ بَعْدَهَا. وَقَالَ قَاسِمُ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ فِي دَلَائِلِهِ: إِنَّمَا قَالَ الصِّدِّيقُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ مَا قَالَ مُعَاوَنَةً وَرِقَّةً عَلَيْهِ؛ لَمَّا رَأَى مِنْ نَصَبِهِ فِي الدُّعَاءِ وَالتَّضَرُّعِ حَتَّى سَقَطَ الرِّدَاءُ عَنْ مَنْكِبَيْهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: بَعْضَ هَذَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَيْ: لِمَ تُتْعِبُ نَفْسَكَ هَذَا التَّعَبَ وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ وَعَدَكَ بِالنَّصْرِ ؟ ! وَكَانَ رَقِيقَ الْقَلْبِ، شَدِيدَ الْإِشْفَاقِ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَزَلَّ مَنْ لَا عِلْمَ عِنْدِهِ مِمَّنْ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى التَّصَوُّفِ فِي هَذَا الْمَوْضِعِ زَلَلًا شَدِيدًا، فَلَا يُلْتَفَتُ إِلَيْهِ، وَلَعَلَّ الْخَطَّابَيَّ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ. قَالَ فِي الرَّوْضِ: سَبَبُ شِدَّةِ اجْتِهَادِهِ وَنَصَبِهِ فِي الدُّعَاءِ أَنَّهُ رَأَى الْمَلَائِكَةَ تَنْصَبُ فِي الْقِتَالِ وَجِبْرِيلُ عَلَى ثَنَايَاهُ الْغُبَارُ، وَأَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى يَخُوضُونَ غَمَرَاتِ الْمَوْتِ. وَالْجِهَادُ عَلَى ضَرْبَيْنِ: جِهَادٌ بِالسَّيْفِ، وَجِهَادٌ بِالدُّعَاءِ، وَمِنْ سُنَّةِ الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَكُونَ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْجُنْدِ لَا يُقَاتِلُ مَعَهُمْ، فَكَأَنَّ الْكُلَّ فِي جِهَادٍ وَجِدٍّ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِيُرِيحَ نَفْسَهُ مِنْ أَحَدِ الْجِدَّيْنِ وَالْجِهَادَيْنِ وَأَنْصَارُ اللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتُهُ يَجْتَهِدُونَ، وَلَا يُؤْثِرُ الدَّعَةَ وَحِزْبُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى مَعَ أَعْدَائِهِ يَجْتَلِدُونَ.
Translation
✧ [ The Messenger's Entreaty to His Lord for Victory ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ straightened the ranks and returned to the arbor and entered it, and with him therein was Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq, none other being with him therein, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was entreating his Lord for what He had promised him of victory, saying among what he said: "O Allah, if this band perishes today, You will not be worshipped," and Abū Bakr was saying: "O Prophet of Allah, some of your entreaty to your Lord; for Allah will surely fulfill for you what He promised you." And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dozed a light doze while he was in the arbor, then woke and said: "Rejoice, O Abū Bakr, Allah's help has come to you. This is Gabriel holding the rein of a horse he is leading; on his front teeth is dust." Ibn Jarīr, Ibn Abī Ḥātim, and al-Ṭabarānī related from Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī ؓ that ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah said: "O Messenger of Allah, I wish to advise you, though the Messenger of Allah ﷺ is too great to be advised, and Allah, Blessed and Exalted, is too majestic and great for His promise to be invoked." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "O Ibn Rawāḥah, I shall indeed invoke Allah's promise; Allah does not break His tryst." Ibn Saʿd and Ibn Jarīr related from ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ who said: When it was the day of Badr, I fought something of fighting, then I came hastening to the Prophet ﷺ to see what he had done, and behold he was prostrating, saying: "O Living, O Self-Subsisting," adding nothing to them, then I returned to the fighting, then I came and he was prostrating, saying that, then I went to the fighting, then I returned and he was prostrating, saying that; [so Allah granted him victory]. Al-Bayhaqī related with a sound chain from Ibn Masʿūd ؓ who said: I have never heard an entreator entreating words more intense in entreaty than the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to his Lord on the day of Badr; he began saying: "O Allah, I invoke Your covenant and Your promise; O Allah, if this band perishes, You will not be worshipped." Then he turned as if his face were a piece of the moon and said: "It is as if I am looking at the places where the people will fall this evening." Al-Bayhaqī related from Ibn ʿAbbās, Ḥakīm b. Ḥizām, and Ibrāhīm al-Taymī who said: When the fighting approached, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ raised his hands asking Allah for victory and what He had promised him, saying: "O Allah, if they prevail over this band, polytheism will prevail and no religion for You will stand." And Abū Bakr was saying to him: "By Allah, Allah will surely grant you victory and brighten your face." And the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dozed a light doze while he was in the arbor, then woke, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down a thousand angels in ranks at the flanks of the enemy, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Rejoice, O Abū Bakr, this is Gabriel wearing a yellow turban, holding the rein of his horse between heaven and earth; when he descended to the earth, he disappeared from me for a while, then appeared with dust on his front teeth, saying: Allah's help has come to you when you called upon Him." Ibn Abī Shaybah, Imām Aḥmad, Muslim, Abū Dāwūd, al-Tirmidhī, and others related from ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb ؓ who said: When it was the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at the polytheists, and they were a thousand, while his companions were three hundred and nineteen men; so the Prophet of Allah ﷺ faced the qiblah, then stretched out his hands and began crying out to his Lord, saying: "O Allah, fulfill for me what You promised me; O Allah, give me what You promised me; O Allah, if this band of the people of Islam perishes, You will not be worshipped in the land." He did not cease crying out to his Lord, stretching out his hands, facing the qiblah, until his cloak fell from his shoulders; Abū Bakr came to him, took his cloak, cast it back on his shoulders, then embraced him from behind, and said: "O Prophet of Allah, enough of your entreaty to your Lord; for He will surely fulfill for you what He promised you." Then Allah, Exalted, sent down: When you sought help of your Lord, He answered you: I shall reinforce you with a thousand angels riding one behind another [al-Anfāl: 9]. So Allah, Exalted, reinforced him with the angels. Saʿīd b. Manṣūr related from ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUtbah who said: When it was the day of Badr, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ looked at the polytheists and their great number and at the Muslims and deemed them few; he bowed in two rakʿahs, and Abū Bakr stood at his right, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said in his prayer: "O Allah, do not take leave of me; O Allah, do not forsake me; O Allah, I invoke what You promised me." Al-Bukhārī, al-Nasāʾī, and Ibn al-Mundhir related from Ibn ʿAbbās: that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said while he was in a tent on the day of Badr: "O Allah, I invoke Your covenant and Your promise; O Allah, if You will, You will not be worshipped after today." Then Abū Bakr took his hand and said: "Enough, O Messenger of Allah; you have pressed hard upon your Lord." Then he went out leaping in his coat of mail while saying: The host will be routed and they will turn their backs. Nay, but the Hour is their appointed time, and the Hour is more calamitous and more bitter [al-Qamar: 45, 46]. Imām Abū Sulaymān al-Khaṭṭābī, may Allah have mercy on him, said, in essence: It is not permissible for anyone to imagine that Abū Bakr ؓ was more confident in his Lord than the Prophet ﷺ in that situation; rather what moved the Prophet ﷺ to that was his compassion for his companions and his strengthening of their hearts, because it was the first battle he witnessed, so he intensified in turning to Allah, supplication, and humble entreaty, so that their souls might be at ease at that, for they knew that his supplication would be answered. When Abū Bakr said what he said, he stopped that and knew that his prayer had been answered, when Abū Bakr found in himself strength and tranquility; therefore he followed it with his saying: The host will be routed [al-Qamar: 45]. Al-Qāḍī Abū Bakr b. al-ʿArabī, may Allah have mercy on him, said: The Prophet ﷺ was in the station of fear, and his companion in the station of hope, and both stations are equal in virtue. His pupil al-Suhaylī said: he does not mean that the Prophet ﷺ and al-Ṣiddīq are equal, but that hope and fear are two stations essential to faith; Abū Bakr was at that moment in the station of hope in Allah, Exalted, while the Prophet ﷺ was in the station of fear of Allah, Exalted, because Allah, Exalted, does what He wills; so he feared that Allah, Exalted, would not be worshipped in the land thereafter. Qāsim b. Thābit said in his Dalāʾil: Al-Ṣiddīq said to the Prophet ﷺ what he said only out of assistance and tenderness for him, when he saw his toil in supplication and humble entreaty until the cloak fell from his shoulders, so he said to him: Some of this, O Messenger of Allah; that is, why do you tire yourself with such toil when Allah, Exalted, has already promised you victory?! He was tender-hearted, intensely compassionate toward the Prophet ﷺ. And someone who has no knowledge, among those who ascribe to Sufism, slipped in this place with a severe slip, so no attention is paid to him; perhaps al-Khaṭṭābī was referring to him. He said in al-Rawḍ: The cause of his intense exertion and toil in supplication was that he saw the angels in the thick of the fighting, and Gabriel with dust on his front teeth, and the helpers of Allah, Exalted, plunging into the depths of death. Jihād is of two kinds: jihād with the sword and jihād with supplication, and it is the Sunnah of the imam to be behind the army, not fighting with them; so it was as if all were engaged in struggle and striving. He would not have rested himself from either of the two strivings and jihāds while the helpers of Allah and His angels were exerting themselves, nor would he have preferred ease while the party of Allah, Exalted, was clashing with His enemies.
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