Tarikh (al-Tabari) 978
The Great Expedition of Badr
ابْتِدَاءِ الْحَرْبِ وَتَهْيِيجِ الْقِتَالِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ صَفَّ أَصْحَابَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ قُرَيْشٌ، وَطَلَعَتْ قُرَيْشٌ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَصُفُّ أَصْحَابَهُ وَيُعَدِّلُهُمْ، كَأَنَّمَا يُقَوِّمُ بِهِمُ الْقَدَحَ وَمَعَهُ يَوْمَئِذٍ قِدْحٌ، يُشِيرُ إِلَى هَذَا: تَقَدَّمْ، وَإِلَى هَذَا: تَأَخَّرْ، حَتَّى اسْتَوَوْا، وَدَفَعَ رَايَتَهُ إِلَى مُصْعَبِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، فَتَقَدَّمَ حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ يَضَعَهَا، وَوَقَفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَنْظُرُ إِلَى الصُّفُوفِ فَاسْتَقْبَلَ الْمَغْرِبَ، وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ خَلْفَهُ، وَأَقْبَلَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَاسْتَقْبَلُوا الشَّمْسَ، وَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْعُدْوَةِ الشَّامِيَّةِ، وَنَزَلُوا بِالْعُدْوَةِ الْيَمَانِيَةِ، فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنِّي أَرَى أَنْ نَعْلُوَ الْوَادِيَ، فَإِنِّي أَرَى رِيحًا قَدْ هَاجَتْ مِنْ أَعْلَى الْوَادِي، وَإِنِّي أَرَاهَا بُعِثَتْ بِنَصْرِكَ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قَدْ صَفَفْتُ صُفُوفِي وَوَضَعْتُ رَايَتِي، فَلَا أُغَيِّرُ ذَلِكَ» سواد ابن غزية وضرب رسول الله له في بطنه بالقدح وَلَمَّا عَدَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الصُّفُوفَ تَقَدَّمَ سَوَادُ بْنُ غَزِيَّةَ أَمَامَ الصَّفِّ فَدَفَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَطْنِهِ وَقَالَ: «اسْتَوِ يَا سَوَادُ» قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَوْجَعْتَنِي وَالَّذِي بَعَثَكَ بِالْحَقِّ، أَقِدْنِي، فَكَشَفَ ﷺ عَنْ بَطْنِهِ وَقَالَ: «اسْتَقِدْ فَاعْتَنَقَهُ وَقَبَّلَهُ» فَقَالَ: مَا حَمَلَكَ عَلَى مَا صَنَعْتَ، فَقَالَ: حَضَرَ مِنْ أَمْرِ اللَّهِ مَا قَدْ تَرَى، وَخَشِيتُ أَنْ أُقْتَلَ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَكُونَ آخِرُ عَهْدِي بِكَ، وَأَنْ أَعْتَنِقَكَ. وَخَطَبَ ﷺ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «أَمَّا بَعْدُ فَإِنِّي أَحُثُّكُمْ عَلَى مَا حَثَّكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَيْهِ وَأَنْهَاكُمْ عَمَّا نَهَاكُمُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَنْهُ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَظِيمٌ شَأْنُهُ، يَأْمُرُ بِالْحَقِّ، وَيُحِبُّ الصِّدْقَ، وَيُعْطِي عَلَى الْخَيْرِ أَهْلَهُ عَلَى مَنَازِلِهِمْ عِنْدَهُ، بِهِ يُذْكَرُونَ، وَبِهِ يَتَفَاضَلُونَ، وَإِنَّكُمْ قَدْ أَصْبَحْتُمْ بِمَنْزِلٍ مِنْ مَنَازِلِ الْحَقِّ، لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ فِيهِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا مَا ابْتُغِيَ بِهِ وَجْهُهُ، وَإِنَّ الصَّبْرَ فِي مَوَاطِنِ الْبَأْسِ مِمَّا يُفَرِّجُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ بِهِ الْهَمَّ، وَيُنَجِّي بِهِ مِنَ الْغَمِّ، وَتُدْرِكُونَ بِهِ النَّجَاةَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، فِيكُمْ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ يُحَذِّرُكُمْ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ، فَاسْتَحْيُوا الْيَوْمَ أَنْ يَطَّلِعَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى شَيْءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِكُمْ يَمْ?ُتُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: لَمَقْتُ اللَّهِ أَكْبَرُ مِنْ مَقْتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ [غَافِرٍ: 10] انْظُرُوا إِلَى الَّذِي أَمَرَكُمْ بِهِ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، وَأَرَاكُمْ مِنْ آيَاتِهِ، وَأَعَزَّكُمْ بَعْدَ الذِّلَّةِ، فَاسْتَمْسِكُوا بِهِ يَرْضَ بِهِ رَبُّكُمْ عَنْكُمْ، وَأَبْلُوا رَبَّكُمْ فِي هَذِهِ الْمَوَاطِنِ أَمْرًا، تَسْتَوْجِبُوا الَّذِي وَعَدَكُمْ بِهِ مِنْ رَحْمَتِهِ وَمَغْفِرَتِهِ، فَإِنَّ وَعْدَهُ حَقٌّ، وَقَوْلَهُ صِدْقٌ، وَعِقَابَهُ شَدِيدٌ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا وَأَنْتُمْ بِاللَّهِ الْحَيِّ الْقَيُّومِ، إِلَيْهِ أَلْجَأْنَا ظُهُورَنَا وَبِهِ اعْتَصَمْنَا، وَعَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْنَا، وَإِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ، يَغْفِرُ اللَّهُ لَنَا وَلِلْمُسْلِمِينَ» وَتَعَبَّتْ قُرَيْشٌ لِلْقِتَالِ، وَالشَّيْطَانُ لَا يُفَارِقُهُمْ. لواء مشركي قريش قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَكَانَ مَعَهُمْ ثَلَاثَةُ أَلْوِيَةٍ: لِوَاءٌ مَعَ أَبِي عَزِيزِ بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَلِوَاءٌ مَعَ النَّضْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَلِوَاءٌ مَعَ طَلْحَةَ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، وَكُلُّهُمْ مِنْ عَبْدِ الدَّارِ، مقتل الأسود المخزومي وَخَرَجَ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، وَكَانَ رَجُلًا شَرِسًا سَيِّئَ الْخُلُقِ فَقَالَ: أُعَاهِدُ اللَّهَ لَأَشْرَبَنَّ مِنْ حَوْضِكُمْ أَوْ لَأَهْدِمَنَّهُ أَوْ لَأَمُوتَنَّ دُونَهُ، فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ خَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، فَلَمَّا الْتَقَيَا ضَرَبَهُ حَمْزَةُ فَأَطَنَّ قَدَمَهُ بِنِصْفِ سَاقِهِ، وَهُوَ دُونَ الْحَوْضِ، فَوَقَعَ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ تَشْخُبُ رِجْلُهُ دَمًا نَحْوَ أَصْحَابِهِ، ثُمَّ حَبَا إِلَى الْحَوْضِ يُرِيدُ بِزَعْمِهِ أَنْ تَبَرَّ يَمِينُهُ -وَفِي لَفْظٍ: فِي جَوْفِ الْحَوْضِ- فَاتَّبَعَهُ حَمْزَةُ حَتَّى قَتَلَهُ دُونَ الْحَوْضِ، حَتَّى وَقَعَ فِيهِ فَهَدَمَهُ بِرِجْلِهِ الصَّحِيحَةِ، وَشَرِبَ مِنْهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ: وَجَاءَ عُمَيْرُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ فَنَاوَشَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَثَبَتَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ عَلَى حَقِّهِمْ، وَلَمْ يَزُولُوا، وَشَدَّ عَلَيْهِمْ عَامِرُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ، وَنَشَبَتِ الْحَرْبُ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَنْ خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ مِهْجَعُ -بِكَسْرِ الْمِيمِ وَإِسْكَانِ الْهَاءِ فَجِيمٍ مَفْتُوحَةٍ فَعَيْنٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ- ابْنُ عَائِشِ بْنِ عَرِيفٍ مَوْلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ، فَقَتَلَهُ عَامِرُ بْنُ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ. وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ قَتِيلٍ قُتِلَ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ حَارِثَةُ بْنُ سُرَاقَةَ، وَيُقَالُ: قَتَلَهُ حِبَّانُ بْنُ عَرِقَةَ -بِفَتْحِ الْعَيْنِ وَكَسْرِ الرَّاءِ، وَيُقَالُ: بِفَتْحِهَا، فَقَافٍ مَفْتُوحَةٍ- وَيُقَالُ: عُمَيْرُ بْنُ الْحُمَامِ -بِضَمِّ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ- قَتَلَهُ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْأَعْلَمِ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ، بِضَمِّ الْعَيْنِ. وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لِأَصْحَابِهِ: «لَا تُقَاتِلُوا حَتَّى أُوذِنَكُمْ، وَإِنْ كَثَبُوكُمْ فَارْمُوهُمْ بِالنَّبْلِ، وَلَا تَسُلُّوا السُّيُوفَ حَتَّى يَغْشُوكُمْ وَاسْتَبْقُوا نَبْلَكُمْ». فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ دَنَا الْقَوْمُ وَقَدْ نَالُوا مِنَّا، فَاسْتَيْقَظَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ أَرَاهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِيَّاهُمْ فِي مَنَامِهِ قَلِيلًا، فَأَخْبَرَ بِذَلِكَ أَصْحَابَهُ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ تَثْبِيتًا لَهُمْ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَابْنُ الْمُنْذِرِ عَنْ حَبَّانَ بْنِ وَاسِعٍ، عَنْ أَشْيَاخٍ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَدَّلَ صُفُوفَ أَصْحَابِهِ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ، وَرَجَعَ إِلَى الْعَرِيشِ ثُمَّ انْتَبَهَ فَقَالَ: «أَبْشِرْ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ، أَتَاكَ نَصْرُ اللَّهِ، هَذَا جِبْرِيلُ آخِذٌ بِعِنَانِ فَرَسِهِ يَقُودُهُ، عَلَى ثَنَايَاهُ النَّقْعُ». وَخَرَجَ عُتْبَةُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ بَيْنَ أَخِيهِ شَيْبَةَ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ وَابْنِهِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ، حَتَّى إِذَا فَضَلَ مِنَ الصَّفِّ دَعَوْا إِلَى الْمُبَارَزَةِ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ ثَلَاثَةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ وَهُمْ: عَوْفُ وَمُعَاذُ ابْنَا الْحَارِثِ -وَأُمُّهُمَا عَفْرَاءُ- وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُقْبَةَ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَابْنُ عَائِذٍ: وَلَمَّا طَلَبَ الْقَوْمُ الْمُبَارَزَةَ وَقَامَ إِلَيْهِمُ الثَّلَاثَةُ اسْتَحَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ ذَلِكَ؛ لِأَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ قِتَالٍ الْتَقَى فِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَاهِدٌ مَعَهُمْ، فَأَحَبَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَنْ تَكُونَ الشَّوْكَةُ لِبَنِي عَمِّهِ وَقَوْمِهِ فَقَالُوا: مَنْ أَنْتُمْ ؟ قَالُوا: رَهْطٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، فَقَالُوا: أَكْفَاءٌ كِرَامٌ، مَا لَنَا بِكُمْ مِنْ حَاجَةٍ، ثُمَّ نَادَوْا، يَا مُحَمَّدُ أَخْرِجْ إِلَيْنَا أَكْفَاءَنَا مِنْ قَوْمِنَا، فَنَادَاهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «ارْجِعُوا إِلَى مَصَافِّكُمْ وَلْيَقُمْ إِلَيْهِمْ بَنُو عَمِّهِمْ». قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «قُمْ يَا عُبَيْدَةُ بْنَ الْحَارِثِ، وَقُمْ يَا حَمْزَةُ، وَقُمْ يَا عَلِيُّ -وَكَانَ عَلِيٌّ مُعَلَّمًا بِصُوفَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ- فَقَاتِلُوا بِحَقِّكُمُ الَّذِي بُعِثَ بِهِ نَبِيُّكُمْ إِذْ جَاءُوا بِبَاطِلِهِمْ لِيُطْفِئُوا نُورَ اللَّهِ» فَلَمَّا قَامُوا وَدَنَوْا مَعَهُمْ قَالُوا: مَنْ أَنْتُمْ ؟ تَكَلَّمُوا، فَقَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ: أَنَا عُبَيْدَةُ، وَقَالَ حَمْزَةُ: أَنَا حَمْزَةُ، وَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَنَا عَلِيٌّ. قَالُوا: نَعَمْ، أَكْفَاءٌ كِرَامٌ، فَبَارَزَ عُبَيْدَةُ -وَكَانَ أَسَنَّ الْقَوْمِ- عُتْبَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، وَبَارَزَ حَمْزَةُ شَيْبَةَ، وَبَارَزَ عَلِيٌّ الْوَلِيدَ بْنَ عُتْبَةَ. فَأَمَّا حَمْزَةُ فَلَمْ يُمْهِلْ شَيْبَةَ أَنْ قَتَلَهُ، وَأَمَّا عَلِيٌّ فَلَمْ يُمْهِلِ الْوَلِيدَ أَنْ قَتَلَهُ، وَاخْتَلَفَ عُبَيْدَةُ وَعُتْبَةُ بَيْنَهُمَا ضَرْبَتَيْنِ، كِلَاهُمَا أَثْبَتَ صَاحِبَهُ. وَضَرَبَ شَيْبَةُ رِجْلَ عُبَيْدَةَ فَقَطَعَهَا، وَكَرَّ حَمْزَةُ وَعَلِيٌّ بِأَسْيَافِهِمَا عَلَى عُتْبَةَ فَذَفَّفَا عَلَيْهِ وَاحْتَمَلَا صَاحِبَهُمَا، فَحَازَاهُ إِلَى أَصْحَابِهِ، وَلَمَّا جَاءُوا بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَضْجَعُوهُ إِلَى جَانِبِ مَوْقِفِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَأَفْرَشَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَدَمَهُ الشَّرِيفَةَ، وَقَالَ عُبَيْدَةُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَنَّ أَبَا طَالِبٍ حَيٌّ لَعَلِمَ أَنِّي أَحَقُّ بِقَوْلِهِ: كَذَّبْتُمْ وَبَيْتِ اللَّهِ نُبْزَى مُحَمَّدًا وَلَمَّا نُطَاعِنْ حَوْلَهُ وَنُنَاضِلِ وَنُسْلِمُهُ حَتَّى نُصَرَّعَ حَوْلَهُ وَنُذْهَلَ عَنْ أَبْنَائِنَا وَالْحَلَائِلِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَشْهَدُ أَنَّكَ شَهِيدٌ». رَوَاهُ الْإِمَامُ الشَّافِعِيُّ. سبب نزول قوله تعالى هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ وَعَنْ قَيْسِ بْنِ عُبَادٍ -بِضَمِّ الْعَيْنِ وَتَخْفِيفِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ- فَقَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا ذَرٍّ يُقْسِمُ قَسَمًا: أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ [الْحَجِّ: 19] نَزَلَتْ فِي الَّذِينَ بَرَزُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: حَمْزَةُ، وَعَلِيٌّ، وَعُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَعُتْبَةُ وَشَيْبَةُ ابْنَا رَبِيعَةَ، وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ، رَوَاهُ الشَّيْخَانِ. وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي الَّذِينَ تَبَارَزُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: حَمْزَةُ وَعَلِيٌّ وَعُبَيْدَةُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَعُتْبَةُ وَشَيْبَةُ ابْنَا رَبِيعَةَ وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ عُتْبَةَ. قَالَ عَلِيٌّ: أَنَا أَوَّلُ مَنْ يَجْثُو لِلْخُصُومَةِ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ ؓ قَالَ: فِينَا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ هَذَانِ خَصْمَانِ اخْتَصَمُوا فِي رَبِّهِمْ. قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: وَلَمَّا قُتِلَ هَؤُلَاءِ وَرَجَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ قَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ وَأَصْحَابُهُ: لَنَا الْعُزَّى وَلَا عُزَّى لَكُمْ، نَادَى مُنَادِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «اللَّهُ مَوْلَانَا وَلَا مَوْلَى لَكُمْ، قَتْلَانَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَقَتْلَاكُمْ فِي النَّارِ». رَوَاهُ ابْنُ أَبِي حَاتِمٍ، وَقَلَّلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي أَعْيُنِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَقَلَّلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فِي أَعْيُنِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، حَتَّى قَالَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ: إِنَّ مُحَمَّدًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ أَكَلَةُ جَزُورٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُتْبَةَ: وَعَجَّ الْمُسْلِمُونَ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى بِالدُّعَاءِ حِينَ رَأَوُا الْقِتَالَ قَدْ نَشِبَ.
Translation
✧ The beginning of the war and the stirring up of fighting on the day of Badr When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ arose in the morning, he arrayed his companions before Quraysh descended, and Quraysh appeared while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was arraying his companions and straightening them, as if he were aligning arrows with them. He had with him that day an arrow, indicating to this one: advance, and to this one: fall back, until they stood even. He handed his banner to Muṣʿab b. ʿUmayr, who advanced to where the Messenger of Allah ﷺ commanded him to place it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ stood observing the ranks, facing the west, with the sun behind him. The polytheists approached and faced the sun. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ encamped on the Syrian side of the valley, and they encamped on the Yemeni side. A man came and said: O Messenger of Allah, I think we should ascend the valley, for I see a wind that has stirred from the top of the valley, and I think it has been sent with your victory. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I have arrayed my ranks and placed my banner, so I will not change that." Sawād b. Ghaziyya and the Messenger of Allah struck him in the belly with the arrow. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ had straightened the ranks, Sawād b. Ghaziyya stepped forward in front of the rank, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ poked him in the belly and said: "Stand straight, O Sawād." He said: O Messenger of Allah, you have hurt me; by the One who sent you with the truth, give me retaliation. He ﷺ uncovered his belly and said: "Take your retaliation." So he embraced him and kissed him. He said: What made you do what you did? He said: What you see of God's affair has come, and I feared I would be killed, so I wanted my last contact with you to be embracing you. He ﷺ delivered a sermon, praising and extolling God, then said: "To proceed: I urge you to what God, Mighty and Majestic, has urged you, and I forbid you from what God, Mighty and Majestic, has forbidden you. For God, Mighty and Majestic, great is His affair: He commands the truth, loves honesty, and gives to the people of good according to their stations with Him. By it they are remembered, and by it they excel. You have now reached a station among the stations of truth in which God accepts from no one except what is sought for His sake. Patience in the places of hardship is among what God, Mighty and Majestic, relieves anxiety with, saves from grief with, and by which you attain deliverance in the Hereafter. Among you is the Prophet of God, warning you and commanding you. So be ashamed today that God, Mighty and Majestic, should look upon anything of your affair that would make Him abhor you. For God, Mighty and Majestic, says: 'The abhorrence of God is greater than your abhorrence of yourselves' [Ghāfir: 10]. Look to what He has commanded you in His Book, what He has shown you of His signs, and how He has honored you after abasement. Hold fast to it, and your Lord will be pleased with you. Prove yourselves to your Lord in these places with a matter that will make you deserve what He promised you of His mercy and forgiveness. For His promise is true, His word is truthful, and His punishment is severe. I and you are but with God, the Living, the Self-Subsisting. To Him we have turned our backs for refuge, in Him we have sought protection, upon Him we rely, and to Him is the return. May God forgive us and the Muslims." Quraysh prepared for battle, and Satan did not leave them. The banner of the polytheists of Quraysh. Ibn Saʿd said: They had three banners: a banner with Abū ʿAzīz b. ʿUmayr, a banner with al-Naḍr b. al-Ḥārith, and a banner with Ṭalḥa b. Abī Ṭalḥa—all of them from ʿAbd al-Dār. The killing of al-Aswad al-Makhzūmī. Al-Aswad b. ʿAbd al-Asad al-Makhzūmī came out, and he was a harsh, ill-tempered man. He said: I pledge to God that I will drink from your cistern, or demolish it, or die before it. When he came out, Ḥamza b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib came out to him. When they met, Ḥamza struck him and cut off his foot with half his shin, while he was before the cistern. He fell on his back, his leg gushing blood toward his companions. Then he crawled to the cistern, intending—as he claimed—to fulfill his oath—in another wording: into the middle of the cistern. Ḥamza pursued him until he killed him before the cistern, until he fell into it; then he demolished it with his sound leg and drank from it. Ibn Saʿd said: ʿUmayr b. Wahb came and skirmished with the Muslims, and the Muslims held firm to their right and did not budge. ʿĀmir b. al-Ḥaḍramī charged them, and the war broke out. The first of the Muslims to come out was Mihjaʿ—with kasra on the mīm, sukūn on the hāʾ, then jīm with fatḥa, then unpointed ʿayn—b. ʿĀʾish b. ʿArīf, the client of ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, and ʿĀmir b. al-Ḥaḍramī killed him. The first of the Anṣār to be killed was Ḥāritha b. Surāqa. It is said: Ḥibbān b. ʿAriqa killed him—with fatḥa on the ʿayn and kasra on the rāʾ, and it is said with fatḥa on it, then qāf with fatḥa—and it is said: ʿUmayr b. al-Ḥumām—with ḍamma on the unpointed ḥāʾ—Khālid b. al-Aʿlam al-ʿUqaylī killed him, with ḍamma on the ʿayn. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to his companions: "Do not fight until I give you leave. If they come close to you, shoot them with arrows, and do not draw swords until they close with you. Save your arrows." Abū Bakr said: O Messenger of Allah, the people have drawn near and they have reached us. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ woke, and God Most High had shown them to him in his sleep as few. He told his companions of that, and that was a reassurance for them. Ibn Isḥāq and Ibn al-Mundhir related from Ḥabbān b. Wāsiʿ, from elders of his people, that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ straightened the ranks of his companions on the day of Badr, then returned to the arbor. Then he woke and said: "Rejoice, O Abū Bakr; God's help has come to you. This is Gabriel, holding the rein of his horse, leading it; on his front teeth is dust." ʿUtba b. Rabīʿa came out between his brother Shayba b. Rabīʿa and his son al-Walīd b. ʿUtba, until when he was ahead of the rank, they called for single combat. Three of the Anṣār came out to them: ʿAwf and Muʿādh, the two sons of al-Ḥārith—their mother was ʿAfrāʾ—and ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥa. Ibn ʿUqba, Ibn Saʿd, and Ibn ʿĀʾidh said: When the people sought single combat and the three stood up to them, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was ashamed of that, because it was the first battle in which the Muslims and the polytheists met, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was present with them. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ preferred that the strength should be for his paternal cousins and his people. They said: Who are you? They said: A group of the Anṣār. They said: Worthy and noble peers, but we have no need of you. Then they called out: O Muḥammad, bring out to us our peers from our people. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ called to them: "Return to your ranks, and let their paternal cousins stand against them." Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Rise, O ʿUbayda b. al-Ḥārith; rise, O Ḥamza; rise, O ʿAlī"—and ʿAlī was marked with a white wool tuft—"and fight for your truth with which your Prophet was sent, when they came with their falsehood to extinguish the light of God." When they rose and drew near them, they said: Who are you? Speak. ʿUbayda said: I am ʿUbayda. Ḥamza said: I am Ḥamza. ʿAlī said: I am ʿAlī. They said: Yes, worthy and noble peers. So ʿUbayda—the oldest of the people—fought ʿUtba b. Rabīʿa in single combat; Ḥamza fought Shayba; and ʿAlī fought al-Walīd b. ʿUtba. As for Ḥamza, he did not give Shayba respite before killing him. As for ʿAlī, he did not give al-Walīd respite before killing him. ʿUbayda and ʿUtba exchanged two blows, each of them wounding his opponent. Shayba struck ʿUbayda's leg and cut it off. Ḥamza and ʿAlī turned with their swords on ʿUtba and finished him off, then carried their companion and brought him to their comrades. When they brought him to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, they laid him beside the station of the Prophet ﷺ, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ spread his noble foot under him. ʿUbayda said: O Messenger of Allah, if Abū Ṭālib were alive, he would know that I am more worthy of his saying: You lied, by the House of God, that we abandon Muḥammad while we have not yet thrust around him or shot arrows. We will not surrender him until we are struck down around him, heedless of our sons and our wives. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I bear witness that you are a martyr." Al-Imām al-Shāfiʿī related it. The reason for the revelation of the words of the Most High: "These two adversaries disputed concerning their Lord." From Qays b. ʿUbād—with ḍamma on the ʿayn and tashdīd removed on the bāʾ—who said: I heard Abū Dharr swear an oath that this verse "These two adversaries disputed concerning their Lord" [al-Ḥajj: 19] was revealed about those who came out for single combat on the day of Badr: Ḥamza, ʿAlī, ʿUbayda b. al-Ḥārith, and ʿUtba and Shayba the two sons of Rabīʿa, and al-Walīd b. ʿUtba. The two Shaykhs related it. From ʿAlī ؓ who said: This verse was revealed about those who fought in single combat on the day of Badr: Ḥamza, ʿAlī, ʿUbayda b. al-Ḥārith, and ʿUtba and Shayba the two sons of Rabīʿa, and al-Walīd b. ʿUtba. ʿAlī said: I am the first who will kneel for the dispute before God, Mighty and Majestic, on the Day of Resurrection. Al-Bukhārī related from ʿAlī ؓ who said: About us this verse was revealed: "These two adversaries disputed concerning their Lord." Abū al-ʿĀliya said: When these were killed and those returned, Abū Jahl and his companions said: The ʿUzzā is ours, and you have no ʿUzzā. The caller of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called out: "God is our Protector, and you have no protector. Our slain are in Paradise, and your slain are in the Fire." Ibn Abī Ḥātim related it. God Most High made the polytheists few in the eyes of the Muslims, and made the Muslims few in the eyes of the polytheists, until Abū Jahl said: Muḥammad and his companions are camel-eaters. Ibn ʿUtba said: The Muslims raised their voices in supplication to God Most High when they saw that fighting had broken out.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.