Tarikh (al-Tabari) 88
The story of Noah (peace be upon him)
الْأَحْدَاثِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ اقتسام أولاد نوح الأرض فَمِنَ الْأَحْدَاثِ: اقْتِسَامُ أَوْلَادِ نُوحٍ الْأَرْضَ : وَقَدْ ذَكَرْنَا أَنَّ يَالِغَ بْنَ عَامِرٍ قَسَمَ الْأَرْضَ، فَنَزَلَ بَنُو سَامٍ سُرَّةَ الْأَرْضِ، وَهُوَ مَا بَيْنَ سَاتِيدْمَا إِلَى الْبَحْرِ، وَمَا بَيْنَ الْيَمَنِ إِلَى الشَّامِ، وَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ فِيهِمُ النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ وَالْجَمَالَ وَالْأُدْمَةَ وَالْبَيَاضَ، وَنَزَلَ بَنُو حَامٍ مَجْرَى الْجَنُوبِ وَالدَّبُورِ، وَجَعَلَ اللَّهُ فِيهِمْ أُدْمَةً وَبَيَاضًا قَلِيلًا وَرَفَعَ عَنْهُمُ الطَّاعُونَ. وَنَزَلَ بَنُو يَافِثٍ مَجْرَى الشَّمَالِ وَالصَّبَا، وَفِيهِمُ الْحُمْرَةُ وَالشُّقْرَةُ، وَأَخْلَى اللَّهُ أَرْضَهُمْ فَاشْتَدَّ بَرْدُهَا، وَأَخْلَى سَمَاءَهُمْ، فَلَيْسَ يَجْرِي فَوْقَهُمْ شَيْءٌ مِنَ النُّجُومِ السَّبْعَةِ الْجَارِيَةِ، لِأَنَّهُمْ صَارُوا تَحْتَ "بَنَاتِ نَعْشٍ" وَالْجَدْيِ وَالْفَرْقَدَيْنِ، وَابْتُلُوا بِالطَّاعُونِ. ثُمَّ لَحِقَتْ عَادٌ بِالشَّحْرِ، فَعَلَيْهِ هَلَكُوا بِوَادٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ "مُغِيثٌ". وَلَحِقَتْ عَبْلٌ، وَهُوَ عَبْلُ بْنُ عَوْصِ بْنِ آدَمَ صَنْعَاءَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُسَمَّى صَنْعَاءَ، ثُمَّ انْحَدَرَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى يَثْرِبَ فَأَخْرَجُوا مِنْهَا عَبْلَ فَنَزَلُوا مَوْضِعَ الْجُحْفَةِ، فَأَقْبَلَ سَيْلٌ فَاحَتَجَفَهُمْ، فَذَهَبَ بِهِمْ فَسُمِّيَتِ الْحُجْفَةُ. وَلَحِقَتْ ثَمُودُ بِالْحِجْرِ، وَلَحِقَتْ طَسَمُ وَجَدِيسٌ بِالْيَمَامَةِ، وَلَحِقَتْ بَنُو يَقْطَنِ بْنِ عَامِرٍ بِالْيَمَنِ فَسُمِّيَتِ الْيَمَنُ حَيْثُ تَيَامَنُوا إِلَيْهَا. وَلَحِقَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ بَنِي كَنْعَانَ بِالشَّامِ فَسُمِّيَتِ الشَّامُ حَيْثُ تَشَامَوْا، وَكَانَتِ الشَّامُ يُقَالُ لَهَا أَرْضُ كَنْعَانَ. وَكَانَتِ الْعَمَالِيقُ فِي بُلْدَانٍ شَتَّى، وَكَانَ مِنْهُمْ بِالْمُشْرِقِ إِلَى عَمَّانَ، وَبِالْبَحْرَيْنِ طَائِفَةٌ، وَكَانَ بِالشَّامِ وَمِصْرَ وَمَكَّةَ وَالْمَدِينَةَ وَالْحِجَازَ وَنَجْدٍ مِنْهُمْ طَائِفَةٌ. وَالطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ مِنْهُمْ بِالشَّامِ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ "الْكَنْعَانِيُّونَ" وَكَانُوا أَصْحَابَ أَوْثَانٍ يَعْبُدُونَهَا، وَهُمُ الْجَبَابِرَةُ الْمَعْرُوفُونَ. وَالطَّائِفَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بِمِصْرَ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ "الْفَرَاعِنَةُ"، وَمِنْهُمْ فِرْعَوْنُ يُوسُفَ، وَكَانَ اسْمُهُ الرَّيَّانُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ، وَفِرْعَوْنُ مُوسَى وَكَانَ اسْمُهُ وَائِلُ بْنُ مُصْعَبٍ. وَكَانَ بِمَكَّةَ أَيْضًا طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ، وَكَانَ سَيِّدُهُمْ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي نَزَلَ عَلَيْهِ وَفْدُ عَادٍ حِينَ ذَهَبُوا يَسْتَسْقُونَ لِعَادٍ، وَكَانَ مُعَاوِيَةُ هَذَا نَازِلًا بِظَاهِرِ مَكَّةَ خَارِجًا مِنَ الْحَرَمِ، وَكَانَ يُتَّخَذُ مِنْهُمْ نَاسٌ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: "بُدَيْلٌ وَرَاجِلٌ". فَكَانَ بِالْمَدِينَةِ مِنْهُمْ بَنُو حَفٍّ وَسَعْدِ بْنِ هَزَّانَ وَبَنُو مَطَرٍ وَبَنُو الْأَرْزَنِ، وَكَانَ مَلِكُ الْحِجَازِ مِنْهُمُ الْمَلِكُ الَّذِي يُدْعَى الْأَرْقَمَ، وَكَانَ مَنْزِلُهُ تَيْمَاءُ، وَكَانَتْ مَنَازِلُهُمُ الْمَدِينَةَ إِلَى تَيْمَاءَ وَإِلَى فَدَكٍ. عبادة الأصنام بعد نوح وَمِنَ الْأَحْدَاثِ الَّتِي كَانَتْ بَعْدَ نُوحٍ عُبَادَةُ الْأَصْنَامِ : رَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ فِي أَفْرَادِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: وَدٌّ، وَسُوَاعٌ، وَيَغُوثُ، وَيَعُوقُ، وَنَسْرٌ أَسْمَاءُ قَوْمٍ صَالِحِينَ مِنْ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ، فَلَمَّا هَلَكُوا أَوْحَى الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَى قَوْمِهِمْ أَنِ انْصِبُوا فِي مَجَالِسِهِمْ أَنْصَابًا وَسَمُّوهَا بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ، فَفَعَلُوا فَلَمْ تُعْبَدْ حَتَّى هَلَكَ أُولَئِكَ، وَنُسِخَ الْعِلْمُ فَعُبِدَتْ، وَصَارَتْ تِلْكَ الْأَوْثَانُ فِي الْعَرَبِ بَعْدُ. أَمَّا وِدٌّ فَكَانَ لِكَلْبٍ بِدَوْمَةِ الْجَنْدَلِ، وَأَمَّا سُوَاعٌ فَكَانَ لِهُذَيْلٍ، وَأَمَّا يَغُوثُ فَكَانَ لِمُرَادِ بَنِي غَطِيفٍ بِالْجَرْفِ، وَأَمَّا يَعُوقُ فَكَانَ لِهَمْدَانَ، وَأَمَّا نَسْرٌ فَكَانَ لِحِمْيَرَ لِآلِ ذِي الْكُلَاعِ. وَمِنَ الْأَحْدَاثِ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ طُغْيَانُ جَنِينٍ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ إِرَمَ: وَهُمَا: عَادُ بْنُ عَوْصِ بْنِ إِرَمَ بْنِ سَامِ بْنِ نُوحٍ، وَهِيَ عَادٌ الْأُولَى، وَثَمُودُ بْنُ جَاثِرِ بْنِ إِرَمَ، وَهُمْ كَانُوا الْعَرَبَ الْعَارِبَةَ. وَكَانَ بَيْنَ نُوحٍ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ دَانْيَالُ الْأَكْبَرُ فَأَمَّا دَانْيَالُ الْأَصْغَرُ فَكَانَ فِي زَمَانِ نَصَّرَ. فعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ -عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- إِلَى دَانِيَالَ الْأَكْبَرِ أَنْ يُجْرِيَ لِعِبَادِي نَهْرَيْنِ وَاجْعَلْ مَفِيضَهُمَا الْبَحْرَ، فَقَدْ أَمَرْتُ الْأَرْضَ أَنْ تُعْطِيَكَ، قَالَ: فَأَخَذَ قَنَاةً أَوْ قَصَبَةً فَجَعَلَ يَخُدُّ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَيُتْبِعُهُ الْمَاءَ، وَإِذَا مَرَّ بِأَرْضِ شَيْخٍ كَبِيرٍ أَوْ يَتِيمٍ نَاشَدَهُ اللَّهَ فَيَحِيدُ عَنْ أَرْضِهِ، فَعَوَاقِيلُ دِجْلَةَ وَالْفُرَاتِ مِنْ ذَلِكَ. وعَنْ أَبِي عِمْرَانَ الْحُوفِيِّ، قَالَ: كَانَ أَنْفُ دَانْيَالَ ذِرَاعًا.
Translation
✧ The events that occurred between Nūḥ and Ibrāhīm (peace be upon them) Division of the earth among the sons of Nūḥ: Among the events is the division of the earth by the sons of Nūḥ: We have mentioned that Yāligh b. ʿĀmir divided the earth. The Banū Sām settled in the center of the earth, which is between Sātīdmā and the sea, and between al-Yaman and al-Shām. Allah, glorified be He, placed among them prophethood, the Book, beauty, dark-brown complexion, and white complexion. The Banū Ḥām settled in the path of the south and west winds. Allah placed among them dark-brown complexion and a little whiteness, and removed the plague from them. The Banū Yāfith settled in the path of the north and east winds. Among them were redness and blondeness. Allah emptied their land, so its cold became severe, and He emptied their sky, so none of the seven moving stars passed above them, because they came to be beneath "Banāt Naʿsh," al-Jady, and al-Farqadayn. They were afflicted with the plague. Then ʿĀd joined al-Shiḥr, and there they perished in a valley called "Mughīth." ʿAbl, who is ʿAbl b. ʿAwṣ b. Ādam, joined Ṣanʿāʾ before it was named Ṣanʿāʾ. Then some of them descended to Yathrib and expelled ʿAbl from it. They settled at the place of al-Juḥfah. A flood came and swept them away, carrying them off, so it was called al-Ḥujfah. Thamūd joined al-Ḥijr. Ṭasam and Jadīs joined al-Yamāmah. The Banū Yaqṭan b. ʿĀmir joined al-Yaman, so it was called al-Yaman because they went rightward (tayāmanū) toward it. A people from the Banū Kanʿān joined al-Shām, so it was called al-Shām because they went leftward (tashāmaʾū). Al-Shām used to be called the land of Kanʿān. The ʿAmālīq were in various lands. Among them were those in the east as far as ʿAmmān, and in al-Baḥrayn there was a group. In al-Shām, Miṣr, Makkah, al-Madīnah, al-Ḥijāz, and Najd there was a group of them. The group among them in al-Shām was called "al-Kanʿāniyyūn." They were idol worshippers, and they are the well-known jabābirah (tyrants). The group in Miṣr was called "al-Farāʿinah." Among them was the Firʿawn of Yūsuf, whose name was al-Rayyān b. al-Walīd, and the Firʿawn of Mūsā, whose name was Wāʾil b. Muṣʿab. There was also a group of them in Makkah. Their leader was Bakr b. Muʿāwiyah. He was the one upon whom the delegation of ʿĀd alighted when they went to seek rain for ʿĀd. This Muʿāwiyah was staying on the outskirts of Makkah, outside the Ḥaram. From among them, people were taken who were called "Budayl and Rājil." In al-Madīnah there were among them the Banū Ḥaff, Saʿd b. Hazzān, Banū Maṭar, and Banū al-Arzan. The king of al-Ḥijāz among them was the king called al-Arqam. His residence was Taymāʾ. Their dwellings extended from al-Madīnah to Taymāʾ and to Fadak. Idol worship after Nūḥ: Among the events that occurred after Nūḥ is the worship of idols: Al-Bukhārī narrated in his singular narrations from the ḥadīth of Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Wadd, Suwāʿ, Yaghūth, Yaʿūq, and Nasr were names of righteous men from the people of Nūḥ. When they perished, Satan inspired their people to set up images in their gathering places and name them after those men. They did so, but they were not worshipped until those people perished and knowledge was lost, and then they were worshipped. Those idols later came to be among the Arabs. As for Wadd, it belonged to Kalb at Dūmat al-Jandal. As for Suwāʿ, it belonged to Hudhayl. As for Yaghūth, it belonged to Murād of the Banū Ghaṭīf at al-Jurf. As for Yaʿūq, it belonged to Hamdān. As for Nasr, it belonged to Ḥimyar of the family of Dhū al-Kalāʿ. Among the events between Nūḥ and Ibrāhīm is the tyranny of two nations from the descendants of Iram: They are: ʿĀd b. ʿAwṣ b. Iram b. Sām b. Nūḥ, and that is the first ʿĀd, and Thamūd b. Jāthir b. Iram. They were the Arab al-ʿĀribah. Between Nūḥ and Ibrāhīm was Dānyāl the Elder. As for Dānyāl the Younger, he was in the time of Naṣṣar. From Ibn ʿAbbās, who said: Allah, Mighty and Sublime, revealed to Dānyāl the Elder that he should make two rivers flow for My servants and make their outflow the sea, for I have commanded the earth to give to you. He said: He took a canal or a reed and began to dig in the earth while the water followed him. Whenever he passed by the land of an old man or an orphan, they adjured him by Allah, and he turned aside from their land. The bends of the Tigris and the Euphrates are from that. From Abū ʿImrān al-Ḥūfī, who said: The nose of Dānyāl was a cubit long.
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