Tarikh (al-Tabari) 873
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
عَنْ عِمَارَةَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ الْمَدِينَةَ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، وَكَانُوا أَخْوَالَهُ لِأَنَّ أُمَّ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ مِنْهُمْ كَمَا تَقَدَّمَ فِي بَابِ النَّسَبِ. فَجَاؤُوا مُتَقَلِّدِينَ السُّيُوفَ، فَقَالُوا لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَلِأَصْحَابِهِ: «ارْكَبُوا آمِنِينَ مُطَاعِينَ». وَكَانَ الْيَوْمُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فَلَمَّا ارْتَفَعَ النَّهَارُ دَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِرَاحِلَتِهِ وَحُشِدَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ وَلَبِسُوا السِّلَاحَ، وَرَكِبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَاقَتَهُ الْقَصْوَاءَ وَالنَّاسُ مَعَهُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ شِمَالِهِ وَخَلْفَهُ مِنْهُمُ الْمَاشِي وَالرَّاكِبُ فَاجْتَمَعَتْ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَخَرَجْتَ مَلَالًا لَنَا أَمْ تُرِيدُ دَارًا خَيْرًا مِنْ دَارِنَا؟ قَالَ: «إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ بِقَرْيَةٍ تَأْكُلُ الْقِرَى فَخَلُّوهَا- أَيْ نَاقَتَهُ- فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ»، فَخَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قُبَاءَ يُرِيدُ الْمَدِينَةَ فَتَلَقَّاهُ النَّاسُ فَخَرَجُوا فِي الطُّرُقِ وَعَلَى الْأَبَاعِرِ وَصَارَ الْخَدَمُ وَالصِّبْيَانُ يَقُولُونَ: «اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ، جَاءَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ جَاءَ مُحَمَّدٌ» قَالَ أَنَسٌ فِيمَا رَوَاهُ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ: «إِنِّي لَأَسْعَى مَعَ الْغِلْمَانِ إِذْ قَالُوا: مُحَمَّدٌ جَاءَ فَنَنْطَلِقُ فَلَا نَرَى شَيْئًا، حَتَّى أَقْبَلَ وَصَاحِبُهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَكَمِنَّا فِي بَعْضِ جُدُرِ الْمَدِينَةِ وَبَعَثَا رَجُلًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَادِيَةِ لِيُؤْذِنَ بِهِمَا الْأَنْصَارَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُمَا زُهَاءُ خَمْسِمِائَةٍ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ، حَتَّى انْتَهَوْا إِلَيْهِمَا فَقَالَتِ الْأَنْصَارُ: انْطَلَقَا آمِنِينَ مُطَاعِينَ. فَأَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصَاحَبَهُ بَيْنَ أَظْهُرِهِمْ، فَخَرَجَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ حَتَّى أَنَّ الْعَوَاتِقَ لِفَوْقِ الْبُيُوتِ يَتَرَاءَيْنَهُ يَقُلْنَ: أَيُّهُمْ هُوَ؟ أَيُّهُمْ هُوَ؟ فَمَا رَأَيْنَا مَنْظَرًا شَبِيهًا بِهِ يَوْمَئِذٍ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي خَيْثَمَةَ ؓ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ يَوْمَ دَخَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ فَلَمْ أَرَ يَوْمًا أَحْسَنَ مِنْهُ وَلَا أَضْوَأَ». فَلَمْ يَمُرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِدَارٍ مِنْ دُورِ الْأَنْصَارِ إِلَّا قَالُوا: «هَلُمَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلَى الْعِزِّ وَالْمَنَعَةِ وَالثَّرْوَةِ». فَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ خَيْرًا وَيَدْعُو أَوْ يَقُولُ: «إِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ خَلُّوا سَبِيلَهَا»، فَمَرَّ بِبَنِي سَالِمٍ فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عِتْبَانُ- بِكَسْرِ الْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ- ابْنُ مَالِكٍ، وَنَوْفَلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْعَجْلَانِ، وَهُوَ آخِذٌ بِزِمَامِ رَاحِلَتِهِ، فَقَالَ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْزِلْ فِينَا فَإِنَّ فِينَا الْعَدَدَ وَالْعَشِيرَةَ وَالْحَلْقَةَ، وَنَحْنُ أَصْحَابُ الْفَضَاءِ وَالْحَدَائِقِ وَالدَّرْكِ، يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ كَانَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ يَدْخُلُ هَذِهِ الْبَحْرَةَ خَائِفًا فَيَلْجَأُ إِلَيْنَا فَنَقُولُ لَهُ: «قَوْقِلْ حَيْثُ شِئْتَ». فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَتَبَسَّمُ وَيَقُولُ: «خَلُّوا سَبِيلَهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ»، فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ عُبَادَةُ بْنُ الصَّامِتِ، وَعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ نَضْلَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ الْعَجْلَانِ، فَجَعَلَا يَقُولَانِ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْزِلْ فِينَا»، فَيَقُولُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «بَارَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ». فَلَمَّا أَتَى مَسْجِدَ بَنِي سَالِمٍ وَهُوَ الْمَسْجِدُ الَّذِي فِي الْوَادِي: وَادِي رَانُونَاءَ، أَدْرَكَتْهُ الْجُمُعَةُ هُنَاكَ فَصَلَّاهَا فِيهِ وَكَانَتْ أَوَّلَ جُمُعَةٍ صَلَّاهَا فِي الْمَدِينَةِ، وَقِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُصَلِّي الْجُمُعَةَ بِمَسْجِدِ قُبَاءَ، وَعِنْدَ ابْنِ سَعْدٍ أَنَّهُ صَلَّى مَعَهُ الْجُمْعَةَ مِائَةُ نَفْسٍ، ثُمَّ أَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ يَمِينِ الطَّرِيقِ [حَتَّى جَاءَ بَنُو الْحُبْلَى]، فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْزِلَ عَلَى عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيِّ [بْنِ سَلُولَ]، وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ سَيِّدُ الْخَزْرَجِ فِي أَنْفُسِهَا فَقَالَ: اذْهَبْ إِلَى الَّذِينَ دَعَوْكَ فَانْزِلْ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَقَالَ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ: «لَا تَجِدْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فِي نَفْسِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، فَقَدْ قَدِمْتَ عَلَيْنَا وَالْخَزْرَجُ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تُمَلِّكَهُ عَلَيْهَا، فَلَمَّا رَدَّ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ بِالْحَقِّ الَّذِي أَعْطَاكَ شَرَقَ بِذَلِكَ وَلَكِنَّ هَذِهِ دَارِي، مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِبَنِي سَاعِدَةَ فَقَالَ لَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ عُبَادَةَ، وَالْمُنْذِرُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، وَأَبُو دُجَانَةَ: «هَلُمَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِلَى الْعِزِّ وَالثَّرْوَةِ وَالْقُوَّةِ وَالْجَلَدِ»، وَسَعْدٌ يَقُولُ: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ مِنْ قَوْمِي رَجُلٌ أَكْثَرُ عَذْقًا وَلَا فَمَ بِئْرٍ مِنِّي مَعَ الثَّرْوَةِ وَالْجَلَدِ وَالْعَدَدِ فَيَقُولُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «يَا أَبَا ثَابِتٍ خَلِّ سَبِيلَهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ». فَمَضَى وَاعْتَرَضَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ، وَعَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ رَوَاحَةَ، وَبَشِيرُ بْنُ سَعْدٍ، فَقَالُوا: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا تُجَاوِزْنَا فَإِنَّا أَهْلُ عَدَدٍ وَثَرْوَةٍ وَحَلْقَةٍ»، قَالَ: «بَارَكَ اللَّهُ فِيكُمْ، خَلُّوا سَبِيلَهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ»، وَاعْتَرَضَهُ زِيَادُ بْنُ لَبِيدٍ، وَفَرْوَةُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، مِنْ بَنِي بَيَاضَةَ، فَقَالَا: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْمُوَاسَاةِ وَالْعِزِّ وَالثَّرْوَةِ وَالْعَدَدِ وَالْقُوَّةِ، نَحْنُ أَهْلُ الدَّرْكِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ»، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ: «خَلُّوا سَبِيلَهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ». وَفِي حَدِيثِ الْبَرَاءِ فَقَالَ: «إِنِّي أَنْزِلُ عَلَى أَخْوَالِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ أُكْرِمُهُمْ بِذَلِكَ». ثُمَّ مَرَّ بِبَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ وَهُمْ أَخْوَالُهُ فَقَامَ أَبُو سَلِيطٍ وَصِرْمَةُ بْنُ أَبِي أَنَسٍ فِي قَوْمِهِمَا فَقَالَا: «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ نَحْنُ أَخْوَالُكَ هَلُمَّ إِلَى الْعَدَدِ وَالْمَنَعَةِ وَالْقُوَّةِ مَعَ الْقَرَابَةِ، لَا تَجَاوِزْنَا إِلَى غَيْرِنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، لَيْسَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَوْمِنَا أَوْلَى بِكَ مِنَّا لِقَرَابَتِنَا بِكَ». فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «خَلُّوا سَبِيلَهَا فَإِنَّهَا مَأْمُورَةٌ». فَسَارَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَتَتْ دَارَ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ قَامَتْ إِلَيْهِ وُجُوهُهُمْ، ثُمَّ مَضَى حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى بَابِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَبَرَكَتْ رَاحِلَتُهُ عَلَى بَابِ مَسْجِدِهِ ﷺ وَذَكَرَ الْأَقْشَهَرِيُّ فِي رَوْضَتِهِ عَنِ ابْنِ نَافِعٍ صَاحِبِ مَالِكٍ فِي أَثْنَاءِ كَلَامٍ نَقَلَهُ عَنْ مَالِكٍ أَنَّ «نَاقَتَهُ ﷺ لَمَّا أَتَتْ مَوْضِعَ مَسْجِدِهِ بَرَكَتْ وَهُوَ عَلَيْهَا وَأَخَذَهُ الَّذِي كَانَ يَأْخُذُهُ عِنْدَ الْوَحْيِ». ثُمَّ وَثَبَتْ فَسَارَتْ غَيْرَ بَعِيدٍ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَاضِعٌ لَهَا زِمَامَهَا لَا يَثْنِيهَا بِهِ، ثُمَّ الْتَفَتَتْ خَلْفَهَا فَرَجَعَتْ إِلَى مَبْرَكِهَا أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ، فَبَرَكَتْ فِيهِ ثُمَّ تَلَحْلَحَتْ وَأَرْزَمَتْ، وَوَضَعَتْ جِرَانَهَا. وَجَعَلَ جَبَّارُ بْنُ صَخْرٍ يَنْخُسُهَا رَجَاءَ أَنْ تَقُومَ فَتَنْزِلَ فِي دَارِ بَنِي سَلِمَةَ فَلَمْ تَفْعَلْ. فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْهَا وَقَالَ: «هُنَا الْمَنْزِلُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ » وَقُلْ رَبِّ أَنْزِلْنِي مُنْزَلا مُبَارَكًا وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الْمُنْزِلِينَ [الْمُؤْمِنُونَ 29] وَجَاءَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ فَكَلَّمُوهُ فِي النُّزُولِ عَلَيْهِمْ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَيُّ بُيُوتِ أَهْلِنَا أَقْرَبُ»؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ: أَنَا يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، هَذِهِ دَارِي وَهَذَا بَابِي وَقَدْ حَطَطْنَا رَحْلَكَ فِيهَا. قَالَ: «فَانْطَلِقْ فَهَيِّئْ لَنَا مَقِيلًا»، فَذَهَبَ فَهَيَّأَ لَهُمَا مَقِيلًا. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ هُنَاكَ عَرِيشٌ يَرُشُّونَهُ وَيُعَمِّرُونَهُ وَيَبْتَرِدُونَ فِيهِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنْ رَاحِلَتِهِ فَأَوَى إِلَى الظِّلِّ فَنَزَلَ فِيهِ فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَنْزِلِي أَقْرَبُ الْمَنَازِلِ إِلَيْهِ فَانْقُلْ رَحْلَكَ. قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، فَذَهَبَ بِرَحْلِهِ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ، فَأَتَاهُ آخَرُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ انْزِلْ عَلَيَّ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «الْمَرْءُ مَعَ رَحْلِهِ حَيْثُ كَانَ»، فَمَضَتْ مَثَلًا فَنَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي مَنْزِلِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ وَقَرَّ قَرَارُهُ وَاطْمَأَنَّتْ دَارُهُ وَنَزَلَ مَعَهُ زَيْدُ بْنُ حَارِثَةَ. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ سَعْدٍ أَنَّ أَسْعَدَ بْنَ زُرَارَةَ أَخَذَ بِزِمَامِ النَّاقَةِ فَكَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ. وَعِنْدَ عَائِذٍ وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ مَنْصُورٍ أَنَّ نَاقَتَهُ اسْتَنَاخَتْ بِهِ أَوَّلًا فَجَاءَهُ نَاسٌ فَقَالُوا: الْمَنْزِلُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ: «دَعُوهَا»، فَانْبَعَثَتْ حَتَّى اسْتَنَاخَتْ عِنْدَ مَوْضِعِ الْمِنْبَرِ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ ثُمَّ تَلَحْلَحَتْ فَنَزَلَ عَنْهَا فَأَتَاهُ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ فَقَالَ: مَنْزِلِي أَقْرَبُ الْمَنَازِلِ فَائْذَنْ لِي أَنْ أَنْقُلَ رَحْلَكَ. قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، فَنَقَلَ رَحْلَهُ وَأَنَاخَ النَّاقَةَ فِي مَنْزِلِهِ. وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ وَأَبُو سَعِيدٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّاَ نَزَلَ عَلَى أَبِي أَيُّوبَ خَرَجَ جَوَارٍ مِنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ يَضْرِبْنَ بِالدُّفُوفِ وَيَقُلْنَ: نَحْنُ جَوَارٍ مَنْ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ يَا حَبَّذَا مُحَمَّدٌ مِنْ جَارِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «أَتُحْبِبْنَنِي»؟ قُلْنَ: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: «وَأَنَا وَاللَّهُ أُحِبُّكُنَّ»، قَالَهَا ثَلَاثًا. وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ فِي الْمُبْتَدَأِ وَابْنُ هِشَامٍ فِي التِّيجَانِ أَنَّ بَيْتَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ الَّذِي نَزَلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَقْدَمَهُ الْمَدِينَةَ بَنَاهُ تُبَّعٌ الْأَوَّلُ وَاسْمُهُ تُبَانُ- بِضَمِّ الْمُثَنَّاةِ الْفَوْقِيَّةِ وَتَخْفِيفِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ- أَسْعَدُ، وَكَانَ مَعَهُ أَرْبَعُمِائَةِ حَبْرٍ، فَتَعَاقَدُوا عَلَى أَلَّا يَخْرُجُوا مِنْهَا. فَسَأَلَهُمْ تُبَّعٌ عَنْ سِرِّ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالُوا: إِنَّا نَجِدُ فِي كُتُبِنَا أَنَّ نَبِيًّا اسْمُهُ مُحَمَّدٌ هَذِهِ دَارُ هِجْرَتِهِ، فَنَحْنُ نُقِيمُ لَعَلَّنَا نَلْقَاهُ. فَأَرَادَ تُبَّعٌ الْإِقَامَةَ مَعَهُمْ، ثُمَّ بَنَى لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أُولَئِكَ دَارًا وَاشْتَرَى لَهُ جَارِيَةً وَزَوَّجَهَا مِنْهُ وَأَعْطَاهُ مَالًا جَزِيلًا وَكَتَبَ كِتَابًا فِيهِ إِسْلَامُهُ وَمِنْهُ: شَهِدْتُ عَلَى أَحْمَدَ أَنَّهُ رَسُولٌ مِنَ اللَّهِ بَارِي النَّسَمِ فَلَوْ مَدَّ عُمْرِي إِلَى عُمْرِهِ لَكُنْتُ وَزِيرًا لَهُ وَابْنَ عَمٍّ [وَجَاهَدْتُ بِالسَّيْفِ أَعْدَاءَهُ وَفَرَّجْتُ عَنْ صَدْرِهِ كُلَّ هَمٍّ] وَخَتَمَهُ بِالذَّهَبِ وَدَفَعَهُ إِلَى كَبِيرِهِمْ وَسَأَلَهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَهُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِنْ أَدْرَكَهُ وَإِلَّا فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَهُ مِنْ وَلَدِهِ أَوْ وَلَدِ وَلَدِهِ، وَبَنَىَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ دَارًا يَنْزِلُهَا إِذَا قَدِمَ الْمَدِينَةَ، فَتَدَاوَلَ الدَّارَ الْمُلَّاكُ إِلَى أَنْ صَارَتْ لِأَبِي أَيُّوبَ، وَهُوَ مِنْ وَلَدِ ذَلِكَ الْعَالِمِ، وَأَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ الَّذِينَ نَصَرُوهُ كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ أَوْلَادِ أُولَئِكَ الْعُلَمَاءِ. وَيُقَالُ إِنَّ الْكِتَابَ الَّذِي فِيهِ الشِّعْرُ كَانَ عِنْدَ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ حَتَّى دَفَعَهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَهُوَ غَرِيبٌ. فَمَا نَزَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَّا فِي بَيْتِهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَمُسْلِمٌ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ؓ قَالَ: «لَمَّا نَزَلَ عَلَيَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي بَيْتِي نَزَلَ فِي السُّفْلِ وَأَنَا وَأُمُّ أَيُّوبَ فِي الْعُلُوِّ: فَقُلْتُ لَهُ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي، إِنِّي لَأَكْرَهُ وَأُعَظِّمُ أَنْ أَكُونَ فَوْقَكَ وَتَكُونَ تَحْتِي، فَأَظْهِرْ أَنْتَ فَكُنْ فِي الْعُلُوِّ، وَنَنْزِلُ نَحْنُ فَنَكُونُ فِي السُّفْلِ، فَقَالَ: «إِنَّ أَرْفَقَ بِنَا وَبِمَنْ يَغْشَانَا أَنْ نَكُونَ فِي سُفْلِ الْبَيْتِ». قَالَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سُفْلِهِ وَكُنَّا فَوْقَهُ فِي الْمَسْكَنِ، فَلَقَدِ انْكَسَرَ حُبٌّ لَنَا فِيهِ مَاءٌ، فَقُمْتُ أَنَا وَأُمُّ أَيُّوبَ بِقَطِيفَةٍ لَنَا مَا لَنَا لِحَافٌ غَيْرُهَا نُنَشِّفُ بِهَا الْمَاءَ تَخَوُّفًا أَنْ يَقْطُرَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ- ﷺ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَيُؤْذِيهِ. وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ أَبَا أَيُّوبَ لَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَضَرَّعُ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَتَّى تَحَوَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْعُلُوِّ وَأَبُو أَيُّوبَ فِي السُّفْلِ. قَالَ أَبُو أَيُّوبَ: وَكُنَّا نَصْنَعُ لَهُ الْعَشَاءَ ثُمَّ نَبْعَثُ بِهِ إِلَيْهِ، فَإِذَا رَدَّ عَلَيْنَا فَضْلَهُ تَيَمَّمْتُ أَنَا وَأُمُّ أَيُّوبَ مَوْضِعَ يَدِهِ فَأَكَلْنَا مِنْهُ نَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ الْبَرَكَةَ، حَتَّى بَعَثْنَا إِلَيْهِ لَيْلَةً بِعَشَائِهِ وَقَدْ جَعَلْنَا لَهُ فِيهِ بَصَلًا أَوْ ثُومًا، فَرَدَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ، وَلَمْ أَرَ لِيَدِهِ فِيهِ أَثَرًا. قَالَ: فَجِئْتُهُ فَزِعًا فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ بِأَبِي أَنْتَ وَأُمِّي رَدَدْتَ عَشَاءَكَ، وَلَمْ أَرَ فِيهِ مَوْضِعَ يَدِكَ وَكُنْتَ إِذَا رَدَدْتَهُ عَلَيْنَا تَيَمَّمْتُ أَنَا وَأُمُّ أَيُّوبَ مَوْضِعَ يَدِكَ نَبْتَغِي بِذَلِكَ الْبَرَكَةَ. قَالَ: «إِنِّي وَجَدْتُ فِيهِ رِيحَ هَذِهِ الشَّجَرَةِ وَأَنَا رَجُلٌ أُنَاجِي، فَأَمَّا أَنْتُمْ فَكُلُوهُ». قَالَ: فَأَكَلْنَاهُ وَلَمْ نَضَعْ لَهُ تِلْكَ الشَّجَرَةَ بَعْدُ.
Translation
✧ From ʿUmārah b. Khuzaymah: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ wanted to enter Madinah, he sent to the Banū al-Najjār, who were his maternal uncles because the mother of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was from them, as has been mentioned earlier in the chapter on genealogy. They came girded with swords and said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companions, "Mount in safety and obedience." It was a Friday. When the day had risen, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ called for his riding camel, and the Muslims gathered and donned their weapons. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ mounted his she-camel al-Qaṣwāʾ, with the people around him to his right, to his left, and behind him, some on foot and some riding. The Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf gathered and said, "O Messenger of Allah, have you come out in displeasure with us, or do you desire a home better than ours?" He said, "I have been commanded to go to a town that devours other towns. Leave her—meaning his she-camel—for she is under command." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ departed from Qubāʾ heading for Madinah, and the people met him, coming out into the roads and upon camels. Servants and children began saying, "Allāhu akbar! The Messenger of Allah has come to us! Muḥammad has come!" Anas, in what al-Bayhaqī narrated, said: "I was running with the boys when they said, 'Muḥammad has come,' so we would go off and see nothing, until he approached with his companion Abū Bakr. We hid behind some walls of Madinah. They sent a man from the desert people to announce their arrival to the Anṣār. About five hundred of the Anṣār came out to meet them until they reached the two of them. The Anṣār said, 'Go on in safety and obedience.' The Messenger of Allah ﷺ and his companion came forward among them. The people of Madinah came out, so much so that young women were above the rooftops looking at him, saying, 'Which one is he? Which one is he?' We have never seen a sight like that day." Ibn Abī Khaythamah narrated on the authority of someone (ؓ) who said: "I witnessed the day the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered Madinah, and I have never seen a day more beautiful or more radiant than it." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not pass by any house of the Anṣār but they said, "Come, O Messenger of Allah, to honor, protection, and wealth." He would say good words to them and supplicate, or say, "She is under command; leave her way." He passed by the Banū Sālim, and ʿItbān—with kasrah on the unpointed ʿayn—b. Mālik stood up to him, as did Nawfal b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Mālik b. al-ʿAjlān, who was holding the reins of his riding camel. He said, "O Messenger of Allah, alight among us, for we have numbers, kinsfolk, and strength. We are people of open spaces, gardens, and pursuit. O Messenger of Allah, a man of the Arabs would enter this region in fear and seek refuge with us, and we would say to him, 'Settle wherever you wish.'" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ began to smile and said, "Leave her way, for she is under command." Then ʿUbādah b. al-Ṣāmit and ʿAbbās b. ʿUbādah b. Naḍlah b. Mālik b. al-ʿAjlān stood up to him, both saying, "O Messenger of Allah, alight among us." The Prophet ﷺ said, "May Allah bless you. She is under command." When he reached the mosque of the Banū Sālim—which is the mosque in the valley, Wādī Rānūnāʾ—the Friday prayer caught up with him there, and he prayed it there. It was the first Friday prayer he prayed in Madinah. It was also said that he used to pray Friday in the mosque of Qubāʾ. According to Ibn Saʿd, one hundred persons prayed the Friday prayer with him. Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ took the right side of the road [until he came to the Banū al-Ḥublā], and wanted to alight with ʿAbd Allāh b. Ubayy [b. Salūl], who was then the chief of the Khazraj in their own estimation. He said, "Go to those who invited you and alight with them." Saʿd b. ʿUbādah said, "Do not take to heart what he said, O Messenger of Allah. You came to us while the Khazraj were about to crown him over themselves. When Allah turned that away with the truth He gave you, he was choked by that. But this is my home." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by the Banū Sāʿidah, and Saʿd b. ʿUbādah, al-Mundhir b. ʿAmr, and Abū Dujānah said to him, "Come, O Messenger of Allah, to honor, wealth, strength, and endurance." Saʿd said, "O Messenger of Allah, there is no man among my people with more date-palm branches or more wells than I, along with wealth, endurance, and numbers." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "O Abū Thābit, leave her way, for she is under command." He went on, and Saʿd b. al-Rabīʿ, ʿAbd Allāh b. Rawāḥah, and Bashīr b. Saʿd intercepted him. They said, "O Messenger of Allah, do not pass us by, for we are people of numbers, wealth, and strength." He said, "May Allah bless you. Leave her way, for she is under command." Ziyād b. Labīd and Farwah b. ʿAmr of the Banū Bayāḍah intercepted him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, come to consolation, honor, wealth, numbers, and strength. We are people of pursuit, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger of Allah said, "Leave her way, for she is under command." In the ḥadīth of al-Barāʾ, he said, "I will alight with the maternal uncles of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, honoring them by that." Then he passed by the Banū ʿAdī b. al-Najjār, who were his maternal uncles. Abū Sulayṭ and Ṣirmah b. Abī Anas stood up among their people and said, "O Messenger of Allah, we are your maternal uncles. Come to numbers, protection, and strength, along with kinship. Do not pass us by for others, O Messenger of Allah. No one among our people is more entitled to you than we are, because of our kinship with you." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Leave her way, for she is under command." He went on until, when he reached the abode of the Banū ʿAdī b. al-Najjār, their leaders stood up to him. Then he continued until he came to the gate of the mosque. His riding camel knelt at the gate of his mosque ﷺ. Al-Aqshahrī mentioned in his Rawḍah, on the authority of Ibn Nāfiʿ, the companion of Mālik, in the course of a report he transmitted from Mālik, that "his she-camel ﷺ, when she came to the site of his mosque, knelt while he was upon her, and he was seized by what used to seize him at the time of revelation." Then she sprang up and went a little way, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ left her reins slack without pulling her back by them. Then she turned back and returned to her first kneeling place and knelt there. Then she shifted restlessly and made a rumbling sound, and put her neck on the ground. Jabbār b. Ṣakhr began to prod her, hoping that she would rise and alight in the abode of the Banū Salimah, but she did not. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ dismounted from her and said, "This is the stopping place, if Allah wills," and recited: "And say: My Lord, cause me to land at a blessed landing place, and You are the best of those who bring to land" [al-Muʾminūn 29]. Abū Ayyūb came, and they spoke to him about alighting with them. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Which of the houses of our people is nearest?" Abū Ayyūb said, "I, O Prophet of Allah. This is my house and this is my gate. We have placed your saddle inside it." He said, "Go and prepare a resting place for us." He went and prepared a resting place for the two of them. Al-Ṭabarānī narrated on the authority of ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr that there was an arbor there that they sprinkled with water, maintained, and cooled themselves in until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ dismounted from his riding camel. He went to the shade and alighted in it. Abū Ayyūb al-Anṣārī came to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah, my dwelling is the nearest of dwellings to it, so move your saddle." He said, "Yes." He took his saddle to the dwelling. Another man came and said, "O Messenger of Allah, alight with me." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "A man is with his saddle wherever it is." It became a proverb. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ alighted in the dwelling of Abū Ayyūb, and his resting place was settled and his abode became tranquil. Zayd b. Ḥārithah alighted with him. Ibn Saʿd mentioned that Asʿad b. Zurārah took hold of the she-camel's reins, and she stayed with him. According to ʿĀʾidh and Saʿīd b. Manṣūr, his she-camel first knelt with him, and people came and said, "The stopping place, O Messenger of Allah." He said, "Leave her alone." She set off until she knelt at the site of the pulpit of the mosque. Then she shifted restlessly, and he dismounted from her. Abū Ayyūb came to him and said, "My dwelling is the nearest of dwellings, so permit me to move your saddle." He said, "Yes." He moved his saddle and made the she-camel kneel in his dwelling. Al-Ḥākim and Abū Saʿīd al-Naysābūrī narrated that when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ alighted with Abū Ayyūb, slave girls of the Banū al-Najjār came out beating tambourines and saying: "We are slave girls of the Banū al-Najjār. How wonderful is Muḥammad as a neighbor!" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "Do you love me?" They said, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah." The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, "And I, by Allah, love you," three times. Ibn Isḥāq mentioned in al-Mubtadaʾ and Ibn Hishām in al-Tījān that the house of Abū Ayyūb in which the Messenger of Allah ﷺ alighted upon his arrival in Madinah was built by Tubbaʿ the First, whose name was Tubān—with ḍammah on the pointed tāʾ and tashdīd on the bāʾ—Asʿad. He had four hundred rabbis with him, and they made a pact not to leave it. Tubbaʿ asked them about the secret of that, and they said, "We find in our books that a prophet named Muḥammad will have this as the abode of his emigration, so we are staying in the hope that we may meet him." Tubbaʿ wanted to stay with them. Then he built a house for each one of those men, bought a slave girl for each, married her to him, gave him abundant wealth, and wrote a document containing his acceptance of Islam, including: "I bear witness concerning Aḥmad that he is a messenger from Allah, the Creator of souls. If my life were extended to his life, I would be his minister and cousin. [And I would strive with the sword against his enemies, and relieve his breast of every sorrow.]" He sealed it with gold and handed it to their chief, asking him to deliver it to the Prophet ﷺ if he met him, or otherwise to whoever met him among his descendants or descendants of his descendants. He built a house for the Prophet ﷺ in which he would alight when he came to Madinah. The house passed through owners until it came to Abū Ayyūb, who was a descendant of that scholar. The people of Madinah who supported him were all descendants of those scholars. It is said that the document containing the poetry remained with Abū Ayyūb until he delivered it to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and this is unusual. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not alight except in his house. Ibn Isḥāq and Muslim narrated on the authority of Abū Ayyūb ؓ, who said: "When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ alighted with me in my house, he alighted in the lower floor, while I and Umm Ayyūb were in the upper floor. I said to him, 'O Prophet of Allah, may my father and mother be your ransom, I dislike and consider it too great that I should be above you and you beneath me. So you go up and be in the upper floor, and we will come down and be in the lower floor.' He said, 'It is gentler for us and for those who visit us that we be in the lower part of the house.'" He said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ was in its lower floor and we were above him in the dwelling. A water jar of ours broke, and I and Umm Ayyūb got up with a velvet cloth of ours—we had no blanket other than it—and dried the water with it, fearing that anything might drip on the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and harm him. He mentioned that Abū Ayyūb kept pleading with the Prophet ﷺ until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ moved to the upper floor and Abū Ayyūb to the lower. Abū Ayyūb said: "We used to prepare his evening meal and send it to him. When he returned his leftovers to us, I and Umm Ayyūb would seek the place of his hand and eat from it, seeking blessing thereby. One night we sent him his evening meal, and we had put onion or garlic in it. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned it, and I did not see any trace of his hand in it." He said: "I came to him in alarm and said, 'O Messenger of Allah, may my father and mother be your ransom, you returned your evening meal and I did not see the place of your hand in it. When you returned it to us, I and Umm Ayyūb would seek the place of your hand, seeking blessing thereby.' He said, 'I found in it the smell of this plant, and I am a man who converses intimately. As for you, eat it.'" He said: "We ate it, and after that we did not put that plant in his food."
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