Tarikh (al-Tabari) 874
The Prophet's emigration ﷺ
بِنَاءِ مَسْجِدِهِ الشَّرِيفِ فِي مُدَّةِ مُقَامِهِ بِدَارِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ ؓ وَقَدِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي مُدَّةِ مُقَامِهِ بِهَا; فَقَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: سَبْعَةُ أَشْهُرٍ. وَقَالَ غَيْرُهُ: أَقَلُّ مِنْ شَهْرٍ. وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. قَالَ الْبُخَارِيُّ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يُحَدِّثُ: حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْتَّيَّاحِ يَزِيدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ الضُّبَعِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ: لَمَّا قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، نَزَلَ فِي عُلْوِ الْمَدِينَةِ فِي حَيٍّ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، فَأَقَامَ فِيهِمْ أَرْبَعَ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً، ثُمَّ أَرْسَلَ إِلَى مَلَأِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، فَجَاءُوا مُتَقَلِّدِي سُيُوفِهِمْ. قَالَ: وَكَأَنِّي أَنْظُرُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى رَاحِلَتِهِ، وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ رِدْفُهُ، وَمَلَأُ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ حَوْلَهُ، حَتَّى أَلْقَى بِفَنَاءِ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ يُصَلِّي حَيْثُ أَدْرَكَتْهُ الصَّلَاةُ، وَيُصَلِّي فِي مَرَابِضِ الْغَنَمِ، قَالَ: ثُمَّ أَمَرَ بِبِنَاءِ الْمَسْجِدِ، فَأَرْسَلَ إِلَى مَلَأِ بَنِي النَّجَّارِ فَجَاءُوا، فَقَالَ: " يَا بَنِي النَّجَّارِ، ثَامِنُونِي بِحَائِطِكُمْ هَذَا ". فَقَالُوا: لَا وَاللَّهِ لَا نَطْلُبُ ثَمَنَهُ إِلَّا إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. قَالَ: فَكَانَ فِيهِ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ، كَانَتْ فِيهِ قُبُورُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَكَانَتْ فِيهِ خِرَبٌ، وَكَانَ فِيهِ نَخْلٌ، فَأَمَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِقُبُورِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فَنُبِشَتْ، وَبِالْخِرَبِ فَسُوِّيَتْ، وَبِالنَّخْلِ فَقُطِعَ. قَالَ: فَصَفُّوا النَّخْلَ قِبْلَةَ الْمَسْجِدِ، وَجَعَلُوا عِضَادَتَيْهِ حِجَارَةً. قَالَ: فَجَعَلُوا يَنْقُلُونَ ذَلِكَ الصَّخْرَ، وَهُمْ يَرْتَجِزُونَ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَهُمْ يَقُولُ: " اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّهُ لَا خَيْرَ إِلَّا خَيْرُ الْآخِرَهْ فَانْصُرِ الْأَنْصَارَ وَالْمُهَاجِرَهْ " وَرَوَى الْبَيْهَقِيُّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي الدُّنْيَا، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ الضَّبِّيُّ، ثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحِيمِ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: لَمَّا بَنَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَسْجِدَ، أَعَانَهُ عَلَيْهِ أَصْحَابُهُ، وَهُوَ مَعَهُمْ يَتَنَاوَلُ اللَّبِنَ، حَتَّى اغْبَرَّ صَدْرُهُ فَقَالَ: " ابْنُوهُ عَرِيشًا كَعَرِيشِ مُوسَى ". فَقُلْتُ لِلْحَسَنِ: مَا عَرِيشُ مُوسَى ؟ قَالَ: " إِذَا رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ بَلَغَ الْعَرِيشَ ". يَعْنِي السَّقْفَ. وَهَذَا مُرْسَلٌ. وَرَوَى مِنْ حَدِيثِ حَمَّادِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي سِنَانٍ، عَنْ يَعْلَى بْنِ شَدَّادِ بْنِ أَوْسٍ، عَنْ عُبَادَةَ، أَنَّ الْأَنْصَارَ جَمَعُوا مَالًا، فَأَتَوْا بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ، فَقَالُوا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ابْنِ هَذَا الْمَسْجِدَ وَزَيِّنْهُ، إِلَى مَتَى نُصَلِّي تَحْتَ هَذَا الْجَرِيدِ ؟ فَقَالَ: " مَا بِي رَغْبَةٌ عَنْ أَخِي مُوسَى، عَرِيشٌ كَعَرِيشِ مُوسَى ". وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ غَرِيبٌ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ. وَقَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَاتِمٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُوسَى، عَنْ شَيْبَانَ، عَنْ فِرَاسٍ، عَنْ عَطِيَّةَ الْعَوْفِيِّ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ مَسْجِدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ كَانَتْ سَوَارِيهِ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ جُذُوعِ النَّخْلِ، أَعْلَاهُ مُظَلَّلٌ بِجَرِيدِ النَّخْلِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا نَخِرَتْ فِي خِلَافَةِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ، فَبَنَاهَا بِجُذُوعِ وَبِجَرِيدِ النَّخْلِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا نَخَرَتْ فِي خِلَافَةِ عُثْمَانَ، فَبَنَاهَا بِالْآجُرِّ، فَمَا زَالَتْ ثَابِتَةً حَتَّى الْآنَ وَهَذَا غَرِيبٌ. وَقَدْ قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ أَيْضًا: حَدَّثَنَا مُجَاهِدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنِي يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، عَنْ صَالِحٍ، ثَنَا نَافِعٌ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّ الْمَسْجِدَ كَانَ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَبْنِيًّا بِاللَّبِنِ، وَسَقْفُهُ الْجَرِيدُ، وَعُمُدُهُ خَشَبُ النَّخْلِ، فَلَمْ يَزِدْ فِيهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ شَيْئًا، وَزَادَ فِيهِ عُمَرُ، وَبَنَاهُ عَلَى بِنَائِهِ فِي عَهْدِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِاللَّبِنِ وَالْجَرِيدِ، وَأَعَادَ عُمُدَهُ خَشَبًا، وَغَيَّرَهُ عُثْمَانُ ؓ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ زِيَادَةً كَثِيرَةً، وَبَنَى جِدَارَهُ بِالْحِجَارَةِ الْمَنْقُوشَةِ وَالْقَصَّةِ، وَجَعَلَ عُمُدَهُ مِنْ حِجَارَةٍ مَنْقُوشَةٍ، وَسَقْفَهُ بِالسَّاجِ. وَهَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْبُخَارِيُّ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْمَدِينِيِّ، عَنْ يَعْقُوبَ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بِهِ. قُلْتُ: زَادَهُ عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَفَّانَ ؓ مُتَأَوِّلًا قَوْلَهُ ﷺ: " مَنْ بَنَى لِلَّهِ مَسْجِدًا وَلَوْ كَمَفْحَصِ قَطَاةٍ بَنَى اللَّهُ لَهُ بَيْتًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ ". وَوَافَقَهُ الصَّحَابَةُ الْمَوْجُودُونَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، وَلَمْ يُغَيِّرُوهُ بَعْدَهُ، فَيُسْتَدَلُّ بِذَلِكَ عَلَى الرَّاجِحِ مِنْ قَوْلَيِ الْعُلَمَاءِ أَنَّ حُكْمَ الزِّيَادَةِ حُكْمُ الْمَزِيدِ، فَتَدْخُلُ الزِّيَادَةُ فِي حُكْمِ سَائِرِ الْمَسْجِدِ مِنْ تَضْعِيفِ الصَّلَاةِ فِيهِ، وَشَدِّ الرِّحَالِ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَدْ زِيدَ فِي زَمَانِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بَانِي جَامِعِ دِمَشْقَ، زَادَهُ لَهُ بِأَمْرِهِ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ حِينَ كَانَ نَائِبَهُ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَدْخَلَ الْحُجْرَةَ النَّبَوِيَّةَ فِيهِ. [ ارْتِجَازُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ فِي بِنَاءِ الْمَسْجِدِ ] وَارْتَجَزَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ؓ يَوْمئِذٍ: : لَا يَسْتَوِي مَنْ يَعْمُرُ الْمَسَاجِدَا يَدْأَبُ فِيهِ قَائِمًا وَقَاعِدًا وَمَنْ يُرَى عَنْ الْغُبَارِ حَائِدًا قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: سَأَلْتُ غَيْرَ وَاحِدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ بِالشِّعْرِ، عَنْ هَذَا الرَّجَزِ، فَقَالُوا: بَلَغَنَا أَنَّ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ارْتَجَزَ بِهِ، فَلَا يُدْرَى: أَهُوَ قَائِلُهُ أَمْ غَيْرُهُ.
Translation
✧ The construction of his noble mosque during the period of his stay at the house of Abū Ayyūb ؓ There is disagreement about the length of his stay there. Al-Wāqidī said: seven months. Others said: less than a month. And Allah knows best. Al-Bukhārī said: Isḥāq b. Manṣūr narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Ṣamad informed us, he said: I heard my father narrate: Abū al-Tayyāḥ Yazīd b. Ḥumayd al-Ḍubaʿī narrated to us, Anas b. Mālik narrated to us, he said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Madinah, he alighted in the upper part of Madinah in a quarter called Banū ʿAmr b. ʿAwf. He stayed among them for fourteen nights, then he sent for the chiefs of Banū al-Najjār, and they came with their swords slung over their shoulders. He said: It is as if I can see the Messenger of Allah ﷺ on his mount, with Abū Bakr riding behind him, and the chiefs of Banū al-Najjār around him, until he alighted in the courtyard of Abū Ayyūb. He said: He used to pray wherever the prayer overtook him, and he prayed in sheepfolds. He said: Then he ordered the construction of the mosque. He sent for the chiefs of Banū al-Najjār, and they came. He said: "O Banū al-Najjār, sell me this walled garden of yours." They said: "No, by Allah, we do not seek its price except from Allah, the Mighty and Majestic." He said: In it there was what I tell you: there were graves of the polytheists, ruins, and date palms. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ ordered the graves of the polytheists to be dug up, the ruins to be leveled, and the date palms to be cut down. He said: They arranged the date-palm trunks as the qiblah of the mosque, and made its two side posts of stone. He said: They began carrying the rocks, chanting rajaz verses, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was with them, saying: "O Allah, there is no good but the good of the Hereafter, so grant victory to the Anṣār and the Muhājirūn." Al-Bayhaqī narrated through the route of Abū Bakr b. Abī al-Dunyā: Al-Ḥasan b. Ḥammād al-Ḍabbī narrated to us, ʿAbd al-Raḥīm b. Sulaymān narrated to us, from Ismāʿīl b. Muslim, from al-Ḥasan, who said: When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ built the mosque, his companions helped him, while he was with them handling the bricks, until his chest became dusty. He said: "Build it as an arbor like the arbor of Mūsā." I said to al-Ḥasan: What is the arbor of Mūsā? He said: "When he raised his hands, they reached the arbor," meaning the ceiling. This is mursal. He narrated from the ḥadīth of Ḥammād b. Salamah, from Abū Sinān, from Yaʿlā b. Shaddād b. Aws, from ʿUbādah, that the Anṣār gathered money and brought it to the Prophet ﷺ, saying: "O Messenger of Allah, build this mosque and adorn it. Until when shall we pray under these palm branches?" He said: "I have no desire to depart from my brother Mūsā; an arbor like the arbor of Mūsā." This is a gharīb ḥadīth from this route. Abū Dāwūd said: Muḥammad b. Ḥātim narrated to us, ʿUbayd Allāh b. Mūsā narrated to us, from Shaybān, from Firās, from ʿAṭiyyah al-ʿAwfī, from Ibn ʿUmar: The pillars of the Prophet's mosque ﷺ in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ were of date-palm trunks, its top shaded with date-palm branches. Then they decayed during the caliphate of Abū Bakr, and he rebuilt it with date-palm trunks and branches. Then they decayed during the caliphate of ʿUthmān, and he rebuilt it with baked bricks, and it remained firm until now. This is gharīb. Abū Dāwūd also said: Mujāhid b. Mūsā narrated to us, Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm narrated to me, my father narrated to me, from Ṣāliḥ, Nāfiʿ narrated to us, from Ibn ʿUmar, who informed him that the mosque in the time of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was built of unbaked bricks, its roof of palm branches, and its pillars of palm wood. Abū Bakr did not add anything to it. ʿUmar added to it, and he rebuilt it according to its construction in the time of the Prophet ﷺ with unbaked bricks and palm branches, and restored its pillars of wood. ʿUthmān ؓ changed it, added a great deal, built its walls of carved stones and lime plaster, made its pillars of carved stones, and its roof of teak. Al-Bukhārī narrated it likewise from ʿAlī b. al-Madīnī, from Yaʿqūb b. Ibrāhīm. I say: ʿUthmān b. ʿAffān ؓ added to it, interpreting the saying of the Prophet ﷺ: "Whoever builds a mosque for Allah, even like the scrape of a sandgrouse, Allah builds for him a house in Paradise." The Companions present agreed with him on that, and they did not change it after him. This is used as evidence for the more correct of the two opinions of the scholars that the ruling of the addition is the same as the ruling of the original [mosque], so the addition enters into the ruling of the rest of the mosque regarding the multiplication of prayer in it and the undertaking of journeys to it. It was increased in the time of al-Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik, the builder of the mosque of Damascus. ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, when he was his governor over Madinah, added to it by his command, and he incorporated the Prophet's chamber into it. [The rajaz of ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib during the construction of the mosque] On that day ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib ؓ chanted rajaz: : "He who builds the mosques is not equal— He toils in it, standing and sitting— to one who turns away from the dust." Ibn Hishām said: I asked more than one of the people of knowledge in poetry about this rajaz, and they said: We have heard that ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib chanted it, but it is not known whether he is its author or someone else.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.