Tarikh (al-Tabari) 827
The Messenger of Allah's ﷺ presenting himself to the tribes
عَرْضُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى الْقَبَائِلِ [ عَرْضُ الرَّسُولِ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى الْعَرَبِ فِي مَوَاسِمِهِمْ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَكَّةَ، وَقَوْمُهُ أَشَدُّ مَا كَانُوا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ خِلَافِهِ وَفِرَاقِ دِينِهِ، إلَّا قَلِيلًا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ، مِمَّنْ آمَنَ فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْرِضُ نَفْسَهُ فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ، إذَا كَانَتْ، عَلَى قَبَائِلِ الْعَرَبِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ، وَيُخْبِرُهُمْ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ، وَيَسْأَلُهُمْ أَنْ يُصَدِّقُوهُ وَيَمْنَعُوهُ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَ ( لَهُمْ ) اللَّهُ مَا بَعَثَهُ بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَحَدَّثَنِي مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا، مَنْ لَا أَتَّهِمُ، عَنْ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ عَنْ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَبَّادٍ الدِّيلِيِّ، أَوْ مَنْ حَدَّثَهُ أَبُو الزِّنَادِ عَنْهُ - قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: رَبِيعَةُ بْنُ عَبَّادٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي حُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنَ عَبَّادٍ، يُحَدِّثُهُ أَبِي، قَالَ: إنِّي لَغُلَامٌ شَابٌّ مَعَ أَبِي بِمِنًى، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقِفُ عَلَى مَنَازِلِ الْقَبَائِلِ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ، فَيَقُولُ: يَا بَنِي فُلَانٍ، إنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إلَيْكُمْ، يَأْمُرُكُمْ أَنْ تَعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَلَا تُشْرِكُوا بِهِ شَيْئًا، وَأَنْ تَخْلَعُوا مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأَنْدَادِ، وَأَنْ تُؤْمِنُوا بِي، وَتُصَدِّقُوا بِي، وَتَمْنَعُونِي، حَتَّى أُبَيِّنَ عَنْ اللَّهِ مَا بَعَثَنِي بِهِ. قَالَ: وَخَلْفَهُ رَجُلٌ أَحْوَلُ وَضِيءٌ، لَهُ غَدِيرَتَانِ عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ عَدَنِيَّةٌ. فَإِذَا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ وَمَا دَعَا إلَيْهِ، قَالَ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ: يَا بَنِي فُلَانٍ، إنَّ هَذَا إنَّمَا يَدْعُوكُمْ أَنْ تَسْلُخُوا اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى مِنْ أَعْنَاقِكُمْ، وَحَلْفَاءَكُمْ مِنْ الْجِنِّ مِنْ بَنِي مَالِكِ بْنِ أُقَيْشٍ، إلَى مَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنْ الْبِدْعَةِ وَالضَّلَالَةِ، فَلَا تُطِيعُوهُ، وَلَا تَسْمَعُوا مِنْهُ. قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ لِأَبِي: يَا أَبَتِ، مَنْ هَذَا الَّذِي يَتْبَعُهُ وَيَرُدُّ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَقُولُ ؟ قَالَ: هَذَا عَمُّهُ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، أَبُو لَهَبٍ قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: قَالَ النَّابِغَةُ: : كَأَنَّكَ مِنْ جِمَالِ بَنِي أُقَيْشٍ يُقَعْقَعُ خَلْفَ رِجْلَيْهِ بِشَنِّ قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ شِهَابٍ الزُّهْرِيُّ: أَنَّهُ أَتَى كِنْدَةَ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ، وَفِيهِمْ سَيِّدٌ لَهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُ: مُلَيْحٌ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ نَفْسَهُ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ. وَقَالَ جَابِرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ؓ: كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَعْرِضُ نَفْسَهُ بِالْمَوْقِفِ، فَيَقُولُ: أَلَا رَجُلٌ يَحْمِلُنِي إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا مَنَعُونِي أَنْ أُبَلِّغَ كَلَامَ رَبِّي. رَوَاهُ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَالتِّرْمِذِيُّ وَقَالَ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ: مَكَثَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ نُبُوَّتِهِ مُسْتَخْفِيًا ثُمَّ أَعْلَنَ فِي الرَّابِعَةِ فَدَعَا النَّاسَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، يُوَافِي الْمَوْسِمَ كُلَّ عَامٍ يَتْبَعُ الْحَاجَّ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ بِعُكَاظَ وَمِجَنَّةَ وَذِي الْمَجَازِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى أَنْ يَمْنَعُوهُ حَتَّى يُبَلِّغَ رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّهِ وَلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةُ، فَلَا يَجِدُ أَحَدًا يَنْصُرُهُ وَلَا يُجِيبُهُ حَتَّى إِنَّهُ سَأَلَ عَنِ الْقَبَائِلِ وَمَنَازِلِهَا قَبِيلَةً قَبِيلَةً. وَيَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تُفْلِحُوا وَتَمْلِكُوا الْعَرَبَ وَتَذِلُّ لَكُمُ الْعَجَمُ وَإِذَا آمَنْتُمْ كُنْتُمْ مُلُوكًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ. وَأَبُو لَهَبٍ وَرَاءَهُ يَقُولُ: لَا تُطِيعُوهُ فَإِنَّهُ صَابِئٌ كَاذِبٌ، فَيَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْهِ أَقْبَحَ الرَّدِّ وَيُؤْذُونَهُ وَيَقُولُونَ: قَوْمُكَ بِكَ أَعْلَمُ. وَعَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: كَانَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَعْرِضُ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى النَّاسِ بِالْمَوْقِفِ، فَيَقُولُ: " هَلْ مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَحْمِلُنِي إِلَى قَوْمِهِ فَإِنَّ قُرَيْشًا قَدْ مَنَعُونِي أَنْ أُبَلِّغَ كَلَامَ رَبِّي عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ " فَأَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْ هَمْدَانَ، فَقَالَ: " مِمَّنْ أَنْتَ ؟ " قَالَ الرَّجُلُ: مِنْ هَمْدَانَ. قَالَ: " فَهَلْ عِنْدَ قَوْمِكَ مِنْ مَنَعَةٍ ؟ " قَالَ: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ خَشِيَ أَنْ يَحْقِرَهُ قَوْمُهُ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: آتِيهِمْ فَأُخْبِرُهُمْ ثُمَّ آتِيكَ مِنْ عَامِ قَابِلٍ. قَالَ: " نَعَمْ ". فَانْطَلَقَ، وَجَاءَ وَفْدُ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي رَجَبٍ. وَقَدْ رَوَاهُ أَهْلُ السُّنَنِ الْأَرْبَعَةِ، مِنْ طُرُقٍ عَنْ إِسْرَائِيلَ بِهِ. وَقَالَ التِّرْمِذِيُّ: حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ. وَرَوَى الطَّبَرَانِيُّ عَنْ طَارِقِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: إِنِّي بِسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ إِذْ مَرَّ رَجُلٌ بِي عَلَيْهِ حُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُرْدٍ أَحْمَرَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تُفْلِحُوا. وَرَجُلٌ خَلْفَهُ قَدْ أَدْمَى عُرْقُوبَيْهِ وَسَاقَيْهِ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ كَذَّابٌ فَلَا تُطِيعُوهُ. فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذَا؟ قَالُوا: غُلَامُ بَنِي هَاشِمٍ الَّذِي يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ وَهَذَا عَمُّهُ عَبْدُ الْعُزَّى. عَنْ مُدْرِكِ بْنِ مُنِيبٍ- بِضَمِّ أَوَّلِهِ وَكَسْرِ النُّونِ وَآخِرُهُ مُوَحَّدَةٌ- الْعَامِرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ ؓ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تُفْلِحُوا. فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ تَفَلَ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَثَا عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ، وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ سَبَّهُ، حَتَّى انْتَصَفَ النَّهَارُ فَأَقْبَلَتْ جَارِيَةٌ بِعُسٍّ مِنْ مَاءٍ فَغَسَلَ وَجْهَهُ وَيَدَيْهِ وَقَالَ: يَا بُنَيَّةُ لَا تَخْشَيْ عَلَى أَبِيكِ غَلَبَةً وَلَا ذِلَّةً. فَقُلْتُ: مَنْ هَذِهِ؟ قَالُوا: زَيْنَبُ بِنْتُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. وَهِيَ جَارِيَةٌ وَضِيئَةٌ. وَرَوَى الْإِمَامُ أَحْمَدُ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنِ الْأَشْعَثِ بْنِ سُلَيْمٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنْ كِنَانَةَ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِسُوقِ ذِي الْمَجَازِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ قُولُوا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ تُفْلِحُوا. وَإِذَا رَجُلٌ خَلْفَهُ يَسْفِي عَلَيْهِ التُّرَابَ، وَإِذَا هُوَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ، وَإِذَا هُوَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ لَا يَغُرَّنَّكُمْ هَذَا عَنْ دِينِكُمْ فَإِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ أَنْ تَتْرُكُوا عِبَادَةَ اللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى يَتْبَعُهُ حَيْثُ ذَهَبَ وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفِرُّ مِنْهُ، وَمَا يَلْتَفِتُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَيْهِ. قَالَ الْحَافِظُ عِمَادُ الدِّينِ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ: الْمَحْفُوظُ: أَبُو لَهَبٍ. وَقَدْ يَكُونُ أَبُو جَهْلٍ وَهْمًا، وَيَحْتَمِلُ أَنْ يَكُونَ ذَا تَارَةً وَذَا تَارَةً، وَأَنَّهُمَا يَتَنَاوَبَانِ عَلَى أَذِيَّةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ. قُلْتُ: وَهَذَا هُوَ الظَّاهِرُ. [ عَرْضُ الرَّسُولِ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى بَنِي كَلْبٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ: أَنَّهُ أَتَى كَلْبًا فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ، إلَى بَطْنٍ مِنْهُمْ يُقَالُ لَهُمْ: بَنُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ نَفْسَهُ، حَتَّى إنَّهُ لَيَقُولُ لَهُمْ: يَا بَنِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، إنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ قَدْ أَحْسَنَ اسْمَ أَبِيكُمْ، فَلَمْ يَقْبَلُوا مِنْهُ مَا عَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ. [ عَرْضُ الرَّسُولِ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَتَى بَنِي حَنِيفَةَ فِي مَنَازِلِهِمْ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ نَفْسَهُ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ أَقْبَحَ عَلَيْهِ رَدًّا مِنْهُمْ [ عَرْضُ الرَّسُولِ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى بَنِي عَامِرٍ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي الزُّهْرِيُّ أَنَّهُ أَتَى بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ، فَدَعَاهُمْ إلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ، وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِمْ نَفْسَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ - يُقَالُ لَهُ: بَيْحَرَةُ بْنُ فِرَاسٍ، قَالَ ابْنُ هِشَامٍ: فِرَاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ ( الْخَيْرِ ) بْنِ قُشَيْرِ بْنِ كَعْبِ بْنِ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ -: وَاَللَّهِ، لَوْ أَنِّي أَخَذْتُ هَذَا الْفَتَى مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، لَأَكَلْتُ بِهِ الْعَرَبَ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: أَرَأَيْتَ إنْ نَحْنُ بَايَعْنَاكَ عَلَى أَمْرِكَ، ثُمَّ أَظْهَرَكَ اللَّهُ عَلَى مَنْ خَالَفَكَ، أَيَكُونُ لَنَا الْأَمْرُ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ ؟ قَالَ: الْأَمْرُ إلَى اللَّهِ يَضَعُهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ، قَالَ: فَقَالَ لَهُ: أَفَتُهْدَفُ نَحُورُنَا لِلْعَرَبِ دُونَكَ، فَإِذَا أَظْهَرَكَ اللَّهُ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ لِغَيْرِنَا لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا بِأَمْرِكَ، فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ فَلَمَّا صَدَرَ النَّاسُ رَجَعَتْ بَنُو عَامِرٍ إلَى شَيْخٍ لَهُمْ، قَدْ كَانَتْ أَدْرَكَتْهُ السِّنُّ، حَتَّى لَا يَقْدِرَ أَنْ يُوَافِيَ مَعَهُمْ الْمَوَاسِمَ، فَكَانُوا إذَا رَجَعُوا إلَيْهِ حَدَّثُوهُ بِمَا يَكُونُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَوْسِمِ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الْعَامَ سَأَلَهُمْ عَمَّا كَانَ فِي مَوْسِمِهِمْ، فَقَالُوا: جَاءَنَا فَتًى مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ، ثُمَّ أَحَدُ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ، يَزْعُمُ أَنَّهُ نَبِيٌّ، يَدْعُونَا إلَى أَنْ نَمْنَعَهُ وَنَقُومَ مَعَهُ، وَنَخْرُجَ بِهِ إلَى بِلَادِنَا قَالَ: فَوَضَعَ الشَّيْخُ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ: يَا بَنِي عَامِرٍ، هَلْ لَهَا مِنْ تَلَافٍ، هَلْ لِذُنَابَاهَا مِنْ مَطْلَبٍ وَاَلَّذِي نَفْسُ فُلَانٍ بِيَدِهِ، مَا تَقَوَّلَهَا إسْمَاعِيلِيٌّ قَطُّ، وَإِنَّهَا لَحَقٌّ، فَأَيْنَ رَأْيُكُمْ كَانَ عَنْكُمْ. [ عَرْضُ الرَّسُولِ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى الْعَرَبِ فِي الْمَوَاسِمِ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهِ، كُلَّمَا اجْتَمَعَ لَهُ النَّاسُ بِالْمَوْسِمِ أَتَاهُمْ يَدْعُو الْقَبَائِلَ إلَى اللَّهِ وَإِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ، وَيَعْرِضُ عَلَيْهِمْ نَفْسَهُ، وَمَا جَاءَ بِهِ مِنْ اللَّهِ مِنْ الْهُدَى وَالرَّحْمَةِ، وَهُوَ لَا يَسْمَعُ بِقَادِمِ يَقْدَمُ مَكَّةَ مِنْ الْعَرَبِ، لَهُ اسْمٌ وَشَرَفٌ، إلَّا تَصَدَّى لَهُ، فَدَعَاهُ، إلَى اللَّهِ، وَعَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ مَا عِنْدَهُ زَادَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ -في ذكر القبائل التي عرض ﷺ عليها الإسلام- فقال: وَعَلَى بَنِي عَبْسٍ وَغَسَّانَ وَبَنِي مُحَارِبٍ وَبَنِي فَزَارَةَ وَبَنِي مُرَّةَ وَبَنِي سُلَيْمٍ وَبَنِي نَصْرِ بْنِ هَوَازِنَ وَبَنِي ثَعْلَبَةَ بْنِ عُكَابَةَ - بِضَمِّ الْعَيْنِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَفَتْحِ الْبَاءِ الْمُوَحَّدَةِ- وَبَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ وَبَنِي عُذْرَةَ وَقَيْسِ بْنِ الْخَطِيمِ. وَسَاقَ أَخْبَارَهُمْ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ عَنْ عَامِرِ بْنِ سَلَمَةَ الْحَنَفِيِّ وَكَانَ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ فِي آخِرِ عُمْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: نَسْأَلُ اللَّهَ أَنْ لَا يَحْرِمَنَا الْجَنَّةَ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ جَاءَنَا ثَلَاثَةَ أَعْوَامٍ بِعُكَاظَ وَمِجَنَّةَ وَبِذِي الْمَجَازِ، يَدْعُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ- عَزَّ وَجَلَّ- وَأَنْ نَمْنَعَ لَهُ ظَهْرَهُ حَتَّى يُبَلِّغَ رِسَالَاتِ رَبِّهِ، وَيَشْرُطَ لَنَا الْجَنَّةَ، فَمَا اسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ وَلَا رَدَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ رَدًّا جَمِيلًا فَخَشِنَّا عَلَيْهِ وَحَلُمَ عَنَّا. قَالَ عَامِرٌ: فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى هَجَرَ فِي أَوَّلِ عَامٍ فَقَالَ لِي هَوْدَةُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ: هَلْ كَانَ فِي مَوْسِمِكُمْ هَذَا خَبَرٌ؟. قُلْتُ: رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يَطُوفُ عَلَى الْقَبَائِلِ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى وَحْدَهُ وَأَنْ يَمْنَعُوا ظَهْرَهُ حَتَّى يُبَلِّغَ رِسَالَةَ رَبِّهِ وَلَهُمُ الْجَنَّةُ. فَقَالَ هَوْدَةُ: مِنْ أَيِّ قُرَيْشٍ هُوَ؟ قُلْتُ: هُوَ مِنْ أَوْسَطِهِمْ نَسَبًا مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. قَالَ هَوْدَةُ: أَهُوَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ؟ قُلْتُ: هُوَ هُوَ. قَالَ: أَمَا إِنَّ أَمْرَهُ سَيَظْهَرُ عَلَى مَا هَا هُنَا. فَقُلْتُ: هُنَا قَطُّ مِنْ بَيْنِ الْبُلْدَانِ؟ قَالَ: وَغَيْرُ مَا هَا هُنَا. ثُمَّ وَافَيْتُ السَّنَةَ الثَّانِيَةَ هَجَرَ فَقَالَ: مَا فَعَلَ الرَّجُلُ؟ فَقُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ رَأَيْتُهُ عَلَى حَالِهِ فِي الْعَامِ الْمَاضِي. قَالَ: ثُمَّ وَافَيْتُ فِي السَّنَةِ الثَّالِثَةِ وَهِيَ آخِرُ مَا رَأَيْتُهُ وَإِذَا بِأَمْرِهِ قَدْ أَمِرَ وَإِذَا ذِكْرُهُ كَثُرَ فِي النَّاسِ. الْحَدِيثَ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ، قَالَ: قَالَ لِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " لَا أَرَى لِي عِنْدَكَ وَلَا عِنْدَ أَخِيكَ مَنَعَةً، فَهَلْ أَنْتَ مُخْرِجِي إِلَى السُّوقِ غَدًا، حَتَّى تُعَرِّفَنِي مَنَازِلَ قَبَائِلِ النَّاسِ ؟ " - وَكَانَتْ مَجْمَعَ الْعَرَبِ - قَالَ: فَقُلْتُ: هَذِهِ كِنْدَةُ وَلَفُّهَا، وَهِيَ أَفْضَلُ مَنْ يَحُجُّ الْبَيْتَ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، وَهَذِهِ مَنَازِلُ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ، وَهَذِهِ مَنَازِلُ بَنِي عَامِرِ بْنِ صَعْصَعَةَ، فَاخْتَرْ لِنَفْسِكَ. قَالَ: فَبَدَأَ بِكِنْدَةَ فَأَتَاهُمْ، فَقَالَ: " مِمَّنِ الْقَوْمُ ؟ " قَالُوا: مِنْ أَهْلِ الْيَمَنِ. قَالَ: " مِنْ أَيِّ الْيَمَنِ ؟ " قَالُوا: مِنْ كِنْدَةَ. قَالَ: " مِنْ أَيِّ كِنْدَةَ ؟ " قَالُوا: مِنْ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ. قَالَ: " فَهَلْ لَكُمْ إِلَى خَيْرٍ ؟ " قَالُوا: وَمَا هُوَ ؟ قَالَ: " تَشْهَدُونَ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَتُقِيمُونَ الصَّلَاةَ، وَتُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا جَاءَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ ". قَالَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْأَجْلَحِ: وَحَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَشْيَاخِ قَوْمِهِ أَنَّ كِنْدَةَ قَالَتْ لَهُ: إِنْ ظَفِرْتَ تَجْعَلُ لَنَا الْمُلْكَ مِنْ بَعْدِكَ ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: " إِنَّ الْمُلْكَ لِلَّهِ يَجْعَلُهُ حَيْثُ يَشَاءُ ". فَقَالُوا: لَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا فِيمَا جِئْتَنَا بِهِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: فَقَالُوا: أَجِئْتَنَا لِتَصُدَّنَا عَنْ آلِهَتِنَا، وَنُنَابِذَ الْعَرَبَ، الْحَقْ بِقَوْمِكَ، فَلَا حَاجَةَ لَنَا بِكَ. فَانْصَرَفَ مِنْ عِنْدِهِمْ فَأَتَى بَكْرَ بْنَ وَائِلٍ، فَقَالَ: " مِمَّنِ الْقَوْمُ ؟ " قَالُوا: مِنْ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ. فَقَالَ: " مِنْ أَيِّ بَكْرِ بْنِ وَائِلٍ ؟ " قَالُوا: مِنْ بَنِي قَيْسِ بْنِ ثَعْلَبَةَ. قَالَ: كَيْفَ الْعَدَدُ ؟ قَالُوا: كَثِيرٌ مِثْلُ الثَّرَى. قَالَ: " فَكَيْفَ الْمَنَعَةُ ؟ " قَالُوا: لَا مَنَعَةَ، جَاوَرْنَا فَارِسَ، فَنَحْنُ لَا نَمْتَنِعُ مِنْهُمْ وَلَا نُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ. قَالَ: " فَتَجْعَلُونَ لِلَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ إِنْ هُوَ أَبْقَاكُمْ حَتَّى تَنْزِلُوا مَنَازِلَهُمْ، وَتَسْتَنْكِحُوا نِسَاءَهُمْ، وَتَسْتَعْبِدُوا أَبْنَاءَهُمْ، أَنْ تُسَبِّحُوا اللَّهَ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَتَحْمَدُوهُ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ، وَتُكَبِّرُوهُ أَرْبَعًا وَثَلَاثِينَ ؟ " قَالُوا: وَمَنْ أَنْتَ ؟ قَالَ: " أَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ". ثُمَّ انْطَلَقَ، فَلَمَّا وَلَّى عَنْهُمْ - قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ -: وَكَانَ عَمُّهُ أَبُو لَهَبٍ يَتْبَعُهُ، فَيَقُولُ لِلنَّاسِ: لَا تَقْبَلُوا قَوْلَهُ. ثُمَّ مَرَّ أَبُو لَهَبٍ فَقَالُوا: هَلْ تَعْرِفُ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، هَذَا فِي الذُّرْوَةِ مِنَّا، فَعَنْ أَيِّ شَأْنِهِ تَسْأَلُونَ ؟ فَأَخْبَرُوهُ بِمَا دَعَاهُمْ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَالُوا: زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. قَالَ: أَلَا لَا تَرْفَعُوا بِقَوْلِهِ رَأْسًا ; فَإِنَّهُ مَجْنُونٌ يَهْذِي أُمُّ رَأْسِهِ. قَالُوا: قَدْ رَأَيْنَا ذَلِكَ حِينَ ذَكَرَ مِنْ أَمْرِ فَارِسَ مَا ذَكَرَ.
Translation
✧ The Messenger of Allah's ﷺ presenting himself to the tribes [ The Messenger's presenting himself to the Arabs at their fairs ] Ibn Isḥāq said: Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came back to Makkah, while his people were more intensely opposed to him and separated from his religion than they had ever been, except for a few who were weak among those who believed. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to present himself at the fairs, when they were held, to the tribes of the Arabs, calling them to Allah and telling them that he was a sent prophet, and asking them to believe him and protect him until Allah should make clear to them what He had sent him with. Ibn Isḥāq said: One of our companions, whom I do not distrust, related to me from Zayd b. Aslam, from Rabīʿah b. ʿAbbād al-Dīlī—or from the one who related it to Abū al-Zinād from him. Ibn Hishām said: Rabīʿah b. ʿAbbād. Ibn Isḥāq said: And Ḥusayn b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbbās related to me, saying: I heard Rabīʿah b. ʿAbbād relate to my father, saying: I was a young lad with my father at Minā, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was standing at the encampments of the Arab tribes, saying: "O Banū Fulān, I am the Messenger of Allah to you. He commands you to worship Allah and not to associate anything with Him, and to cast off these rivals whom you worship besides Him, and to believe in me and trust me and protect me until I make clear from Allah what He has sent me with." He said: And behind him was a cross-eyed man of handsome appearance, with two plaits, wearing an ʿAdanī mantle. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ finished what he said and what he called to, that man would say: "O Banū Fulān, this man only calls you to strip al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā from your necks, and your allies from the jinn of Banū Mālik b. Uqaysh, in favor of this innovation and error he has brought. Do not obey him, and do not listen to him." He said: So I said to my father: "O my father, who is this who follows him and contradicts what he says?" He said: "This is his paternal uncle ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, Abū Lahab." Ibn Hishām said: al-Nābighah said: : It is as though you are among the camels of Banū Uqaysh, Clattering behind his heels with a worn waterskin. Ibn Isḥāq said: Ibn Shihāb al-Zuhrī related to us: that he came to Kindah in their encampments, among whom was a chief of theirs called Mulayḥ. He called them to Allah, mighty and majestic, and presented himself to them, but they refused him. And Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh ؓ said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to present himself at the standing place [al-Mawqif], saying: "Is there not a man who will carry me to his people, for Quraysh have prevented me from conveying the speech of my Lord?" Abū Dāwūd and al-Tirmidhī narrated it, and he said: ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ remained hidden for three years from the beginning of his prophethood. Then he proclaimed it in the fourth year, and he called the people to Islam for ten years. He would attend the fair every year, following the pilgrims in their encampments at ʿUkāẓ, Majannah, and Dhū al-Majāz, calling them to protect him until he conveyed the messages of his Lord, and they would have Paradise. But he found no one to help him or answer him, until he asked about the tribes and their encampments, tribe by tribe. And he would say: "O people, say: There is no god but Allah, and you will prosper and possess the Arabs, and the non-Arabs will be humbled before you. And if you believe, you will be kings in Paradise." And Abū Lahab was behind him, saying: "Do not obey him, for he is a Ṣābian liar." So they would reply to him with the ugliest replies, and harm him, and say: "Your own people know you best." And from Jābir b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: The Prophet ﷺ used to present himself to the people at the standing place [al-Mawqif], saying: "Is there a man who will carry me to his people, for Quraysh have prevented me from conveying the speech of my Lord, mighty and majestic?" Then a man from Hamdān came to him, and he said: "From whom are you?" The man said: "From Hamdān." He said: "Does your people have strength to protect?" He said: "Yes." Then the man feared that his people would despise him, so he came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and said: "I will go to them and inform them, then I will come to you next year." He said: "Yes." So he departed, and the delegation of the Anṣār came in Rajab. And the compilers of the four Sunan narrated it through paths from Isrāʾīl with this chain. Al-Tirmidhī said: ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ. And al-Ṭabarānī narrated from Ṭāriq b. ʿAbd Allāh, who said: I was in the market of Dhū al-Majāz when a man passed by me, wearing a red striped cloak, and he was saying: "O people, say: There is no god but Allah, and you will prosper." And a man behind him had made his ankles and legs bleed, and he was saying: "O people, he is a liar, do not obey him." So I said: "Who is this?" They said: "A young man of Banū Hāshim who claims that he is the Messenger of Allah, and this is his uncle ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā." From Mudrik b. Munīb—with ḍammah on its first letter and kasrah on the nūn, and its last letter is a bāʾ—al-ʿĀmirī, from his father, from his grandfather ؓ, who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the Jāhiliyyah, and he was saying: "O people, say: There is no god but Allah, and you will prosper." Among them were those who spat in his face, those who threw dust on him, and those who insulted him, until midday came. Then a young girl approached with a bowl of water, and he washed his face and hands and said: "O my little daughter, do not fear that your father will be overcome or humiliated." So I said: "Who is this?" They said: "Zaynab, daughter of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, and she was a beautiful young girl." And Imām Aḥmad and al-Bayhaqī narrated from al-Ashʿath b. Sulaym, from a man of Kinānah, who said: I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ in the market of Dhū al-Majāz, and he was saying: "O people, say: There is no god but Allah, and you will prosper." And there was a man behind him scattering dust on him, and it was Abū Jahl, and he was saying: "O people, do not let this man deceive you about your religion. He only wants you to abandon the worship of al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā." He followed him wherever he went, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fled from him, and the Messenger of Allah ﷺ did not turn toward him. Al-Ḥāfiẓ ʿImād al-Dīn b. Kathīr said: What is well established is: Abū Lahab. It may be that Abū Jahl is a mistake, and it is possible that it was this one at one time, and that one at another time, and that they took turns in harming the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. I say: And this is the apparent meaning. [ The Messenger's presenting himself to Banū Kalb ] Ibn Isḥāq said: And Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ḥuṣayn related to me: that he came to Kalb in their encampments, to a clan of theirs called Banū ʿAbd Allāh, and he called them to Allah and presented himself to them, until he said to them: "O Banū ʿAbd Allāh, Allah, mighty and majestic, has made your father's name beautiful." But they did not accept from him what he offered them. [ The Messenger's presenting himself to Banū Ḥanīfah ] Ibn Isḥāq said: And some of our companions related to me from ʿAbd Allāh b. Kaʿb b. Mālik: that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to Banū Ḥanīfah in their encampments, and he called them to Allah and presented himself to them. No one among the Arabs gave him an uglier rejection than they did. [ The Messenger's presenting himself to Banū ʿĀmir ] Ibn Isḥāq said: And al-Zuhrī related to me: that he came to Banū ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah, and he called them to Allah, mighty and majestic, and presented himself to them. A man among them said to him—called Bayḥarah b. Firās. Ibn Hishām said: Firās b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Salamah (al-Khayr) b. Qushayr b. Kaʿb b. Rabīʿah b. ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah—: "By Allah, if I were to take this youth from Quraysh, I would eat the Arabs with him." Then he said: "Tell me, if we pledge allegiance to you in your matter, and then Allah gives you victory over those who oppose you, will the matter be ours after you?" He said: "The matter belongs to Allah; He places it where He wills." He said: So he said to him: "Are our throats to be exposed to the Arabs for you, and then when Allah gives you victory, the matter will be for others than us? We have no need of your matter." So they refused him. When the people departed, Banū ʿĀmir returned to an old man of theirs, whom old age had overtaken so that he was unable to attend the fairs with them. When they returned to him, they would tell him what happened at that fair. When they came to him that year, he asked them about what had happened at their fair. They said: "A youth from Quraysh came to us, then one of Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, claiming that he is a prophet, calling us to protect him and stand with him and take him to our lands." He said: So the old man placed his hands on his head and said: "O Banū ʿĀmir, is there any remedy for it? Is there any way to recover what has passed? By the One in whose hand is the soul of so-and-so, no descendant of Ishmael has ever said this falsely; it is indeed true. Where was your judgment?" [ The Messenger's presenting himself to the Arabs at the fairs ] Ibn Isḥāq said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ continued in this state of his affair. Whenever the people gathered at the fair, he would come to them, calling the tribes to Allah and to Islam, and presenting himself to them, and what he had brought from Allah of guidance and mercy. And he did not hear of any arrival coming to Makkah from the Arabs, having a name and nobility, but he would go to him, call him to Allah, and offer him what he had. Al-Wāqidī added—in mentioning the tribes to which the Prophet ﷺ presented Islam—saying: And to Banū ʿAbs, Ghassān, Banū Muḥārib, Banū Fazārah, Banū Murrah, Banū Sulaym, Banū Naṣr b. Hawāzin, Banū Thaʿlabah b. ʿUkābah—with ḍammah on the unpointed ʿayn and fatḥah on the pointed bāʾ—and Banū al-Ḥārith b. Kaʿb, Banū ʿUdhrah, and Qays b. al-Khaṭīm. And he related their reports. And Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī narrated from ʿĀmir b. Salamah al-Ḥanafī, and he had embraced Islam at the end of the Prophet's life ﷺ, that he said: We ask Allah not to deprive us of Paradise. Indeed I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ come to us for three years at ʿUkāẓ, Majannah, and Dhū al-Majāz, calling us to Allah—mighty and majestic—and to protect his back until he conveyed the messages of his Lord, and he stipulated Paradise for us. But we did not respond to him, nor did we give him a good reply. We feared for him, and he bore with us patiently. ʿĀmir said: So I returned to Hajar in the first year, and Hawdhah b. ʿAlī said to me: "Was there any news at your fair this year?" I said: "A man from Quraysh who goes around to the tribes calling them to Allah, exalted, alone, and to protect his back until he conveys the message of his Lord, and they will have Paradise." Hawdhah said: "From which Quraysh is he?" I said: "He is from the middle of them in lineage, from Banū ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib." Hawdhah said: "Is he Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib?" I said: "He is the one." He said: "Indeed, his affair will prevail over what is here." So I said: "Here alone, out of all the lands?" He said: "And other than what is here." Then I came to Hajar in the second year, and he said: "What has the man done?" I said: "By Allah, I saw him in the same state as last year." He said: Then I came in the third year, and it was the last time I saw him, and his affair had become important, and his mention had become abundant among the people. The ḥadīth. And from Ibn ʿAbbās, from al-ʿAbbās, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to me: "I do not see that you or your brother can protect me. Will you take me out to the market tomorrow, so that you may show me the encampments of the tribes of the people?" — and it was the gathering place of the Arabs — He said: So I said: "This is Kindah and its confederates, and it is the best of those who make pilgrimage to the House from Yemen. And these are the encampments of Bakr b. Wāʾil. And these are the encampments of Banū ʿĀmir b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah. Choose for yourself." He said: So he began with Kindah and came to them, and said: "From whom are the people?" They said: "From the people of Yemen." He said: "From which Yemen?" They said: "From Kindah." He said: "From which Kindah?" They said: "From Banū ʿAmr b. Muʿāwiyah." He said: "Would you like something good?" They said: "And what is it?" He said: "That you bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and establish prayer, and believe in what has come from Allah." ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ajlaḥ said: And my father related to me from the elders of his people that Kindah said to him: "If you prevail, will you make the kingship ours after you?" The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Kingship belongs to Allah; He places it where He wills." They said: "We have no need of what you have brought us." And al-Kalbī said: They said: "Have you come to us to turn us away from our gods, and to fight the Arabs? Go back to your people, for we have no need of you." So he departed from them and came to Bakr b. Wāʾil, and said: "From whom are the people?" They said: "From Bakr b. Wāʾil." He said: "From which Bakr b. Wāʾil?" They said: "From Banū Qays b. Thaʿlabah." He said: "How is your number?" They said: "Many, like the moist earth." He said: "How is your strength to protect?" They said: "We have no strength to protect. We are neighbors of Persia, and we cannot defend ourselves from them, nor can we give protection against them." He said: "Will you make a covenant with Allah, if He keeps you alive until you take their dwellings, and marry their women, and enslave their sons, that you will glorify Allah thirty-three times, and praise Him thirty-three times, and magnify Him thirty-four times?" They said: "And who are you?" He said: "I am the Messenger of Allah." Then he departed, and when he turned away from them—al-Kalbī said—his uncle Abū Lahab used to follow him, saying to the people: "Do not accept his words." Then Abū Lahab passed by them, and they said: "Do you know this man?" He said: "Yes, he is from the summit of us. About which of his affairs are you asking?" They told him what he had called them to, and said: "He claims that he is the Messenger of Allah." He said: "Indeed, do not raise your heads at his words, for he is mad, and he babbles from the top of his head." They said: "We saw that when he mentioned what he mentioned about the affair of Persia."
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