Dalil
العربية

Tarikh (al-Tabari) 826

The polytheists' harm to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after the death of Abu Talib and Khadijah, and what occurred regarding the journey to al-Ta'if

قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ قُرَيْشًا تَذَامَرُوا بَيْنَهُمْ عَلَى مَنْ فِي الْقَبَائِلِ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا، فَوَثَبَتْ كُلُّ قَبِيلَةٍ عَلَى مَنْ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ يُعَذِّبُونَهُمْ وَيَفْتِنُونَهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ فَجَعَلُوا يَحْبِسُونَهُمْ وَيُعَذِّبُونَهُمْ بِالضَّرْبِ وَالْجُوعِ وَالْعَطَشِ وَبِرَمْضَاءِ مَكَّةَ إِذَا اشْتَدَّ الْحَرُّ مِمَّنِ اسْتَضْعَفُوهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يُفْتَتَنُ مِنْ شِدَّةِ الْبَلَاءِ الَّذِي يُصِيبُهُمْ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ تَصَلَّبَ لَهُمْ وَيَعْصِمُهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. رَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: أَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَبْلُغُونَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا يُعْذَرُونَ بِهِ فِي تَرْكِ دِينِهِمْ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، وَاللَّهِ إِنْ كَانُوا لَيَضْرِبُونَ أَحَدَهُمْ وَيُجِيعُونَهُ وَيُعَطِّشُونَهُ حَتَّى مَا يَقْدِرُ يَسْتَوِي جَالِسًا مِنْ شِدَّةِ الضُّرِّ الَّذِي نَزَلَ بِهِ حَتَّى يَقُولُوا لَهُ: اللَّاتُ وَالْعُزَّى إِلَهُكَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ؟ فَيَقُولُ: نَعَمْ حَتَّى إِنَّ الْجُعْلَ لَيَمُرُّ بِهِمْ فَيَقُولُونَ لَهُ: هَذَا الْجُعْلُ إِلَهُكَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ فَيَقُولُ نَعَمِ. افْتِدَاءً مِنْهُمْ مِمَّا يَبْلُغُونَ مِنْ جَهْدِهِمْ. وَكَانَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ الْخَبِيثُ هُوَ الَّذِي يُغْرِي بِهِمْ رِجَالَ قُرَيْشٍ، إِذَا سَمِعَ بِالرَّجُلِ أَسْلَمَ لَهُ شَرَفٌ وَمَنَعَةٌ أَنَّبَهُ [وَأَخْزَاهُ] فَقَالَ: تَرَكْتَ دِينَ أَبِيكَ وَهُوَ خَيْرٌ مِنْكَ، لَنُسَفِّهَنَّ حِلْمَكَ وَلَنُفَيِّلَنَّ رَأْيَكَ وَلَنَضَعَنَّ شَرَفَكَ. وَإِنْ كَانَ تَاجِرًا قَالَ: وَاللَّهِ لَنُكْسِدَنَّ تِجَارَتَكَ وَلَنُهْلِكَنَّ مَالِكَ. وَإِنْ كَانَ ضَعِيفًا ضَرَبَهُ وَأَغْرَى بِهِ. فَمِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ بِلَالٌ ؓ، وَكَانَ صَادِقَ الْإِسْلَامِ طَاهِرَ الْقَلْبِ  . قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ: فَكَانَ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ يُخْرِجُهُ إِذَا حَمِيَتِ الظَّهِيرَةُ فَيَطْرَحُهُ عَلَى ظَهْرِهِ فِي بَطْحَاءِ مَكَّةَ ثُمَّ يَأْمُرُ بِالصَّخْرَةِ الْعَظِيمَةِ فَتُوضَعُ عَلَى صَدْرِهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ لَهُ: لَا تَزَالُ هَكَذَا حَتَّى تَمُوتَ أَوْ تَكْفُرَ بِمُحَمَّدٍ وَتَعْبُدَ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى فَيَقُولُ وَهُوَ فِي ذَلِكَ الْبَلَاءِ. أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ أَنَا كَافِرٌ بِاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ الْعَاصِ قَالَ: مَرَرْتُ بِبِلَالٍ وَهُوَ يُعَذَّبُ فِي الرَّمْضَاءِ وَلَوْ أَنَّ بَضْعَةَ لَحْمٍ وُضِعَتْ عَلَيْهِ لَنَضِجَتْ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَنَا كَافِرٌ بِاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى. وَأُمَيَّةُ مُغْتَاظٌ عَلَيْهِ فَيَزِيدُهُ عَذَابًا فَيُقْبِلُ عَلَيْهِ فَيَدْغَتُ فِي حَلْقِهِ فَيُغْشَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ يُفِيقُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ حَسَّانَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ؓ قَالَ: حَجَجْتُ- أَوْ قَالَ اعْتَمَرْتُ- فَرَأَيْتُ بِلَالًا فِي حَبْلٍ طَوِيلٍ يَمُدُّهُ الصِّبْيَانُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ أَنَا أَكْفُرُ بِاللَّاتِ وَالْعُزَّى وَهُبَلٍ وَنَائِلَةَ وَبُوَانَةَ، فَأَضْجَعَهُ أُمَيَّةُ فِي الرَّمْضَاءِ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: جَعَلُوا فِي عُنُقِ بِلَالٍ حَبْلًا وَأَمَرُوا صِبْيَانَهُمْ أَنْ يَشْتَدُّوا بِهِ بَيْنَ أَخْشَبَيْ مَكَّةَ - يَعْنِي جَبَلَيْهَا- فَفَعَلُوا ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ بِلَالٌ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَكَانَ يُعَذَّبُ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ لِيَرْجِعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ فَمَا أَعْطَاهُمْ قَطُّ كَلِمَةً مِمَّا يُرِيدُونَ، وَكَانَ الَّذِي يُعَذِّبُهُ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْ عُمَيْرِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ: كَانَ بِلَالٌ إِذَا اشْتَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الْعَذَابُ قَالَ: أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ. فَيَقُولُونَ لَهُ: قُلْ كَمَا نَقُولُ فَيَقُولُ: إِنَّ لِسَانِي لَا يَنْطِقُ بِهِ وَلَا يُحْسِنُهُ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: وَرُوِيَ أَنَّ بِلَالًا قَالَ: أَعْطِشُونِي يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً ثُمَّ أَخْرِجُونِي فَعَذِّبُونِي فِي الرَّمْضَاءِ فِي يَوْمٍ حَارٍّ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: وَحَدَّثَنِي هِشَامُ بْنُ عُرْوَةَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: كَانَ وَرَقَةُ بْنُ نَوْفَلٍ يَمُرُّ بِبِلَالٍ وَهُوَ يُعَذَّبُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ. فَيَقُولُ وَرَقَةُ: أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ وَاللَّهِ يَا بِلَالُ. ثُمَّ يُقْبِلُ عَلَى أُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ وَمَنْ يَصْنَعُ ذَلِكَ بِهِ مِنْ بَنِي جُمَحَ فَيَقُولُ: أَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ لَئِنْ قَتَلْتُمُوهُ لَأَتَّخِذَنَّهُ حَنَانًا. حَتَّى مَرَّ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصِّدِّيقُ ؓ وَهُمْ يَصْنَعُونَ بِهِ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَتْ دَارُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ فِي بَنِي جُمَحَ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ لِأُمَيَّةَ: أَلَا تَتَّقِي اللَّهَ فِي هَذَا الْمِسْكِينِ حَتَّى مَتَى تُعَذِّبُهُ؟ قَالَ أَنْتَ أَفْسَدْتَهُ فَأَنْقِذْهُ مِمَّا تَرَى. قَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ: أَفْعَلُ. عِنْدِي غُلَامٌ أَسْوَدُ أَجْلَدُ مِنْهُ وَأَقْوَى عَلَى دِينِكَ أُعْطِيكَهُ بِهِ. قَالَ: قَدْ قَبِلْتُ. قَالَ: هُوَ لَكَ. فَأَعْطَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ غُلَامَهُ ذَلِكَ وَأَخَذَ بِلَالًا فَأَعْتَقَهُ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ صَحِيحٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ قَالَ: لَمَّا أَسْلَمَ بِلَالٌ أَخَذَهُ أَهْلُهُ فَقَمَطُوهُ وَأَلْقَوْا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْبَطْحَاءِ، وَجَعَلُوا يَقُولُونَ: رَبُّكَ اللَّاتُ وَالْعُزَّى. فَيَقُولُ أَحَدٌ أَحَدٌ. فَأَتَى عَلَيْهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَقَالَ: عَلَامَ تُعَذِّبُونَ هَذَا الْإِنْسَانَ؟ فَاشْتَرَاهُ بِسَبْعِ أَوَاقِيَ وَأَعْتَقَهُ. فَذَكَرَ ذَلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَدِ اشْتَرَاهُ فَقَالَ: الشَّرِكَةُ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ. فَقَالَ: قَدْ أَعْتَقْتُهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ بِسَنَدٍ جَيِّدٍ عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ أَبِي خَالِدٍ عَنْ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: اشْتَرَى أَبُو بَكْرٍ بِلَالًا بِخَمْسِ أَوَاقِيَ. وَمِنْهُمْ خَبَّابُ بْنُ الْأَرَتِّ  بِالْمُثَنَّاةِ الْفَوْقِيَّةِ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: قَالُوا كَانَ الْأَرَتُّ سَوَادِيًا، فَأَغَارَ قَوْمٌ مِنْ رَبِيعَةَ عَلَى النَّاحِيَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ فِيهَا فَسَبَوْهُ وَأَتَوْا بِهِ الْحِجَازَ فَبَاعُوهُ فَوَقَعَ إِلَى سِبَاعِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى الْخُزَاعِيِّ حَلِيفِ بَنِي زُهْرَةَ وَزَعَمَ أَبُو الْيَقْظَانِ أَنْ خَبَّابًا كَانَ أَخَا سِبَاعٍ لِأُمِّهِ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: وَخَبَّابٌ فِيمَا يَقُولُ وَلَدُهُ: ابْنُ الْأَرَتِّ بْنِ جَنْدَلَةَ بْنِ سَعْدِ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، مِنْ بَنِي سَعْدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ مَنَاةَ بْنِ تَمِيمٍ، وَإِنَّهُ وَقَعَ عَلَيْهِ سَبْيٌ فَصَارَ إِلَى أُمِّ أَنْمَارٍ مَوْلَاتُهُ فَأَعْتَقَتْهُ وَإِنَّهُ كَانَتْ بِهِ رَتَّةٌ، كَانَ أَلْكَنَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمَ بِالْعَرَبِيَّةِ فَسُمِّيَ الْأَرَتَّ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْ كُرْدُوسٍ أَنَّ خَبَّابًا أَسْلَمَ سَادِسَ سِتَّةٍ  . وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ قَالَ: أَعْطَوْهُمْ مَا أَرَادُوا حِينَ عُذِّبُوا إِلَّا خَبَّابَ بْنَ الْأَرَتِّ فَجَعَلُوا يُلْصِقُونَ ظَهْرَهُ بِالْأَرْضِ عَلَى الرَّضْفِ حَتَّى ذَهَبَ مَاءُ مَتْنِهِ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، وَمِنْ طَرِيقٍ آخَرَ عَنْ أَبِي لَيْلَى الْكِنْدِيِّ قَالَ، جَاءَ خَبَّابٌ إِلَى عُمَرَ ؓ فَقَالَ لَهُ عُمَرُ: ادْنُهْ، ادْنُهْ. فَأَجْلَسَهُ عَلَى مُتَّكَئِهِ وَقَالَ: مَا أَحَدٌ أَحَقَّ بِهَذَا الْمَجْلِسِ مِنْكَ إِلَّا رَجُلٌ وَاحِدٌ. قَالَ: وَمَنْ هُوَ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ؟ قَالَ: بِلَالٌ - وَفِي رِوَايَةِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ قَالَ: مَا هُوَ بِأَحَقَّ مِنِّي إِنَّ بِلَالًا كَانَ لَهُ فِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ مَنْ يَمْنَعُهُ اللَّهُ بِهِ، وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي أَحَدٌ، لَقَدْ رَأَيْتُنِي يَوْمًا وَقَدْ أَوْقَدُوا لِي نَارًا ثُمَّ سَلَقُونِي فِيهَا ثُمَّ وَضَعَ رَجُلٌ رِجْلَهُ عَلَى صَدْرِي فَمَا اتَّقَيْتُ الْأَرْضَ إِلَّا بِظَهْرِي ثُمَّ كَشَفَ خَبَّابٌ عَنْ ظَهْرِهِ فَإِذَا هُوَ قَدْ بَرَصَ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ قَالَ: كَانَ خَبَّابٌ قَيْنًا وَكَانَ قَدْ أَسْلَمَ، فَكَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَأْلَفُهُ وَيَأْتِيهِ فَأُخْبِرَتْ بِذَلِكَ مَوْلَاتُهُ فَكَانَتْ تَأْخُذُ الْحَدِيدَةَ وَقَدْ أَحْمَتْهَا فَتَضَعُهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ، فَشَكَا ذَلِكَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ، فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ انْصُرْ خَبَّابًا فَاشْتَكَتْ مَوْلَاتُهُ رَأْسَهَا وَهِيَ أُمُّ أَنْمَارٍ فَكَانَتْ تَعْوِي مَعَ الْكِلَابِ، فَقِيلَ لَهَا اكْتُوِي فَكَانَ خَبَّابٌ يَأْخُذُ الْحَدِيدَةَ قَدْ أَحْمَاهَا فَيَكْوِي بِهَا رَأْسَهَا. قَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ وَكَانَ الَّذِي يُعَذِّبُ خَبَّابًا حِينَ أَسْلَمَ وَلَازَمَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عُتْبَةَ بْنَ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ. وَقِيلَ وَهُوَ الثَّبْتُ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ. وَرَوَى الْبُخَارِيُّ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ خَبَّابٍ ؓ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ مُتَوَسِّدٌ بُرْدَهُ فِي ظِلِّ الْكَعْبَةِ وَلَقَدْ لَقِينَا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ شِدَّةً شَدِيدَةً فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَلَا تَدْعُو اللَّهَ لَنَا؟ فَقَعَدَ مُحْمَرًّا وَجْهُهُ فَقَالَ: إِنْ كَانَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ لَيُمْشَطُ أَحَدِهِمْ بِأَمْشَاطِ الْحَدِيدِ مَا دُونَ عَظْمِهِ مِنْ لَحْمٍ وَعَصَبٍ مَا يَصْرِفُهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَيُوضَعُ الْمِنْشَارُ عَلَى مَفْرِقِ رَأْسِ أَحَدِهِمْ فَيُشَقُّ بِاثْنَتَيْنِ مَا يَصْرِفُهُ ذَلِكَ عَنْ دِينِهِ، وَلَيُتِمَنَّ اللَّهُ هَذَا الْأَمْرَ حَتَّى يَسِيرَ الرَّاكِبُ مِنْ صَنْعَاءَ إِلَى حَضْرَمَوْتَ لَا يَخَافُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ وَالذِّئْبَ عَلَى غَنَمِهِ. وَمِنْهُمْ صُهَيْبُ بْنُ سِنَانٍ الرُّومِيُّ. رَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ عُرْوَةَ قَالَ: كَانَ صُهَيْبٌ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي اللَّهِ  . وَمِنْهُمْ عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: قَالُوا كَانَ عَامِرٌ مِنَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ  فَكَانَ يُعَذَّبُ بِمَكَّةَ لِيَرْجِعَ عَنْ دِينِهِ حَتَّى اشْتَرَاهُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَعْتَقَهُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ - بِضَمِّ الْقَافِ وَكَسْرِ الظَّاءِ الْمُشَالَةِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ- قَالَ: كَانَ عَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ يُعَذَّبُ حَتَّى لَا يَدْرِيَ مَا يَقُولُ. وَمِنْهُمْ أَبُو فُكَيْهَةَ وَاسْمُهُ أَفْلَحُ وَيُقَالُ يَسَارٌ  . وَكَانَ عَبْدًا لِصَفْوَانَ بْنِ أُمَيَّةَ فَأَسْلَمَ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ بِلَالٌ، فَمَرَّ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَقَدْ أَخَذَهُ أُمَيَّةُ بْنُ خَلَفٍ فَرَبَطَ فِي رِجْلِهِ حَبْلًا وَأَمَرَ بِهِ فَجُرَّ ثُمَّ أَلْقَاهُ فِي الرَّمْضَاءِ فَمَرَّ بِهِ جُعَلٌ فَقَالَ: أَلَيْسَ هَذَا رَبُّكَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُ رَبِّي خَلَقَنِي وَخَلَقَكَ وَخَلَقَ هَذَا الْجُعْلَ فَغَلِطَ عَلَيْهِ وَجَعَلَ يَخْنُقُهُ وَمَعَهُ أَخُوهُ أُبَيُّ بْنُ خَلَفٍ يَقُولُ: زِدْهُ عَذَابًا حَتَّى يَأْتِيَ مُحَمَّدٌ فَيُخَلِّصُهُ بِسِحْرِهِ. فَأَخْرَجَهُ نِصْفَ النَّهَارِ فِي شِدَّةِ الْحَرِّ مُقَيَّدًا إِلَى الرَّمْضَاءِ وَوَضَعَ عَلَى بَطْنِهِ صَخْرَةً فَدَلَعَ لِسَانَهُ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ حَتَّى ظَنُّوا أَنَّهُ قَدْ مَاتَ، ثُمَّ أَفَاقَ فَمَرَّ بِهِ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَاشْتَرَاهُ وَأَعْتَقَهُ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو فُكَيْهَةَ يُعَذَّبُ حَتَّى- لَا يَدْرِي مَا يَقُولُ. وَمِنْهُمْ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ وَأَبُوهُ وَأُمُّهُ سُمَيَّةُ وَأَخُوهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ؓ. رَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ وَالْبَيْهَقِيُّ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: أَوَّلُ مَنْ أَظْهَرَ الْإِسْلَامَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَبِلَالٌ وَخَبَّابٌ وَصُهَيْبٌ وَعَمَّارٌ  ، فَأَمَّا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَمَنَعَهُ اللَّهُ بِعَمِّهِ، وَأَمَّا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَمَنَعَهُ قَوْمُهُ، وَأَمَّا الْآخَرُونَ فَأُلْبِسُوا دُرُوعَ الْحَدِيدِ وَصُهِرُوا فِي الشَّمْسِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ الْجَهْدُ مِنْهُمْ، وَجَاءَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ إِلَى سُمَيَّةَ فَطَعَنَهَا فِي قَلْبِهَا فَهِيَ أَوَّلُ شَهِيدَةٍ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ  . وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ كَعْبٍ الْقُرَظِيِّ قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي مَنْ رَأَى عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ مُتَجَرِّدًا فِي سَرَاوِيلَ. قَالَ: وَنَظَرْتُ إِلَى ظَهْرِهِ فَإِذَا فِيهِ حَبَطٌ فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا؟ قَالَ: هَذَا مَا كَانَتْ قُرَيْشٌ تُعَذِّبُنِي فِي رَمْضَاءِ مَكَّةَ. وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْهُ أَيْضًا قَالَ: كَانَ عَمَّارٌ يُعَذَّبُ حَتَّى لَا يَدْرِيَ مَا يَقُولُ  . وَرَوَى الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ عَنْ أُمِّ هَانِئٍ ؓ أَنَّ عَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ وَأَبَاهُ يَاسِرًا وَأَخَاهُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ وَسُمَيَّةَ أُمَّ عَمَّارٍ كَانُوا يُعَذَّبُونَ فِي اللَّهِ فَمَرَّ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: صَبْرًا آلَ يَاسِرٍ فَإِنَّ مَوْعِدَكُمُ الْجَنَّةُ. فَمَاتَ يَاسِرٌ فِي الْعَذَابِ وَأَغْلَظَتْ سُمَيَّةُ لِأَبِي جَهْلٍ فَطَعَنَهَا فِي قَلْبِهَا فَمَاتَتْ، وَرُمِيَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ فَسَقَطَ. وَمِنْهُمْ جَارِيَةُ بَنِي الْمُؤَمَّلِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: وَكَانَ يُقَالُ لَهَا فِيمَا ذَكَرَ أَبُو الْبَخْتَرِيِّ: لَبِيبَةُ، أَسْلَمَتْ قَبْلَ إِسْلَامِ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ  فَكَانَ عُمَرُ يُعَذِّبُهَا حَتَّى يَفْتُرَ فَيَدَعُهَا ثُمَّ يَقُولُ: أَمَا إِنِّي أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكِ بِأَنِّي لَمْ أَدَعْكِ إِلَّا سَآمَةً فَتَقُولُ: كَذَلِكَ يُعَذِّبُكَ رَبُّكَ إِنْ لَمْ تُسْلِمْ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنْ حَسَّانَ قَالَ: قَدِمْتُ مَكَّةَ مُعْتَمِرًا وَالنَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ يُؤْذَوْنَ وَيُعَذَّبُونَ، فَوَقَفْتُ عَلَى عُمَرَ وَهُوَ مُتَوَزِّرٌ يَخْنُقُ جَارِيَةَ بَنِي عَمْرِو بْنِ الْمُؤَمَّلِ حَتَّى تَسْتَرْخِيَ فِي يَدَيْهِ فَأَقُولُ قَدْ مَاتَتْ. فَاشْتَرَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ فَأَعْتَقَهَا. وَمِنْهُمْ زِنِّيرَةُ - بِزَايٍ فَنُونٍ مُشَدَّدَةٍ مَكْسُورَتَيْنِ فَمُثَنَّاةٍ تَحْتِيَّةٍ سَاكِنَةٍ وَهِيَ فِي اللُّغَةِ الْحَصَاةُ الصَّغِيرَةُ وَيُرْوَى: زَنْبَرَةُ بِزَايٍ مَفْتُوحَةٍ فَنُونٍ سَاكِنَةٍ فَبَاءٍ مُوَحَّدَةٍ- الرُّومِيَّةُ كَانَ عُمَرُ بْنُ الْخَطَّابِ وَأَبُو جَهْلِ يُعَذِّبَانِهَا. قَالَ الْبَلَاذُرِيُّ: قَالُوا وَكَانَ أَبُو جَهْلٍ يَقُولُ أَلَا تَعْجَبُونَ لِهَؤُلَاءِ وَاتِّبَاعِهِمْ مُحَمَّدًا ؟ فَلَوْ كَانَ مَا أَتَى بِهِ مُحَمَّدٌ خَيْرًا وَحَقًّا مَا سَبَقُونَا إِلَيْهِ أَفَسَبَقَتْنَا زِنِّيرَةُ إِلَى رُشْدٍ وَهِيَ مَنْ تَرَوْنَ. وَكَانَتْ زِنِّيرَةُ قَدْ عُذِّبَتْ حَتَّى عَمِيَتْ  فَقَالَ لَهَا أَبُو جَهْلٍ: إِنَّ اللَّاتَ وَالْعُزَّى فَعَلَتَا بِكِ مَا تَرَيْنَ. فَقَالَتْ، وَهِيَ لَا تُبْصِرُ: وَمَا تَدْرِي اللَّاتُ وَالْعُزَّى مَنْ يَعْبُدُهُمَا، وَلَكِنَّ هَذَا أَمْرٌ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ وَرَبِّي قَادِرٌ عَلَى أَنْ يَرُدَّ بَصَرِي. فَأَصْبَحَتْ تِلْكَ اللَّيْلَةَ وَقَدْ رَدَّ اللَّهُ بَصَرَهَا، فَقَالَتْ قُرَيْشٌ: هَذَا مِنْ سِحْرِ مُحَمَّدٍ فَاشْتَرَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ فَأَعْتَقَهَا. وَمِنْهُمْ أُمُّ عُنَيْسٍ - بِعَيْنٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ مَضْمُومَةٍ فَنُونٍ فَمُثَنَّاةٍ تَحْتِيَّةٍ فَسِينٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ- وَيُقَالُ عُبَيْسٌ بِبَاءٍ مُوَحَّدَةٍ فَمُثَنَّاةٍ تَحْتِيَّةٍ. أَمَةٌ لِبَنِي زُهْرَةَ، وَكَانَ الْأَسْوَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ يَغُوثَ يُعَذِّبُهَا  فَابْتَاعَهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ. وَمِنْهُمُ النَّهْدِيَّةُ  وَابْنَتُهَا. وَكَانَتْ مُوَلَّدَةً لِبَنِي نَهْدِ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فَصَارَتْ لِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي عَبْدِ الدَّارِ فَكَانَتْ تُعَذِّبُهُمَا وَتَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أَقْلَعْتُ عَنْكُمَا أَوْ يُعْتِقُكُمَا بَعْضُ مَنْ صَبَأَ بِكُمَا. فَمَرَّ بِهِمَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ وَقَدْ بَعَثَتْهُمَا فِي طَحِينٍ لَهَا وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: وَاللَّهِ لَا أُعْتِقُكُمَا أَبَدًا فَقَالَ: حِلَّ يَا أُمَّ فُلَانٍ فَقَالَتْ حِلَّ أَنْتَ وَاللَّهِ أَفْسَدْتَهُمَا فَأَعْتِقْهُمَا. قَالَ: فَبِكُمْ هُمَا؟ قَالَتْ: بِكَذَا وَكَذَا. قَالَ: قَدْ أَخَذْتُهُمَا بِهِ وَهُمَا حُرَّتَانِ أَرْجِعَا إِلَيْهَا طَحِينَهَا، قَالَتَا: أَوْ نَفْرَغُ مِنْهُ يَا أَبَا بَكْرٍ ثُمَّ نَرُدُّهُ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ: أَوْ ذَاكُمَا إِنْ شِئْتُمَا. وَمِنْهُمْ أُمُّ بِلَالٍ حَمَامَةُ  . ذَكَرَهَا أَبُو عُمَرَ فِي الدُّرَرِ فِيمَنْ كَانَ يُعَذَّبُ فِي اللَّهِ فَاشْتَرَاهَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَأَعْتَقَهَا. وَأَهْمَلَهَا أَبُو عُمَرَ فِي الِاسْتِيعَابِ وَاسْتَدْرَكُوهَا عَلَى الِاسْتِيعَابِ. وَالْحَاصِلُ مِمَّا تَقَدَّمَ: أَنَّ أَبَا بَكْرٍ ؓ اشْتَرَى جَمَاعَةً مِمَّنْ كَانَ يُعَذَّبُ فِي اللَّهِ تَعَالَى  ، وَهُمْ بِلَالٌ وَأُمُّهُ وَعَامِرُ بْنُ فُهَيْرَةَ وَأَبُو فُكَيْهَةَ وَجَارِيَةُ بَنِي الْمُؤَمَّلِ وَالنَّهْدِيَّةُ وَابْنَتُهَا وَزِنِّيرَةُ. وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ وَصَحَّحَهُ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ قَالَ: قَالَ أَبُو قُحَافَةَ لِأَبِي بَكْرٍ ؓ: يَا بُنَيَّ أَرَاكَ تَعْتِقُ رِقَابًا ضِعَافًا فَلَوْ أَنَّكَ فَعَلْتَ مَا فَعَلْتَ فَأَعْتَقْتَ رِجَالًا جُلَدَاءَ يَمْنَعُونَكَ وَيَقُومُونَ دُونَكَ؟ فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ ؓ: يَا أَبَتِ إِنَّمَا أُرِيدُ مَا أُرِيدُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَأَمَّا مَنْ أَعْطَى وَاتَّقَى وَصَدَّقَ بِالْحُسْنَى [اللَّيْلِ 5]  إِلَى آخِرِ السُّورَةِ. قَالَ عَمَّارُ بْنُ يَاسِرٍ ؓ يَذْكُرُ بِلَالًا وَأَصْحَابَهُ الَّذِينَ أَعْتَقَهُمْ أَبُو بَكْرٍ مِمَّا كَانُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْبَلَاءِ وَكَانَ اسْمُ أَبِي بَكْرٍ عَتِيقًا: جَزَى اللَّهُ خَيْرًا عَنْ بِلَالِ وَصَحْبِهِ عَتِيقًا وَأَخْزَى فَاكِهًا وَأَبَا جَهْلِ     عَشِيَّةَ هَمَّا فِي بِلَالٍ وَصَحْبِهِ وَلَمْ يَحْذَرَا مَا يَحْذَرُ الْمَرْءُ ذُو الْعَقْلِ     بِتَوْحِيدِهِ رَبَّ الْأَنَامِ وَقَوْلِهِ شَهِدْتُ بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ رَبِّي عَلَى مَهْلِ     فَإِنْ تَقْتُلُونِي تَقْتُلُونِي وَلَمْ أَكُنْ لِأُشْرِكَ بِالرَّحْمَنِ مِنْ خِيفَةِ الْقَتْلِ     فَيَا رَبَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالْعَبْدِ يُونُسَ وَمُوسَى وَعِيسَى نَجِّنِي ثُمَّ لَا تُمْلِ     لِمَنْ ظَلَّ يَهْوَى الْعِزَّ مِنْ آلِ غَالِبٍ عَلَى غَيْرِ حَقٍّ كَانَ مِنْهُ وَلَا عَدْلِ

Translation

✧ Ibn Isḥāq said: Then Quraysh conspired among themselves against those of the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ who had accepted Islam within the tribes. Each tribe leapt upon the Muslims among them, torturing them and trying to turn them away from their religion. They imprisoned them and tortured them by beating, hunger, thirst, and the scorching heat of Makkah when the heat grew intense, against those whom they deemed weak. Some of them were tempted away from their faith by the severity of the affliction that befell them, while others stood firm and Allah Almighty protected them. Ibn Isḥāq narrated from Saʿīd b. Jubayr, who said: I asked Ibn ʿAbbās: Did the polytheists inflict upon the companions of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ such suffering that they would be excused for abandoning their religion? He said: Yes, by Allah, they would beat one of them, starve him, and make him thirsty until he could not even sit upright from the intense hardship that had befallen him, until they would say to him: Is al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā your god instead of Allah? And he would say: Yes, even to the point that a dung beetle would pass by them and they would say: This dung beetle is your god instead of Allah, and he would say: Yes, seeking deliverance from the extremity of their torment. The wicked Abū Jahl was the one who incited the men of Quraysh against them. If he heard that a man with honor and protection had accepted Islam, he would rebuke and humiliate him, saying: You have abandoned the religion of your father, though he was better than you. We will make your forbearance seem foolish, we will make your judgment worthless, and we will demean your honor. And if he was a merchant, he would say: By Allah, we will ruin your trade and destroy your wealth. And if he was weak, he would beat him and incite others against him. Among the weak was Bilāl ؓ, who was sincere in Islam and pure of heart. Ibn Isḥāq and others said: Umayyah b. Khalaf would bring him out when the midday heat blazed, throw him on his back on the smooth pebbles of Makkah, then order a great rock to be placed on his chest, then say to him: You will remain like this until you die or disbelieve in Muḥammad and worship al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā. And in that affliction he would say: One, One! I disbelieve in al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā. Al-Balādhurī narrated from ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀṣ, who said: I passed by Bilāl while he was being tortured in the scorching sand, and had a piece of meat been placed on him it would have cooked, and he was saying: I disbelieve in al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā. Umayyah was enraged with him and increased his torment, so he came at him and stamped on his throat until he fainted, then he revived. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Ḥassān b. Thābit ؓ, who said: I made the pilgrimage — or he said: I performed ʿumrah — and I saw Bilāl in a long rope that boys were pulling, and he was saying: One, One! I disbelieve in al-Lāt, al-ʿUzzā, Hubal, Nāʾilah, and Buwānah. Then Umayyah made him lie on the scorching sand. Al-Balādhurī narrated from Mujāhid, who said: They put a rope around Bilāl's neck and commanded their boys to drag him between the two mountains of Makkah — meaning its two mountains — and they did so while he was saying: One, One. Ibn Saʿd narrated from ʿUrwah, who said: Bilāl was among the weak believers, and he was tortured after he accepted Islam to make him abandon his religion, but he never gave them a single word of what they wanted. The one who tortured him was Umayyah b. Khalaf al-Jumaḥī. Al-Balādhurī narrated from ʿUmayr b. Isḥāq, who said: When the torture became severe upon Bilāl, he would say: One, One. They would say to him: Say as we say. He would say: My tongue cannot utter it, nor knows how. Al-Balādhurī said: It is narrated that Bilāl said: Make me thirsty for a day and a night, then bring me out and torture me in the scorching sand on a hot day. Ibn Isḥāq said: Hishām b. ʿUrwah narrated to me from his father, who said: Waraqah b. Nawfal would pass by Bilāl while he was being tortured and saying: One, One. And Waraqah would say: One, One, by Allah, O Bilāl. Then he would turn to Umayyah b. Khalaf and those of Banū Jumaḥ who did that to him and say: I swear by Allah, if you kill him, I will surely make him a place of refuge. Then Abū Bakr al-Ṣiddīq ؓ passed by while they were doing that to him. Abū Bakr's house was among Banū Jumaḥ. Abū Bakr said to Umayyah: Will you not fear Allah regarding this poor man? How long will you torture him? He said: You corrupted him, so save him from what you see. Abū Bakr said: I will. I have a black slave, stronger than him and more steadfast in your religion; I will give him to you in exchange. He said: I accept. He said: He is yours. So Abū Bakr gave him that slave of his and took Bilāl and freed him. Al-Balādhurī narrated with a sound chain from Muḥammad b. Sīrīn, who said: When Bilāl accepted Islam, his family seized him, bound him, and threw him on the smooth pebbles, saying: Your Lord is al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā. He would say: One, One. Then Abū Bakr ؓ came upon him and said: Why are you torturing this man? So he bought him for seven ounces and freed him. That was mentioned to the Prophet ﷺ, that he had bought him. He said: Partnership, O Abū Bakr. He said: I have already freed him, O Messenger of Allah. Al-Balādhurī narrated with a good chain from Ismāʿīl b. Abī Khālid from Qays, who said: Abū Bakr bought Bilāl for five ounces. Among them was Khabbāb b. al-Aratt — with a doubled tāʾ. Al-Balādhurī said: They said al-Aratt was from al-Sawād. A group from Rabīʿah raided the area where he was, took him captive, brought him to the Ḥijāz, and sold him. He came into the possession of Sibāʿ b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā al-Khuzāʿī, the ally of Banū Zuhrah. Abū al-Yaqẓān claimed that Khabbāb was a maternal brother of Sibāʿ. Al-Balādhurī said: Khabbāb, according to his children, was the son of al-Aratt b. Jandalah b. Saʿd b. Khuzaymah, from Banū Saʿd b. Zayd Manāt b. Tamīm. He had been taken captive and came to Umm Anmār, his mistress, who freed him. He had a speech defect and stammered when speaking Arabic, so he was called al-Aratt. Al-Balādhurī narrated from Kurdūs that Khabbāb was the sixth of six to accept Islam. Al-Balādhurī narrated from al-Shaʿbī, who said: They gave them what they wanted when they were tortured, except Khabbāb b. al-Aratt. They made his back stick to the ground on heated stones until the flesh of his back melted away. Al-Balādhurī narrated from al-Shaʿbī, and through another chain from Abū Laylā al-Kindī, who said: Khabbāb came to ʿUmar ؓ, and ʿUmar said to him: Come close, come close. He seated him on his cushion and said: No one is more entitled to this seat than you except one man. He said: Who is he, O Commander of the Faithful? He said: Bilāl — and in al-Shaʿbī's version: ʿAmmār b. Yāsir; he said: He is no more entitled than I. Bilāl had among the polytheists someone through whom Allah protected him, but I had no one. I saw myself one day when they had lit a fire for me, then threw me into it, then a man placed his foot on my chest, so I could not meet the ground except with my back. Then Khabbāb uncovered his back, and it had become leprous. Al-Balādhurī narrated from Abū Ṣāliḥ, who said: Khabbāb was a blacksmith and had accepted Islam. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to be fond of him and visit him. His mistress was told of that, so she would take an iron that she had heated and place it on his head. He complained of that to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, who said: O Allah, help Khabbāb. Then his mistress, Umm Anmār, suffered a headache and would howl like the dogs. She was told: Cauterize yourself. So Khabbāb would take the heated iron and cauterize her head with it. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī said: The one who tortured Khabbāb when he accepted Islam and kept close to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was ʿUtbah b. Abī Waqqāṣ. It was also said, and this is the more reliable, that it was al-Aswad b. ʿAbd Yaghūth. Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī, and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Khabbāb ؓ, who said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ while he was using his cloak as a pillow in the shade of the Kaʿbah. We had met with severe hardship from the polytheists, so I said: O Messenger of Allah, will you not pray to Allah for us? He sat up with his face reddened and said: Among those before you, a man would be combed with iron combs down to his bones, flesh and sinews, and that would not turn him away from his religion. A saw would be placed on the parting of a man's head and he would be split in two, and that would not turn him away from his religion. And Allah will surely complete this matter until a rider travels from Ṣanʿāʾ to Ḥaḍramawt fearing none but Allah, and the wolf for his sheep. Among them was Ṣuhayb b. Sinān al-Rūmī. Ibn Saʿd narrated from ʿUrwah, who said: Ṣuhayb was among the weak believers who were tortured for the sake of Allah. Among them was ʿĀmir b. Fuhayrah. Al-Balādhurī said: They said ʿĀmir was among the weak, and he was tortured in Makkah to make him abandon his religion, until Abū Bakr bought him and freed him. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī — with a ḍammah on the qāf and a kasrah on the dotted ẓāʾ — who said: ʿĀmir b. Fuhayrah was tortured until he did not know what he was saying. Among them was Abū Fukayhah, whose name was Aflaḥ, and it is also said Yasār. He was a slave of Ṣafwān b. Umayyah. He accepted Islam when Bilāl did. Abū Bakr ؓ passed by him when Umayyah b. Khalaf had seized him, tied a rope to his leg, and ordered him to be dragged, then threw him on the scorching sand. A dung beetle passed by him, and he said: Is this not your Lord? He said: Allah is my Lord; He created me, and created you, and created this dung beetle. So he became enraged with him and began to choke him, while his brother Ubayy b. Khalaf was with him, saying: Increase his torment until Muḥammad comes and delivers him by his magic. Then he brought him out at midday in the intense heat, shackled, to the scorching sand, placed a rock on his belly, and his tongue lolled out. He remained in that state until they thought he had died, then he revived. Abū Bakr ؓ passed by him, bought him, and freed him. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: Abū Fukayhah was tortured until he did not know what he was saying. Among them were ʿAmmār b. Yāsir, his father, his mother Sumayyah, and his brother ʿAbd Allāh ؓ. Al-Balādhurī and al-Bayhaqī narrated from Mujāhid, who said: The first to openly profess Islam were Abū Bakr, Bilāl, Khabbāb, Ṣuhayb, and ʿAmmār. As for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, Allah protected him through his uncle. As for Abū Bakr, his people protected him. As for the others, they were clad in iron armor and roasted in the sun until extreme hardship befell them. Abū Jahl came to Sumayyah and stabbed her in her heart, and she was the first female martyr in Islam. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Muḥammad b. Kaʿb al-Quraẓī, who said: Someone who saw ʿAmmār b. Yāsir stripped to his trousers informed me. He said: I looked at his back and there were marks on it. I said: What is this? He said: This is what Quraysh did to me while torturing me in the scorching heat of Makkah. Al-Balādhurī also narrated from him, saying: ʿAmmār was tortured until he did not know what he was saying. Al-Balādhurī narrated from Umm Hāniʾ ؓ that ʿAmmār b. Yāsir, his father Yāsir, his brother ʿAbd Allāh b. Yāsir, and Sumayyah, the mother of ʿAmmār, were tortured for the sake of Allah. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ passed by them and said: Patience, O family of Yāsir, for your appointment is Paradise. Yāsir died under torture, Sumayyah spoke harshly to Abū Jahl, so he stabbed her in her heart and she died, and ʿAbd Allāh was thrown and fell. Among them was the slave girl of Banū al-Muʾammal b. Ḥabīb. Al-Balādhurī said: She was, as mentioned by Abū al-Bakhtarī, called Labībah. She accepted Islam before ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb did. ʿUmar would torture her until he grew tired and left her, then said: Indeed, I apologize to you; I did not leave you except out of weariness. She would say: Thus will your Lord torture you if you do not accept Islam. Ibn Saʿd narrated from Ḥassān, who said: I came to Makkah for ʿumrah while the Prophet ﷺ and his companions were being harmed and tortured. I stopped at ʿUmar while he was wearing a waist wrapper and choking the slave girl of Banū ʿAmr b. al-Muʾammal until she went limp in his hands, and I thought she had died. Then Abū Bakr bought her and freed her. Among them was Zinnīrah — with a zāy, then a doubled nūn with a kasrah, then a tāʾ with two dots below; in the language it means a small pebble, and it is also narrated as Zanbarah, with a fatḥah on the zāy, a silent nūn, and a bāʾ with one dot below — the Byzantine woman. ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb and Abū Jahl used to torture her. Al-Balādhurī said: They said Abū Jahl would say: Do you not marvel at these people and their following Muḥammad? If what Muḥammad brought were good and true, they would not have preceded us to it. Has Zinnīrah, whom you see, preceded us to guidance? Zinnīrah had been tortured until she went blind. Abū Jahl said to her: al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā did to you what you see. She said, while she could not see: What do al-Lāt and al-ʿUzzā know of who worships them? But this is a matter from heaven, and my Lord is able to restore my sight. That night she awoke and Allah had restored her sight. Quraysh said: This is from Muḥammad's magic. So Abū Bakr ؓ bought her and freed her. Among them was Umm ʿUnays — with an unpointed ʿayn with a ḍammah, then a nūn, then a tāʾ with two dots below, then an unpointed sīn; and it is also said ʿUbays, with a bāʾ with one dot below, then a tāʾ with two dots below. She was a slave woman of Banū Zuhrah. Al-Aswad b. ʿAbd Yaghūth used to torture her. Abū Bakr bought her. Among them were al-Nahdiyyah and her daughter. She was a muwalladah of Banū Nahd b. Zayd, and she came into the possession of a woman of Banū ʿAbd al-Dār, who used to torture them both and say: By Allah, I will not cease from you until one of those who have turned to your religion frees you. Abū Bakr ؓ passed by them when she had sent them to grind flour for her, and she was saying: By Allah, I will never free you. He said: Release them, O mother of so-and-so. She said: You release them; by Allah, you corrupted them, so free them. He said: For how much are they? She said: For such and such. He said: I have taken them for that, and they are both free. Return her flour to her. They said: Or shall we finish it, O Abū Bakr, then return it to her? He said: Or that, if you wish. Among them was Umm Bilāl, Ḥamāmah. Abū ʿUmar mentioned her in al-Durar among those who were tortured for the sake of Allah, and Abū Bakr bought her and freed her. Abū ʿUmar omitted her from al-Istīʿāb, and they added her as a supplement to al-Istīʿāb. The outcome of what has preceded is that Abū Bakr ؓ bought a group of those who were tortured for the sake of Allah Almighty: Bilāl and his mother, ʿĀmir b. Fuhayrah, Abū Fukayhah, the slave girl of Banū al-Muʾammal, al-Nahdiyyah and her daughter, and Zinnīrah. Al-Ḥākim narrated and deemed it sound from ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Zubayr, who said: Abū Quḥāfah said to Abū Bakr ؓ: O my son, I see you freeing weak slaves. If only you had done what you did to free strong men who would protect you and stand up for you. Abū Bakr ؓ said: O father, I only desire what I desire for Allah, Mighty and Majestic. Then Allah Almighty sent down: "As for him who gives and fears Allah, and believes in the best reward" [al-Layl 5] to the end of the sūrah. ʿAmmār b. Yāsir ؓ said, mentioning Bilāl and his companions whom Abū Bakr freed from the affliction they were in, and Abū Bakr's name was ʿAtīq: May Allah reward ʿAtīq well on behalf of Bilāl and his companions, and disgrace Fākih and Abū Jahl, at the evening when both of them resolved [to act] against Bilāl and his companions. They did not fear what the man of reason fears; [I endured] for his declaration of the oneness of the Lord of creation and his saying: 'I bear witness that Allah is my Lord, with deliberation.' If you kill me, you kill me, and I am not one to associate partners with the Most Merciful from fear of being killed. So O Lord of Abraham and the servant Jonah, and Moses and Jesus, deliver me, then do not let [me] be blamed by one who persists in loving might from the family of Ghālib without any right from him or justice.

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