Tarikh (al-Tabari) 816
The Night Journey and the Ascension
ذِكْرُ الْأَنْهَارِ وَالْعُيُونِ أَخْبَرَنَا هِبَةُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الشَّيْبَانِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ التَّمِيمِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا عَفَّانُ، وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَوَّلِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا الدَّرَاوَرْدِيُّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَعْيَنَ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْبُخَارِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا هُدْبَةُ، قَالَا: حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّ مَالِكَ بْنَ صَعْصَعَةَ حَدَّثَهُ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ بِحَدِيثِ الْمِعْرَاجِ، قَالَ: "ثُمَّ رُفِعْتُ إِلَى سِدْرَةِ الْمُنْتَهَى وَإِذَا أَرْبَعَةُ أَنْهَارٍ نَهْرَانِ بَاطِنَانِ وَنَهْرَانِ ظَاهِرَانِ، فَقُلْتُ: مَا هَذَا يَا جِبْرِيلُ ؟ قَالَ: أَمَّا الْبَاطِنَانِ فَنَهْرَانِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَأَمَّا الظَّاهِرَانِ فَالنِّيلُ وَالْفُرَاتُ". أَخْرَجَاهُ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَزَّازُ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّلْتِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَخْلَدٍ، قَالَ: قَرَأْتُ عَلَى الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ الْيَزِيدِ، قُلْتُ لَهُ: حَدَّثَكُمْ مَرْوَانُ بْنُ مُعَاوِيَةَ، عَنْ إِدْرِيسَ الْأَوْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنِ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: "نَهْرَانِ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ النِّيلُ وَالْفُرَاتُ " . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْفَتْحِ ابْنُ أَبِي الْفَوَارِسِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا يَزِيدُ بْنُ هَارُونَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: "فُجِّرَتْ أَرْبَعَةُ أَنْهَارٍ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ: النِّيلُ، وَالْفُرَاتُ، وَسَيْحَانُ وَجَيْحَانُ". وَفِي حَدِيثِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "يَنْزِلُ فِي الْفُرَاتِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَثَاقِيلُ مِنْ بَرَكَةِ الْجَنَّةِ" . وَرَوَى أَبُو عُمَيْسٍ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ، قَالَ: مَدَّ الْفُرَاتُ فَجَاءَ بِرِهَانُهُ مِثْلَ الْبَصِيرِ وَكَانُوا يَتَحَدَّثُونَ أَنَّهَا مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرِ بْنُ ثَابِتٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْوَاعِظُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِدْرِيسَ الشَّعْرَانِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الْأَنْصَارِيُّ، عَنْ إِسْمَاعِيلَ بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْمَدَنِيِّ، عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ: أَوْصَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى دَانْيَالَ أَنِ احْفِرْ لِي سَيْبَيْنِ نَهْرَيْنِ بِالْعِرَاقِ، قَالَ دَانْيَالُ: إِلَهِي بِأَيِّ مَكَاتِلَ وَبِأَيِّ مِسَاحِيَ، وَبِأَيِّ رِجَالٍ وَبِأَيِّ قُوَّةٍ أَحْفِرُ لَكَ هَذَيْنِ النَّهْرَيْنِ، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَيْهِ أَنْ أَعِدَّ سَكَّةً مِنْ حَدِيدٍ وَاجْعَلْهَا فِي خَشَبَةٍ وَأَلْقِهَا خَلْفَ ظَهْرِكَ فَإِنِّي بَاعِثٌ إِلَيْكَ الْمَلَائِكَةَ يُعِينُونَكَ عَلَى حَفْرِ هَذَيْنِ السَّيْبَيْنِ. فَحَفَرَ، وَكَانَ إِذَا انْتَهَى إِلَى أَرْضِ أَرْمَلَةٍ أَوْ يَتِيمٍ حَادَ عَنْهَا حَتَّى حَفْرَ دِجْلَةَ وَالْفُرَاتَ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَعْقُوبَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ بْنِ خَلَّادٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا الْحَارِثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ شُرَحْبِيلَ، عَنْ لَيْثٍ، عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ أَبِي حَبِيبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي الْخَيْرِ، قَالَ: قَالَ كَعْبٌ: نَهْرُ النِّيلِ نَهْرُ الْعَسَلِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَنَهْرُ دِجْلَةَ نَهْرُ اللَّبَنِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَنَهْرُ الْفُرَاتِ نَهْرُ الْخَمْرِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، وَنَهْرُ سَيْحَانَ نَهْرُ الْمَاءِ فِي الْجَنَّةِ، قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ: نُورُهُنَّ لِيُصَيِّرُهُنَّ إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَلِيِّ بْنُ شَاذَانَ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشَّافِعِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ السُّلَمِيُّ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ سَابِقٍ، قَالَ: حَدَّثَنِي سَلَمَةُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ، عَنْ مُقَابِلِ بْنِ حِبَّانَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: " أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ خَمْسَةَ أَنْهَارٍ : سَيْحُونَ وَهُوَ نَهْرُ الْهِنْدِ، وَجَيْحُونَ وَهُوَ نَهْرُ بَلْخٍ، وَدِجْلَةَ وَالْفُرَاتَ وَهُمَا نَهْرَا الْعِرَاقِ، وَالنِّيلُ، وَهُوَ نَهْرُ مِصْرَ. أَنْزَلَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى مِنْ غَيْرِ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْ عُيُونِ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ أَسْفَلِ دَرَجَةٍ مِنْ دَرَجَاتِهَا عَلَى جَنَاحَيْ جِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ فَاسْتَوْدَعَهَا الْجِبَالَ وَأَجْرَاهَا فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا مَنَافِعَ لِلنَّاسِ فِي أَصْنَافِ مَعَايِشِهِمْ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَأَنْزَلْنَا مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً بِقَدَرٍ فَأَسْكَنَّاهُ فِي الأَرْضِ. فَإِذَا كَانَ عِنْدَ خُرُوجِ يَأْجُوجَ وَمَأْجُوجَ أَرْسَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى جِبْرِيلَ فَرَفَعَ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ الْقُرْآنَ وَالْعِلْمَ كُلَّهُ وَالْحَجَرَ مِنْ رُكْنِ الْبَيْتِ وَمَقَامَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَتَابُوتَ مُوسَى بِمَا فِيهِ. وَهَذِهِ الْأَنْهَارَ الْخَمْسَةَ، فَرَفَعَ كُلَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى السَّمَاءَ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَإِنَّا عَلَى ذَهَابٍ بِهِ لَقَادِرُونَ . فَإِذَا رُفِعَتْ هَذِهِ الْأَشْيَاءُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فُقِدَ خَيْرُ الدِّينِ وَالدُّنْيَا، فَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي حَدِيثٍ آَخَرَ: "نَهْرَانِ مُؤْمِنَانِ وَنَهْرَانِ كَافِرَانِ، فَأَمَّا الْمُؤْمِنَانِ فَالنِّيلُ وَالْفُرَاتُ، وَأَمَّا الْكَافِرَانُ فَدِجْلَةُ وَنَهْرُ بَلْخٍ ". قَالَ ابْنُ قُتَيْبَةَ: قَالَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى وَجْهِ التَّشْبِيهِ لِأَنَّ النِّيلَ وَالْفُرَاتَ يُعْرَضَانِ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ وَيَسْقِيَانِ بِلَا تَعَبٍ وَلَا مَئُونَةٍ، وَدِجْلَةُ وَنَهْرُ بِلْخٍ لَا يَسْقِيَانِ إِلَّا قَلِيلًا بِتَعَبٍ وَمَئُونَةٍ، فَهَذَانِ فِي قِلَّةِ النَّفْعِ كَالْكَافِرِينَ، وَهَذَانَ فِي كَثْرَةِ النَّفْعِ كَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the rivers and springs Hibat Allāh b. Muḥammad al-Shaybānī informed us, saying: Al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-Tamīmī informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. Jaʿfar informed us, saying: ʿAbd Allāh b. Aḥmad narrated to us, saying: My father narrated to me, saying: ʿAffān narrated to us, and ʿAbd al-Awwal b. Aḥmad informed us, saying: Al-Darāwardī informed us, saying: Ibn Aʿyan informed us, saying: Al-Bukhārī narrated to us, saying: Hudbah narrated to us. Both said: Hammām narrated to us, from Qatādah, from Anas b. Mālik, that Mālik b. Ṣaʿṣaʿah narrated to him, from the Prophet ﷺ the ḥadīth of the Miʿrāj. He said: "Then I was raised to the Lote Tree of the Utmost Boundary, and there were four rivers: two hidden rivers and two visible rivers. I said: 'What are these, O Jibrīl?' He said: 'As for the two hidden ones, they are two rivers in Paradise. As for the two visible ones, they are the Nile and the Euphrates.'" Both of them (al-Bukhārī and Muslim) included it in the two Ṣaḥīḥs. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad al-Qazzāz informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. ʿAlī b. Thābit informed us, saying: Abū al-Ḥasan Aḥmad b. Muḥammad b. al-Ṣalt informed us, saying: Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad b. Makhlad informed us, saying: I read to al-ʿAbbās b. al-Yazīd. I said to him: Marwān b. Muʿāwiyah narrated to you, from Idrīs al-Awdī, from his father, from Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Two rivers from Paradise: the Nile and the Euphrates." ʿAbd al-Raḥmān informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. ʿAlī informed us, saying: Abū al-Fatḥ b. Abī al-Fawāris informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. Yūsuf b. Khallād informed us, saying: Al-Ḥārith b. Muḥammad narrated to us, saying: Yazīd b. Hārūn narrated to us, saying: Muḥammad b. ʿAmr informed us, from Abū Salamah, from Abū Hurayrah, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Four rivers were made to flow from Paradise: the Nile, the Euphrates, Sayḥān, and Jayḥān." And in the ḥadīth of Ibn Masʿūd, from the Prophet ﷺ, that he said: "Mithqāls of the blessings of Paradise descend into the Euphrates every day." And Abū ʿUmays narrated, from al-Qāsim, who said: The Euphrates rose and brought its waters like the Baṣīr, and they used to say that they were from Paradise. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad informed us, saying: Abū Bakr b. Thābit informed us, saying: Abū al-Ḥusayn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Wāʿiẓ informed us, saying: Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad al-Ṣaffār narrated to us, saying: Abū Bakr Muḥammad b. Idrīs al-Shaʿrānī narrated to me, saying: Mūsā b. Ibrāhīm al-Anṣārī narrated to us, from Ismāʿīl b. Jaʿfar al-Madanī, from ʿUthmān b. ʿAṭāʾ, from his father, who said: Allāh, the Exalted, commanded Dānyāl: 'Dig for Me two streams, two rivers in Iraq.' Dānyāl said: 'My God, with what baskets, with what spades, with what men, and with what strength shall I dig these two rivers for You?' So Allāh revealed to him: 'Prepare a blade of iron, fix it in a piece of wood, and throw it behind your back, for I will send angels to you to help you dig these two streams.' So he dug, and whenever he came upon the land of a widow or an orphan, he turned aside from it, until he had dug the Tigris and the Euphrates. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. ʿAlī informed us, saying: ʿAlī b. Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Yaʿqūb informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. Yūsuf b. Khallād informed us, saying: Al-Ḥārith b. Muḥammad narrated to us, saying: Saʿīd b. Shuraḥbīl narrated to us, from Layth, from Yazīd b. Abī Ḥabīb, from Abū al-Khayr, who said: Kaʿb said: The Nile is the river of honey in Paradise, the Tigris is the river of milk in Paradise, the Euphrates is the river of wine in Paradise, and the Sayḥān is the river of water in Paradise. He said: Allāh said: 'Their light is to bring them back to Paradise.' ʿAbd al-Raḥmān informed us, saying: Aḥmad b. ʿAlī informed us, saying: Abū ʿAlī b. Shādhān informed us, saying: Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Ibrāhīm al-Shāfiʿī informed us, saying: Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-Sulamī narrated to us, saying: Saʿīd b. Sābiq narrated to us, saying: Salamah b. ʿAlī narrated to me, from Muqābil b. Ḥibbān, from ʿIkrimah, from Ibn ʿAbbās, from the Prophet ﷺ, who said: "Allāh sent down from Paradise to the earth five rivers: Sayḥūn, which is the river of India; Jayḥūn, which is the river of Balkh; the Tigris and the Euphrates, which are the two rivers of Iraq; and the Nile, which is the river of Egypt. Allāh, the Exalted, sent them down from one of the springs of Paradise, from the lowest of its levels, on the two wings of Jibrīl ﷺ. He entrusted them to the mountains and made them flow in the earth, and placed in them benefits for people in the various kinds of their livelihoods. That is His saying, the Exalted: 'And We sent down water from the sky in due measure and caused it to settle in the earth.' When the coming forth of Gog and Magog is at hand, Allāh, the Exalted, will send Jibrīl, and he will raise from the earth the Qurʾān, all knowledge, the stone of the corner of the House, the Station of Ibrāhīm, the Ark of Mūsā with what is in it, and these five rivers, and he will lift all that to heaven. That is His saying, the Exalted: 'And indeed We are able to take it away.' When these things are raised from the earth, the good of religion and the world is lost. It has come in another ḥadīth: "Two rivers are believers and two rivers are disbelievers. As for the two believers, they are the Nile and the Euphrates. As for the two disbelievers, they are the Tigris and the river of Balkh." Ibn Qutaybah said: He said that by way of comparison, because the Nile and the Euphrates spread over the land and irrigate without toil or expense, while the Tigris and the river of Balkh irrigate only a little with toil and expense. Thus these two, in the scarcity of benefit, are like disbelievers, and those two, in abundance of benefit, are like believers.
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