Tarikh (al-Tabari) 761
The emigration to Abyssinia and what occurred therein
كَانَ مَنْ دَخَلَ من مهاجرة الحبشة بِجِوَارٍ فِيمَنْ سُمِّيَ لَنَا: عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونِ بْنِ حَبِيبٍ الْجُمَحِيُّ دَخَلَ بِجِوَارِ مِنْ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، وَأَبُو سَلَمَةَ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ، دَخَلَ بِجِوَارٍ مِنْ أَبِي طَالِبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَكَانَ خَالَهُ. وَأُمُّ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ: بَرَّةُ بِنْتُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ. قِصَّةُ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ مَظْعُونٍ فِي رَدِّ جِوَارِ الْوَلِيدِ [ تَأَلُّمُهُ لِمَا يُصِيبُ إِخْوَانَهُ فِي اللَّهِ وَمَا حَدَثَ لَهُ فِي مَجْلِسِ لَبِيدَ ] قَالَ ابْنُ إسْحَاقَ: فَأَمَّا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ فَإِنَّ صَالِحَ بْنَ إبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ حَدَّثَنِي عَمَّنْ حَدَّثَهُ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا رَأَى عُثْمَانُ بْنُ مَظْعُونٍ مَا فِيهِ أَصْحَابُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ الْبَلَاءِ، وَهُوَ يَغْدُو وَيَرُوحُ فِي أَمَانٍ مِنْ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، قَالَ: وَاَللَّهِ إنَّ غُدُوِّي وَرَوَاحِي آمِنًا بِجِوَارِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الشِّرْكِ، وَأَصْحَابِي وَأَهْلُ دِينِي يَلْقَوْنَ مِنْ الْبَلَاءِ وَالْأَذَى فِي اللَّهِ مَا لَا يُصِيبُنِي، لَنَقْصٌ كَبِيرٌ فِي نَفْسِي فَمَشَى إلَى الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ، فَقَالَ لَهُ: يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، وَفَّتْ ذِمَّتُكَ، قَدْ رَدَدْتُ إلَيْكَ جِوَارَكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ: ( لِمَ ) يَا ابْنَ أَخِي ؟ لَعَلَّهُ آذَاكَ أَحَدٌ مِنْ قَوْمِي، قَالَ: لَا، وَلَكِنِّي أَرْضَى بِجِوَارِ اللَّهِ، وَلَا أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَسْتَجِيرَ بِغَيْرِهِ ؟ قَالَ: فَانْطَلِقْ إلَى الْمَسْجِدِ، فَارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ جِوَارِي عَلَانِيَةً كَمَا أَجَرْتُكَ عَلَانِيَةً. قَالَ: فَانْطَلَقَا فَخَرَجَا حَتَّى أَتَيَا الْمَسْجِدَ، فَقَالَ الْوَلِيدُ: هَذَا عُثْمَانُ قَدْ جَاءَ يَرُدُّ عَلَيَّ جِوَارِي، قَالَ: صَدَقَ، قَدْ وَجَدْتُهُ وَفِيًّا كَرِيمَ الْجِوَارِ، وَلَكِنِّي قَدْ أَحْبَبْتُ أَنْ لَا أَسْتَجِيرَ بِغَيْرِ اللَّهِ، فَقَدْ رَدَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ جِوَارَهُ؛ ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَ عُثْمَانُ، وَلَبِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ بْنِ مَالِكِ بْنِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ كِلَابٍ فِي مَجْلِسٍ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُنْشِدُهُمْ، فَجَلَسَ مَعَهُمْ عُثْمَانُ فَقَالَ لَبِيدٌ: أَلَا كُلُّ شَيْءٍ مَا خَلَا اللَّهَ بَاطِلُ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: صَدَقْتَ. قَالَ ( لَبِيدٌ ) : وَكُلُّ نَعِيمٍ لَا مَحَالَةَ زَائِلُ قَالَ عُثْمَانُ: كَذَبْتَ، نَعِيمُ الْجَنَّةِ لَا يَزُولُ. قَالَ لَبِيدُ بْنُ رَبِيعَةَ: يَا مَعْشَرَ قُرَيْشٍ، وَاَللَّهِ مَا كَانَ يُؤْذَى جَلِيسُكُمْ، فَمَتَى حَدَثَ هَذَا فِيكُمْ ؟ فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ الْقَوْمِ: إنَّ هَذَا سَفِيهٌ فِي سُفَهَاءَ مَعَهُ، قَدْ فَارَقُوا دِينَنَا، فَلَا تَجِدَنَّ فِي نَفْسِكَ مِنْ قَوْلِهِ، فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ عُثْمَانُ حَتَّى شَرِيَ أَمْرُهُمَا، فَقَامَ إلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ الرَّجُلُ فَلَطَمَ عَيْنَهُ فَخَضَّرَهَا وَالْوَلِيدُ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ قَرِيبٌ يَرَى مَا بَلَغَ مِنْ عُثْمَانَ، فَقَالَ: أَمَا وَاَللَّهِ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي إنْ كَانَتْ عَيْنُكَ عَمَّا أَصَابَهَا لَغَنِيَّةٌ، لَقَدْ كُنْتَ فِي ذِمَّةٍ مَنِيعَةٍ. قَالَ: يَقُولُ عُثْمَانُ: بَلْ وَاَللَّهِ إنَّ عَيْنِي الصَّحِيحَةَ لَفَقِيرَةٌ إلَى مِثْلِ مَا أَصَابَ أُخْتَهَا فِي اللَّهِ، وَإِنِّي لَفِي جِوَارِ مَنْ هُوَ أَعَزُّ مِنْكَ وَأَقْدَرُ يَا أَبَا عَبْدِ شَمْسٍ، فَقَالَ لَهُ الْوَلِيدُ: هَلُمَّ يَا ابْنَ أَخِي، إنْ شِئْتَ فَعُدْ إلَى جِوَارِكَ فَقَالَ: لَا. فَقَامَ سَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَّاصٍ إِلَى الَّذِي لَطَمَ عَيْنَ عُثْمَانَ فَكَسَرَ أَنْفَهُ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ دَمٍ أُرِيقَ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فِي قَوْلٍ.
Translation
✧ Those of the emigrants to Abyssinia who entered under protection, among those named to us: ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn b. Ḥabīb al-Jumaḥī entered under the protection of al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah, and Abū Salamah b. ʿAbd al-Asad b. Hilāl b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm entered under the protection of Abū Ṭālib b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, who was his maternal uncle. The mother of Abū Salamah was Barrah bt. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib. The story of ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn in returning al-Walīd's protection. [His distress at what befell his brothers in God and what happened to him in the assembly of Labīd] Ibn Isḥāq said: As for ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn, Ṣāliḥ b. Ibrāhīm b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAwf narrated to me from someone who narrated to him from ʿUthmān, who said: When ʿUthmān b. Maẓʿūn saw the affliction in which the companions of the Messenger of God ﷺ were, while he went out in the morning and returned in the evening under the protection of al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah, he said: By God, my going out in the morning and returning in the evening safe under the protection of a man from the people of polytheism, while my companions and the people of my religion meet affliction and harm in God that does not reach me, is indeed a great deficiency in myself. So he walked to al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah and said to him: O Abū ʿAbd Shams, your protection has been fulfilled; I have returned your protection to you. He said to him: Why, son of my brother? Perhaps someone from my people harmed you? He said: No, but I am content with the protection of God, and I do not wish to seek protection from other than Him. He said: Then go to the mosque and return my protection to me publicly, just as I granted you protection publicly. He said: So they went and came out until they reached the mosque. Al-Walīd said: This is ʿUthmān; he has come to return my protection to me. He said: He has spoken truthfully; I found him faithful and generous in protection, but I have chosen not to seek protection from other than God, so I have returned his protection to him. Then ʿUthmān departed, while Labīd b. Rabīʿah b. Mālik b. Jaʿfar b. Kilāb was in an assembly of Quraysh reciting poetry to them. ʿUthmān sat with them, and Labīd said: Verily, everything other than God is false. ʿUthmān said: You have spoken truthfully. He (Labīd) said: And every pleasure will inevitably cease. ʿUthmān said: You have lied; the pleasure of Paradise does not cease. Labīd b. Rabīʿah said: O assembly of Quraysh, by God, your sitting companion was not harmed before; so when did this occur among you? A man from the people said: This one is a fool among fools with him; they have abandoned our religion, so do not let your soul be troubled by his words. ʿUthmān replied to him until their matter became heated. Then that man stood up to him and slapped his eye, bruising it, while al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah was nearby seeing what had befallen ʿUthmān. He said: By God, son of my brother, if your eye was indifferent to what struck it, you were in a strong protection. He said: ʿUthmān says: Nay, by God, my healthy eye is indeed in need of the like of what struck its sister for the sake of God, and I am in the protection of One who is mightier and more powerful than you, O Abū ʿAbd Shams. Al-Walīd said to him: Come, son of my brother, if you wish, return to your protection. He said: No. Then Saʿd b. Abī Waqqāṣ stood up to the one who slapped ʿUthmān's eye and broke his nose. This was the first blood shed in Islam, according to one saying.
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