Tarikh (al-Tabari) 73
The story of Idris (peace be upon him)
كَانَ إدريس أَوَّلَ بَنِي آدَمَ أَعْطِيَ النُّبُوَّةَ بَعْدَ آدَمَ وَشِيثَ عَلَيْهِمَا السَّلَامُ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ خَطَّ بِالْقَلَمِ ، وَقَطَعَ الثِّيَابَ وَخَاطَهَا وَقَدْ قَالَ طَائِفَةٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ: إِنَّهُ الْمُشَارُ إِلَيْهِ فِي حَدِيثِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ الْحَكَمِ السُّلَمِيِّ لَمَّا سَأَلَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْخَطِّ بِالرَّمْلِ فَقَالَ: إِنَّهُ كَانَ نَبِيٌّ يَخُطُّ بِهِ فَمَنْ وَافَقَ خَطَّهُ فَذَاكَ. وَيَزْعُمُ كَثِيرٌ مِنْ عُلَمَاءِ التَّسْيِيرِ وَالْأَحْكَامِ: أَنَّهُ أَوَّلُ مَنْ تَكَلَّمَ فِي ذَلِكَ، وَيُسَمُّونَهُ هَرْمَسَ الْهَرَامِسَةِ، وَيَكْذِبُونَ عَلَيْهِ أَشْيَاءَ كَثِيرَةً، كَمَا كَذَبُوا عَلَى غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْعُلَمَاءِ وَالْحُكَمَاءِ وَالْأَوْلِيَاءِ. وَزَعَمَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ أَنَّ إِدْرِيسَ أَوَّلُ نَبِيٍّ أُعْطِيَ النُّبُوَّةَ . وَقَدْ رَوَى أَبُو ذَرٍّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، أَنَّهُ قَالَ: "أَرْبَعٌ مِنَ الرُّسُلِ سِرْيَانِيُّونَ: آَدَمُ، وَشِيثٌ، وَأَخْنُوخُ وَهُوَ إِدْرِيسُ، وَنُوحٌ". وَقَالَ عُلَمَاءُ السِّيَرِ: نَبَّأَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِدْرِيسَ فِي حَيَاةِ آدَمَ، وَقَدْ مَضَى مِنْ عُمْرِ آدَمَ سِتُّمِائَةٍ وَاثْنَتَانِ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنَةً، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُونَ صَحِيفَةً فَدَعَا قَوْمَهُ وَوَعَظَهُمْ وَأَمَرَهُمْ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَمُخَالَفَةِ الشَّيْطَانِ، وَأَنْ لَا يُلَامِسُوا أَوْلَادَ قَابِيلَ، فَخَالَفُوا، فَجَاهَدَهُمْ وَسَبَى مِنْهُمْ وَاسْتَرَقَّ.
Translation
✧ Idrīs was the first of the children of Ādam to be given prophethood after Ādam and Shīth (peace be upon them). Ibn Isḥāq mentioned that he was the first to write with the pen, and to cut and sew garments. A group of people said that he is the one referred to in the ḥadīth of Muʿāwiyah b. al-Ḥakam al-Sulamī when he asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ about divination by drawing lines in the sand, and he said: “There was a prophet who drew lines; whoever’s drawing agrees with his, then that is it.” Many scholars of astronomy and judicial astrology claim that he was the first to speak about that, and they call him Hermes of the Hermeses, and they fabricate against him many things, just as they fabricated against other prophets, scholars, sages, and saints. Ibn Isḥāq claimed that Idrīs was the first prophet to be given prophethood. Abū Dharr narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: “Four of the messengers were Syriac: Ādam, Shīth, Akhnūkh—who is Idrīs—and Nūḥ.” The scholars of biography said: Allah Almighty made Idrīs a prophet during the lifetime of Ādam, when six hundred and twenty-two years of Ādam’s life had passed. He revealed to him thirty scrolls. He called his people, admonished them, commanded them to obey Allah and to oppose Satan, and not to have contact with the children of Qābīl. But they disobeyed, so he fought against them, took captives from among them, and enslaved them.
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