Tarikh (al-Tabari) 720
The Prophet's ﷺ open proclamation to his people and their response
مُبَادَاةُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمَهُ وَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ: لَقَدْ بَدَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِالصَّدْعِ بِأَمْرِ اللَّهِ وَعَيْبِ آلِهَةِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ وَإِظْهَارِ مَا هُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ بَاطِلٍ فَبَدَأَ عَدَاؤُهُمْ لَهُ، إِلَّا أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَا يَكَلُّ وَلَا يَمَلُّ عَنْ دَعْوَةِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَتَسْفِيهِ أَصْنَامِ الشِّرْكِ وَطَوَاغِيتِهَا وَلَا يَسْتَجِيبُ لِأَشْرَافِ قَوْمِهِ مِنْ طَلَبِهِمْ الِامْتِنَاعَ عَنْ سَبِّ آلِهَتِهِمْ مَشَوْا إِلَى عَمِّهِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ حَتَّى يَمْنَعَهُ إِلَّا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ لَمْ يَمْتَنِعْ وَعَزَمَ عَلَى الْمُضِيِّ فِي دَعْوَتِهِ حَتَّى وَلَوْ كَلَّفَهُ ذَلِكَ نَفْسَهُ ﷺ، وَقَدْ حَدَبَ عَلَيْهِ عَمُّهُ وَقَدْ حَاوَلَ الْقَوْمُ مِرَارًا أَنْ يُثْنُوا أَبَا طَالِبٍ عَنِ الدِّفَاعِ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَّا أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مُحَاوَلَاتِهِمْ بَاءَتْ بِالْفَشَلِ فَمَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ إِلَّا أَنْ تَعَاهَدُوا وَتَعَاقَدُوا عَلَى تَعْذِيبِ كُلِّ مَنْ يَسْتَطِيعُونَ مِمَّنْ يُسْلِمُ وَجْهَهُ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى. وَقَدِ اجْتَمَعَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ لَمَّا عَلِمُوا انْتِشَارَ ذِكْرِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي الْعَرَبِ فَتَعَاقَدُوا عَلَى مَا يَنْعَتُونَ بِهِ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ حَتَّى لَا تَخْتَلِفَ كَلِمَتُهُمْ فَاتَّفَقُوا عَلَى رَأْيِ الْوَلِيدِ بْنِ الْمُغِيرَةِ بَعْدَ أَنْ فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ فَقُتِلَ كَيْفَ قَدَّرَ بِأَنْ يَقُولُوا: إِنَّهُ سَاحِرٌ. وَلَمَّا كَانَ مَنْطِقُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَيْسَ بِمَنْطِقِ السَّاحِرِ وَلَا الْكَاهِنِ فَإِنَّ ثُلَّةً مِنَ الْعَرَبِ عَرَفَتْ حَقِيقَةَ الْأَمْرِ وَبَدَأَ يَنْتَشِرُ ذِكْرُهُ فِي الْآفَاقِ. وَكُلَّمَا انْتَشَرَ ذِكْرُهُ ﷺ وَكَثُرَ أَتْبَاعُهُ كُلَّمَا ازْدَاتْ قُرَيْشٌ نِكَايَةً لَهُ وَلِأَتْبَاعِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّا اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ قَدْ عَصَمَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ مِنْ أَنْ يَطَالَهُ أَذًى حِسِّيًّا بِسَبَبِ وُقُوفِ عَمِّهِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِلَى جِوَارِهِ فَكَانَ غَايَةُ مَا تَسْتَطِيعُ قُرَيْشٌ أَنْ تَفْعَلَهُ أَنْ تُؤْذِيَهُ بِالسَّبِّ أَحْيَانًا وَكَانُوا إِنَّمَا يَسُبُّونَ مُذَمَّمًا وَهُوَ مُحَمَّدٌ وَأَحْمَدُ وَلِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ وَكَانَ أَكْثَرُ الْأَذَى إِنَّمَا يَأْتِي مِنْ عَمِّهِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ وَزَوْجِهِ حَمَّالَةِ الْحَطَبِ.
Translation
✧ The Prophet's ﷺ open proclamation to his people and their response: The Prophet ﷺ began to proclaim openly the command of Allah, to find fault with the deities of the polytheists, and to expose the falsehood they were upon. Thus their enmity toward him began. However, when they saw that the Prophet ﷺ neither tired nor wearied of calling to Islam and of denouncing the idols of polytheism and their tyrants, and that he would not respond to the nobles of his people by refraining from reviling their gods, they went to his uncle Abū Ṭālib so that he might restrain him. But the Prophet ﷺ did not refrain, and he resolved to continue in his call, even if that cost him his own life. His uncle was protective of him. The people tried repeatedly to turn Abū Ṭālib away from defending the Prophet ﷺ, but all their attempts ended in failure. So they had no choice but to make a pact and covenant to torture everyone they could who submitted his face to Allah, the Exalted. The polytheists gathered when they learned of the spread of the mention of the Prophet ﷺ among the Arabs, and they made a pact concerning how they would describe the Prophet ﷺ so that their word would not differ. They agreed upon the opinion of al-Walīd b. al-Mughīrah, after he thought and deliberated—so he was killed for how he deliberated—that they should say: "He is a sorcerer." Since the speech of the Prophet ﷺ was not the speech of a sorcerer or a soothsayer, a band of Arabs recognized the truth of the matter, and his mention began to spread across the horizons. Whenever his mention ﷺ spread and his followers increased, the Quraysh increased their harm toward him and his followers. However, Allah, glorified be He, protected the Prophet ﷺ from physical harm due to his uncle Abū Ṭālib standing by his side. The utmost the Quraysh could do was to harm him with insults at times. They would revile "Mudhammam," while he is Muḥammad and Aḥmad—and praise belongs to Allah. Most of the harm came from his uncle Abū Lahab and his wife, the carrier of firewood.
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