Tarikh (al-Tabari) 702
The sending of the Prophet ﷺ
مَبْعَثُ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ لَقَدْ سَبَقَ الْمَبْعَثَ النَّبَوِيَّ الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْبِشَارَاتِ بِقُرْبِ مَبْعَثِهِ ﷺ وَقَدْ جَاءَتْ هَذِهِ الْبِشَارَاتُ عَلَى لِسَانِ الْعَدِيدِ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَالنَّصَارَى بِمَا كَانُوا يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ مِنْ صِفَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَصِفَةِ صَحْبِهِ وَبَلَدِ هِجْرَتِهِ. كَمَا جَاءَتْ بَعْضُ هَذِهِ الْبِشَارَاتِ عَلَى يَدِ بَعْضِ الْكُهَّانِ مِمَّنْ كَانَ لَهُ تَابِعٌ مِنَ الْجِنِّ يَسْتَرِقُ السَّمْعَ وَيَأْتِي بِخَبَرِ السَّمَاءِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُمْنَعَ الْجِنُّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ بِمَبْعَثِهِ ﷺ. كَمَا كَانَ مِنْ أَمَارَاتِ النُّبُوَّةِ وَبِدَايَةِ الْبِشَارَةِ أَنَّهُ ﷺ مَا يَمُرُّ بِحَجَرٍ وَلَا شَجَرٍ إِلَّا قَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، وَقَدْ قَالَ ﷺ «إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُ حَجَرًا كَانَ يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيَّ قَبْلَ أَنْ أُبْعَثَ إِنِّي لَأَعْرِفُهُ الْآنَ» كَمَا كَانَ ﷺ يَرَى الرُّؤْيَا فَتَقَعُ مِثْلَ فَلَقِ الصُّبْحِ. هَذَا وَقَدْ كَانَ مَبْعَثُهُ ﷺ عَلَى رَأْسِ أَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً مِنْ عُمْرِهِ، وَقِيلَ غَيْرَ ذَلِكَ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا ابْتُدِئَ بِهِ الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ فِي النَّوْمِ، ثُمَّ حُبِّبَ إِلَيْهِ الْخَلَاءُ حَتَّى جَاءَهُ جِبْرِيلُ فِي غَارِ حِرَاءَ ثُمَّ مَا كَانَ مِمَّا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ فَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَدِيجَةَ ؓ، وَقَدْ خَشِيَ ﷺ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ فَذَهَبَتْ خَدِيجَةُ ؓ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى ابْنِ عَمِّهَا وَرَقَةَ وَقَدْ قَصَّ عَلَيْهِ ﷺ مَا حَصَلَ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَرَقَةُ بِأَنَّ الَّذِي يَأْتِي إِنَّمَا هُوَ النَّامُوسُ الْأَكْبَرُ وَهُوَ الْوَحْيُ الَّذِي يَنْزِلُ عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ وَتَمَنَّى لَوْ أَبْقَاهُ اللَّهُ حَتَّى يَنْصُرَهُ وَيُؤَازِرَهُ. ثُمَّ فَتَرَ الْوَحْيُ حَتَّى ظَنَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ الظُّنُونَا وَكَادَ أَنْ يُهْلِكَ نَفْسَهُ الشَّرِيفَةَ حُزْنًا فَظَهَرَ لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ جَالِسًا عَلَى كُرْسِيٍّ بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالْأَرْضِ فَرَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى خَدِيجَةَ ؓ فَقَالَ زَمِّلُونِي، فَدَثَّرُوهُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمُدَّثِّرُ وَقَدْ جَاءَ فِي بَعْضِ الرِّوَايَاتِ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَدْ قَرَنَ بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِسْرَافِيلَ ثَلَاثَ سَنَوَاتٍ يُلْقِي إِلَيْهِ الْكَلِمَةَ بَعْدَ الْكَلِمَةِ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ قَدْ نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى لِسَانِهِ ثُمَّ قَرَنَ بِهِ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ. وَقَدْ ذَكَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ أَنْوَاعَ الْوَحْيِ: مِنْهَا الرُّؤْيَا الصَّالِحَةُ، وَالنَّفْثُ فِي الرَّوْعِ، وَأَنْ يَأْتِيَهُ مِثْلَ صَلْصَلَةِ الْجَرَسِ وَهُوَ أَشَدُّهُ، وَأَحْيَانًا يَتَمَثَّلُ لَهُ الْمَلَكُ رَجُلًا فَيُكَلِّمُهُ، أَوْ يَأْتِيهِ كَدَوِيِّ النَّحْلِ إِلَى غَيْرِ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَنْوَاعِ الْوَحْيِ إِلَيْهِ ﷺ. هَذَا وَقَدْ كَانَ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَنْ أَسْلَمَ وَآمَنَ بِهِ وَصَدَّقَهُ وَآزَرَهُ زَوْجَتُهُ خَدِيجَةُ ؓ، وَقَدْ بَشَّرَهَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى عَلَى لِسَانِ نَبِيِّهِ بِبَيْتٍ مِنْ قَصَبٍ لَا نَصَبَ فِيهِ وَلَا وَصَبَ. وَقَدْ ظَلَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُنْذُ مَبْعَثِهِ يَدْعُو قَوْمَهُ إِلَى عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ يَحُوطُهُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ فِي ذَلِكَ وَيَدْفَعُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عَنْهُ، وَبِزَوْجَتِهِ خَدِيجَةَ حَيْثُ تُعِينُهُ بِمَالِهَا، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَا بَدَأَتْ قُرَيْشٌ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ فِي إِيذَائِهِ ﷺ. فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى الطَّائِفِ يَلْتَمِسُ مَنْ يَنْصُرُهُ وَيُؤْوِيهِ حَتَّى يُبَلِّغَ رِسَالَةَ رَبِّهِ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَجِدْ عِنْدَهُمْ خَيْرًا بَلْ كَانُوا مِنْ أَشَدِّ النَّاسِ صُدُودًا عَنْهُ وَكَانَ مِنْ أَشَدِّهِمْ عَبْدُ يَالِيلَ وَمَسْعُودٌ وَحَبِيبٌ بَنُو عَمْرِو بْنِ عُمَيْرٍ، وَقَدْ أَغْرَوْا بِهِ سُفَهَاءَهُمْ. وَفِي مَرْجِعِهِ مِنَ الطَّائِفِ صَرَفَ اللهُ إِلَيْهِ نَفَرًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ثُمَّ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ ﷺ فِي جِوَارِ الْمُطْعِمِ بْنِ عَدِيٍّ.
Translation
✧ The sending of the Prophet ﷺ The prophetic sending was preceded by numerous glad tidings of the nearness of his sending ﷺ. These glad tidings came on the tongue of many of the People of the Book, from the Jews and Christians, by what they used to find written with them in the Torah and the Gospel, concerning the description of the Prophet ﷺ, the description of his Companions, and the land of his emigration. Likewise, some of these glad tidings came at the hand of some of the soothsayers, those who had a follower from among the jinn who would eavesdrop on heaven and bring news of heaven before the jinn were prevented from that by his sending ﷺ. Also among the signs of prophethood and the beginning of the glad tidings was that he ﷺ would not pass by any stone or tree except that it said: "Peace be upon you, O Messenger of Allah." And he ﷺ said: "Indeed I know a stone that used to greet me before I was sent. Indeed I know it now." Likewise, he ﷺ would see a vision and it would occur like the break of dawn. Moreover, his sending ﷺ was at the age of forty years of his life, and it was said otherwise. The first thing with which he began was the righteous vision in sleep, then seclusion was made beloved to him until Gabriel came to him in the cave of Hirāʾ. Then among what was revealed to him was the saying of the Most High: {Recite in the name of your Lord who created}. So the Messenger of Allah ﷺ returned to Khadījah ؓ, and he ﷺ feared for himself. Khadījah ؓ went with the Prophet ﷺ to her cousin Waraqah, and he ﷺ related to him what had happened. Waraqah informed him that the one who comes is none other than the Great Nāmūs, and it is the revelation that descends upon the prophets before him. He wished that Allah would keep him alive so that he might support and assist him. Then the revelation ceased until the Prophet ﷺ thought thoughts, and he almost destroyed his noble self out of grief. Then Gabriel ﷺ appeared to him sitting on a chair between heaven and earth. So the Prophet ﷺ returned to Khadījah ؓ and said: "Wrap me up, wrap me up." So they covered him, and Allah, Mighty and Majestic, sent down: {O you wrapped in garments}. It has come in some narrations that Allah the Most High joined Isrāfīl with the Prophet ﷺ for three years, casting to him word after word, though the Qurʾān had not yet descended on his tongue. Then He joined Gabriel ﷺ with him. The Prophet ﷺ mentioned the types of revelation: among them the righteous vision, the inspiration in the heart, and that it would come to him like the ringing of a bell, and that is the most severe of it. Sometimes the angel would appear to him as a man and speak to him, or it would come to him like the buzzing of bees, and other types of revelation to him ﷺ. Moreover, among the first who submitted and believed in him, affirmed him, and assisted him was his wife Khadījah ؓ. Allah the Most High gave her glad tidings on the tongue of His Prophet of a house of reeds in which there is no toil and no fatigue. The Prophet ﷺ continued since his sending to call his people to the worship of Allah alone, with Abū Ṭālib protecting him in that, and Allah repelling by him from him, and with his wife Khadījah assisting him with her wealth. When they both died, Quraysh began to intensify their harm of him ﷺ. So the Prophet ﷺ went out to al-Ṭāʾif seeking one who would support him and shelter him until he could convey the message of his Lord. However, he found no good with them; rather, they were among the severest of people in turning away from him. Among the severest of them were ʿAbd Yālīl, Masʿūd, and Ḥabīb, the sons of ʿAmr b. ʿUmayr, and they incited their fools against him. On his return from al-Ṭāʾif, Allah turned to him a group of jinn listening to the Qurʾān. Then he entered Makkah ﷺ under the protection of al-Muṭʿim b. ʿAdī.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.