Tarikh (al-Tabari) 658
The Birth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and His Suckling
إِخْوَتِهِ ﷺ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ عَمُّهُ حَمْزَةُ أَسَدُ اللَّهِ وَسَيِّدُ الشُّهَدَاءِ ؓ، رَوَى سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ وَابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالشَّيْخَانِ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ، قَالَ: قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: أَلَا تَتَزَوَّجُ ابْنَةَ حَمْزَةَ فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ أَحْسَنِ فَتَاةٍ فِي قُرَيْشٍ؟ قَالَ: «إِنَّهَا ابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ » انْتَهَى. وَحَمْزَةُ ؓ رَضِيعُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ جِهَةِ حَلِيمَةَ. وَمِنْ جِهَةِ السَّعْدِيَّةِ السَّابِقَةِ. أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ بْنِ هِلَالِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ مَخْزُومٍ مِنَ السَّابِقِينَ الْأَوَّلِينَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ. رَوَى الشَّيْخَانِ عَنْ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أُمِّ حَبِيبَةَ، بِنْتِ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ ؓ قَالَتْ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: أَلَا تَنْكِحُ أُخْتِي بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ. وَلِمُسْلِمٍ: عَزَّةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ؟ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «أَتُحِبِّينَ ذَلِكَ؟ » قَالَتْ: نَعَمْ لَسْتُ لَكَ. بِمُخْلِيَةٍ وَأُحِبُّ مَنْ شَارَكَنِي فِي خَيْرِ أُخْتِي. فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: «فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَحِلُّ لِي ». قَالَتْ: فَإِنَّا نُحَدَّثُ أَنَّكَ تُرِيدُ أَنْ تَنْكِحَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: دُرَّةَ بِنْتَ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ. قَالَ: «بِنْتُ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ؟ » قُلْتُ: نَعَمْ. قَالَ: «إِنَّهَا لَوْ لَمْ تَكُنْ رَبِيبَتِي فِي حَجْرِي مَا حَلَّتْ لِي إِنَّهَا لِابْنَةُ أَخِي مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ أَرْضَعَتْنِي وَأَبَا سَلَمَةَ ثُوَيْبَةُ ». وَذَكَرَ الْحَدِيثَ. مُخْلِيَةٌ بِضَمِّ الْمِيمِ وَسُكُونِ الْخَاءِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَكَسْرِ اللَّامِ وَبِالتَّحْتِيَّةِ الْمُثَنَّاةِ أَيْ لَمْ أَجِدْكَ خَالِيًا مِنَ الزَّوْجَاتِ غَيْرِي وَقَالَ ابْنُ الْجَوْزِيِّ: الْمَعْنَى بِمُنْفَرِدَةٍ لِلْخَلْوَةِ بِكَ. نُحَدَّثُ بِضَمِّ النُّونِ وَفَتْحِ الْحَاءِ وَالدَّالِ الْمُهْمَلَتَيْنِ. حَجْرِي بِفَتْحِ الْحَاءِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ وَكَسْرِهَا. عَزَّةُ بِفَتْحِ الْمُهْمَلَةِ بَعْدَهَا زَايٌ. دُرَّةُ: بِضَمِّ الْمُهْمَلَةِ. مَسْرُوحٌ: تَقَدَّمَ الْكَلَامُ عَلَيْهِ. عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ جَحْشٍ ؓ. قَالَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى. وَتَعَقَّبَهُ فِي الزَّهْرِ بِأَنَّ الَّذِي ذَكَرَهُ أَهْلُ التَّارِيخِ وَأَهْلُ الصَّحِيحِ لَا أَعْلَمُ بَيْنَهُمُ اخْتِلَافًا أَنَّ الرَّاضِعَ مَعَ حَمْزَةَ أَبُو سَلَمَةَ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْأَسَدِ لَا ذِكْرَ لِابْنِ جَحْشٍ عِنْدَهُمْ. قُلْتُ: هَذَا هُوَ الصَّوَابُ. وَمَا ذَكَرَهُ السُّهَيْلِيُّ سَبْقُ قَلَمٍ فَإِنَّ أَبَا سَلَمَةَ ذَكَرَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ رَضَعَ هُوَ وَإِيَّاهُ مِنْ ثُوَيْبَةَ كَمَا فِي صَحِيحِ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ ذَلِكَ السُّهَيْلِيُّ، وَذَكَرَ ابْنَ جَحْشٍ. عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعُزَّى ابْنُ حَلِيمَةَ وَهُوَ الَّذِي شَرِبَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، وَوَقَعَ لِلْبَيْهَقِيِّ مِنْ طَرِيقِ الْعَلَائِي أَنَّ اسْمَهُ ضُمْرَةُ. فَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ. حَفْصُ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ: ذَكَرَهُ الْحَافِظُ فِي الْإِصَابَةِ. أُمَيَّةُ بِنْتُ الْحَارِثِ ذَكَرَهَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ فِي الشَّرَفِ وَأَقَرَّهُ الْحَافِظُ. خِذَامَةُ بِخَاءٍ مَكْسُورَةٍ وَذَالٍ مُعْجَمَتَيْنِ. وَيُقَالُ بِجِيمٍ مَضْمُومَةٍ وَدَالٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ، وَيُقَالُ حُذَافَةُ بِحَاءٍ مُهْمَلَةٍ مَضْمُومَةٍ وَذَالٍ مُعْجَمَةٍ وَفَاءٍ، قَالَ الْخُشَنِيُّ: وَهُوَ الصَّوَابُ وَهِيَ: الشَّيْمَاءُ بِفَتْحِ الْمُعْجَمَةِ وَسُكُونِ الْمُثَنَّاةِ التَّحْتِيَّةِ. وَكَانَتْ تَحْضُنُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ أُمِّهَا إِذْ كَانَ عِنْدَهُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي رِوَايَةِ يُونُسَ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ وَغَيْرِهِ: إِنَّ حُذَافَةَ وَهِيَ الشَّيْمَاءُ غَلَبَ عَلَيْهَا ذَلِكَ، وَذَكَرَ أَنَّ الشَّيْمَاءَ كَانَتْ تَحْضُنُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ أُمِّهَا. وَرَوَى ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ عَنْ أَبِي وَجْزَةَ السَّعْدِيِّ أَنَّ الشَّيْمَاءَ لَمَّا انْتَهَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَتْ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأُخْتُكَ مِنَ الرَّضَاعَةِ. قَالَ: «وَمَا عَلَامَةُ ذَلِكَ؟ » قَالَتْ: عَضَّةٌ عَضَضْتَنِيهَا فِي ظَهْرِي وَأَنَا مُتَوَرِّكَتُكَ. فَعَرِفَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْعَلَامَةَ فَبَسَطَ لَهَا رِدَاءَهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ: هَا هُنَا فَأَجْلَسَهَا عَلَيْهِ وَخَيَّرَهَا فَقَالَ: «إِنْ أَحْبَبْتِ فَأَقِيمِي عِنْدِي مُحَبَّبَةً مُكَرَّمَةً وَإِنْ أَحْبَبْتِ أَنْ أُمَتِّعَكِ فَتَرْجِعِي إِلَى قَوْمِكِ فَعَلْتُ ». فَقَالَتْ: بَلْ تُمَتِّعُنِي وَتُرْجِعُنِي إِلَى قَوْمِي. فَمَتَّعَهَا وَرَدَّهَا إِلَى قَوْمِهَا. فَزَعَمَ بَنُو سَعْدِ بْنِ بَكْرٍ أَنَّهُ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا غُلَامًا يُقَالُ لَهُ مَكْحُولٌ وَجَارِيَةً فَزَوَّجُوا الْغُلَامَ الْجَارِيَةَ فَلَمْ يَزَلْ مِنْ نَسْلِهِمَا بَقِيَّةٌ. أَبُو وَجْزَةَ بِفَتْحِ الْوَاوِ وَسُكُونِ الْجِيمِ بَعْدَهَا زَايٌ اسْمُهُ يَزِيدُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ. وَذَكَرَ أَبُو عُمَرَ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى نَحْوَهُ. وَزَادَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ أَعْطَاهَا وَشْيًا أَيْ ثَوْبًا مُوَشَّى وَثَلَاثَةَ أَعْبُدٍ وَجَارِيَةً. وَنُقِلَ فِي الزَّهْرِ وَالْإِصَابَةِ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْمُعَلَّى قَالَ فِي كِتَابِ التَّرْقِيصِ: إِنَّ الشَّيْمَاءَ كَانَتْ تُرَقِّصُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَقُولُ فِي تَرْقِيصِهِ هَذَا الْكَلَامَ: يَا رَبَّنَا أَبْقِ أَخِي مُحَمَّدَا حَتَّى أَرَاهُ يَافِعًا وَأَمْرَدَا وَأَكْبِتْ أَعَادِيهِ مَعًا وَالْحُسَّدَا وَأَعْطِهِ عِزًّا يَدُومُ أَبَدَا زَادَ فِي الزَّهْرِ فِي النَّقْلِ عَنْهُ. هَذَا أَخٌ لِي لَمْ تَلِدْهُ أُمِّي وَلَيْسَ مِنْ نَسْلِ أَبِي وَعَمِّي فَدَيْتُهُ مِنْ مُخَوَّلٍ مُعَمِّ فَأَنِمْهُ اللَّهُمَّ فِيمَا تُنَمِّي وَتَقُولُ أَيْضًا ؓ: مُحَمَّدٌ خَيْرُ الْبَشَرْ مِمَّنْ مَضَى وَمَنْ غَبَّرْ مَنْ حَجَّ مِنْهُمْ أَوِ اعْتَمَرْ أَحْسَنُ مِنْ وَجْهِ الْقَمَرْ مِنْ كُلِّ أُنْثَى وَذَكَرْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَشْبُوبٍ أَغَرَّ جَنَّبَنِي اللَّهُ الْغَيْرَ فِيهِ وَأَوْضَحَ لِي الْأَثَرْ .
Translation
✧ His ﷺ foster siblings His paternal uncle Ḥamzah, the Lion of Allah and the Chief of the Martyrs ؓ. Saʿīd b. Manṣūr, Ibn Saʿd, and the two Shaykhs narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ, who said: ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib said to the Prophet ﷺ: Will you not marry the daughter of Ḥamzah, for she is among the most beautiful young women of Quraysh? He said: "She is the daughter of my foster brother." End. Ḥamzah ؓ was the foster sibling of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ through Ḥalīmah and through the aforementioned Saʿdiyyah. Abū Salamah ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Asad b. Hilāl b. ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar b. Makhzūm, one of the earliest forerunners to Islam. The two Shaykhs narrated from Zaynab bt. Umm Salamah, from Umm Ḥabībah bt. Abī Sufyān ؓ, who said: I said, O Messenger of Allah, will you not marry my sister, the daughter of Abū Sufyān—and in Muslim's version: ʿAzzah, the daughter of Abū Sufyān? The Prophet ﷺ said: "Would you like that?" She said: Yes, I am not one to leave you without other wives, and I would love my sister to share with me in good. The Prophet ﷺ said: "That is not lawful for me." She said: We are told that you intend to marry the daughter of Abū Salamah—and in another version: Durrah, the daughter of Abū Salamah. He said: "The daughter of Abū Salamah?" I said: Yes. He said: "Even if she were not my stepdaughter under my care, she would not be lawful for me, for she is the daughter of my foster brother; Thuwaybah suckled me and Abū Salamah." And he mentioned the ḥadīth. Mukhliyah: with a ḍammah on the mīm, a sukūn on the pointed khāʾ, a kasrah on the lām, and a dotted yāʾ with two dots beneath, meaning "I would not find you free of wives besides me." Ibn al-Jawzī said: The meaning is "alone for seclusion with you." Nuḥaddathu: with a ḍammah on the nūn and a fatḥah on the unpointed ḥāʾ and unpointed dāl. Ḥijrī: with a fatḥah or kasrah on the unpointed ḥāʾ. ʿAzzah: with a fatḥah on the unpointed ʿayn followed by a zāy. Durrah: with a ḍammah on the unpointed dāl. Masrūḥ: previous discussion has covered it. ʿAbd Allāh b. Jaḥsh ؓ. Al-Suhaylī, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, mentioned him. In al-Zahr, this was criticized on the grounds that what the historians and the sound traditionists mention, with no disagreement known among them, is that the one who suckled with Ḥamzah was Abū Salamah ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿAbd al-Asad, with no mention of Ibn Jaḥsh among them. I say: This is the correct view. What al-Suhaylī mentioned is a slip of the pen, for the Prophet ﷺ mentioned that he and Abū Salamah suckled from Thuwaybah, as in Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, and al-Suhaylī did not mention that, but mentioned Ibn Jaḥsh. ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥārith b. ʿAbd al-ʿUzzā, the son of Ḥalīmah, who drank together with the Prophet ﷺ. Al-Bayhaqī recorded through the route of al-ʿAlāʾī that his name was Ḍumrah. But Allah Almighty knows best. Ḥafṣ b. al-Ḥārith: Al-Ḥāfiẓ mentioned him in al-Iṣābah. Umayyah bt. al-Ḥārith: Abū Saʿīd al-Naysābūrī mentioned her in al-Sharaf, and al-Ḥāfiẓ endorsed that. Khidhāmah: with a kasrah on the pointed khāʾ and a pointed dhāl. It is also said Judāmah, with a ḍammah on the jīm and an unpointed dāl, and it is said Ḥudhāfah, with a ḍammah on the unpointed ḥāʾ, a pointed dhāl, and a fāʾ. Al-Khushanī said: That is the correct form. She is al-Shaymāʾ, with a fatḥah on the pointed shīn and a sukūn on the two-dotted yāʾ. She used to care for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ along with her mother when he was with them. Ibn Isḥāq, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, said in the version of Yūnus b. Bukayr and others: Ḥudhāfah, that is al-Shaymāʾ, this name prevailed over her, and he mentioned that al-Shaymāʾ used to care for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ along with her mother. Ibn Isḥāq narrated from Abū Wajzah al-Saʿdī that when al-Shaymāʾ came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, she said: O Messenger of Allah, I am your foster sister. He said: "What is the sign of that?" She said: A bite you gave me on my back while I was carrying you on my hip. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ recognized the sign, spread his cloak for her, then said: "Here," seated her upon it, and gave her the choice, saying: "If you wish, stay with me, loved and honored, and if you wish that I provide for you and you return to your people, I will do so." She said: Rather provide for me and return me to my people. So he provided for her and sent her back to her people. The Banū Saʿd b. Bakr claimed that he ﷺ gave her a slave boy called Makḥūl and a slave girl, and they married the boy to the girl, and from their offspring some remained. Abū Wajzah: with a fatḥah on the wāw, a sukūn on the jīm, followed by a zāy; his name is Yazīd b. ʿUbayd. Abū ʿUmar, may Allah Almighty have mercy on him, mentioned something similar, and added that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ gave her a patterned garment, that is, an embroidered cloth, three slaves, and a slave girl. It is reported in al-Zahr and al-Iṣābah that Muḥammad b. al-Muʿallā said in Kitāb al-Tarqīṣ: Al-Shaymāʾ used to dandle the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and would say while dandling him these words: O our Lord, keep my brother Muḥammad until I see him as a youth and beardless, and thwart his enemies together and the envious, and grant him enduring might forever. Al-Zahr added in the quotation from him: This is a brother of mine whom my mother did not bear, and he is not from the offspring of my father or my paternal uncle. I would ransom him from a maternal uncle who is a protector, so let him grow, O Allah, in what You cause to grow. She also used to say ؓ: Muḥammad is the best of mankind, of those who have passed and those who remain. Whoever of them performs Hajj or ʿUmrah, more beautiful than the face of the moon, from every female and male, from every radiant, noble youth. May Allah keep me away from jealousy concerning him, and make clear to me the traces.
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