Tarikh (al-Tabari) 659
Abu Talib's Guardianship of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ
الْبَابُ الْخَامِسُ فِي وَفَاةِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَوَصِيَّتِهِ لِأَبِي طَالِبٍ بِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَمَا ظَهَرَ فِي ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ اخْتُلِفَ فِي سِنِّ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ مَاتَ جَدُّهُ فَقِيلَ: وَلَهُ ثَمَانِي سِنِينَ وَقَدَّمَهُ فِي الْإِشَارَةِ. وَقِيلَ بِزِيَادَةِ شَهْرٍ وَعَشَرَةِ أَيَّامٍ. وَقِيلَ تِسْعٌ وَقِيلَ عَشْرٌ وَقِيلَ سِتٌّ. وَلِعَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ عَشْرٌ وَمِائَةُ سَنَةٍ. وَقَدَّمَهُ فِي الْإِشَارَةِ. وَقِيلَ اثْنَتَانِ وَثَمَانُونَ سَنَةً وَيُقَالُ بَلَغَ مِائَةً وَأَرْبَعَةً وَأَرْبَعِينَ سَنَةً. وَيُقَالُ خَمْسًا وَتِسْعِينَ سَنَةً. وَيُقَالُ مِائَةً وَعِشْرِينَ. قَالَ الْوَاقِدِيُّ: وَلَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِثَبْتٍ. وَرَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْأَسْلَمِيُّ عَنْ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ أَنَّهَا حَدَّثَتْ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَبْكِي خَلْفَ سَرِيرِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَهُوَ ابْنُ ثَمَانِي سِنِينَ وَدُفِنَ بِالْحَجُونِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ عَنِ الْوَاقِدِيِّ عَنْ شُيُوخِهِ أَنَّهُ قِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: أَتَذْكُرُ مَوْتَ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ أَنَا يَوْمَئِذٍ ابْنُ ثَمَانِي سِنِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ إِسْحَاقَ وَغَيْرُهُ: وَلَمَّا حَضَرَتْ عَبْدَ الْمُطَّلِبِ الْوَفَاةُ أَوْصَى أَبَا طَالِبٍ بِحِفْظِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَحِيَاطَتِهِ وَالْقِيَامِ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَوْصَى بِهِ إِلَى أَبِي طَالِبٍ، لِأَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَأَبَا طَالِبٍ كَانَا لِأُمٍّ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ كَانَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ هُوَ الَّذِي يَلِي أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ جَدِّهِ. وَرَوَى ابْنُ سَعْدٍ وَالْحَسَنُ بْنُ عَرَفَةَ وَابْنُ عَسَاكِرَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ وَغَيْرِهِ قَالُوا: لَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ قَبَضَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَانَ يَكُونُ مَعَهُ، وَكَانَ يُحِبُّهُ حُبًّا شَدِيدًا لَا يُحِبُّهُ وَلَدَهُ وَكَانَ لَا يَنَامُ إِلَّا إِلَى جَنْبِهِ وَصَبَّ بِهِ صَبَابَةً لَمْ يُصِبْ مِثْلَهَا قَطُّ، وَكَانَ يَخُصُّهُ بِالطَّعَامِ وَكَانَ عِيَالُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ إِذَا أَكَلُوا جَمِيعًا أَوْ فُرَادَى لَمْ يَشْبَعُوا وَإِذَا أَكَلَ مَعَهُمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَبِعُوا. وَكَانَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُغَدِّيَهُمْ أَوْ يُعَشِّيهِمْ يَقُولُ: كَمَا أَنْتُمْ حَتَّى يَحْضُرَ ابْنِي. فَيَأْتِي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَيَأْكُلُ مَعَهُمْ فَيَفْضُلُونَ مِنْ طَعَامِهِمْ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مَعَهُمْ لَمْ يُشْبِعْهُمْ، وَإِنْ كَانَ لَبَنًا شَرِبَ أَوَّلَهُمْ ثُمَّ يَتَنَاوَلُ الْعِيَالُ الْقَعْبَ فَيَشْرَبُونَ مِنْهُ فَيَرْوُونَ عَنْ آخِرِهِمْ مِنَ الْقَعْبِ الْوَاحِدِ، وَإِنْ كَانَ أَحَدُهُمْ لَيَشْرَبُ قَعْبًا وَحْدَهُ فَيَقُولُ أَبُو طَالِبٍ: إِنَّكَ لَمُبَارَكٌ. وَكَانَ الصِّبْيَانُ يَصِيحُونَ رُمْصًا شُعْثًا وَيُصْبِحُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَهِينًا كَحِيلًا. وَرَوَى أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ عَنْ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ قَالَتْ: مَا رَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَكَا جُوعًا وَلَا عَطَشًا لَا فِي كِبَرِهِ وَلَا فِي صِغَرِهِ، وَكَانَ يَغْدُو إِذَا أَصْبَحَ فَيَشْرَبُ مِنْ مَاءِ زَمْزَمَ شَرْبَةً فَرُبَّمَا عَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِ الْغَدَاءَ فَيَقُولُ: أَنَا شَبْعَانُ. وَرَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ سُفْيَانَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ؓ قَالَ: كَانَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ يُقَرِّبُ لِلصِّبْيَانِ تَصْبِيحَهُمْ فَيَضَعُونَ أَيْدِيَهُمْ فَيَنْتَهِبُونَ وَيَكُفُّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَدَهُ فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ عَزَلَ لَهُ طَعَامَهُ. تَفْسِيرُ الْغَرِيبِ صَبَّ بِهِ: يُقَالُ صَبَّ يَصَبُّ بِالْفَتْحِ صَبَابَةً رَقَّ شَوْقُهُ. الْقَعْبُ: قَدَحٌ مِنْ خَشَبٍ : الرَّمَصُ بِالتَّحْرِيكِ وَسَخٌ يَجْتَمِعُ فِي الْمَوْقِ فَإِنْ سَالَ فَهُوَ غَمَصٌ وَإِنْ جَمُدَ فَهُوَ رَمَصٌ. الشَّعْثُ: تَلَبُّدُ الشَّعْرِ لِقِلَّةِ تَعَهُّدِهِ بِالدُّهْنِ. وَاللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ THE FIFTH CHAPTER: ON THE DEATH OF ʿABD AL-MUṬṬALIB AND HIS BEQUEST TO ABŪ ṬĀLIB CONCERNING THE MESSENGER OF ALLAH ﷺ AND THE SIGNS THAT APPEARED IN THAT REGARD There is disagreement regarding the age of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ when his grandfather died. It was said: he was eight years old, and this was given precedence in the indication. It was also said: with an addition of a month and ten days. It was said: nine. It was said: ten. And it was said: six. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib was one hundred and ten years old, and this was given precedence in the indication. It was said: eighty-two years. It is said: he reached one hundred and forty-four years. It is said: ninety-five years. And it is said: one hundred and twenty. Al-Wāqidī said: That is not firmly established. Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-Aslamī narrated from Umm Ayman that she related that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was weeping behind the bier of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib when he was eight years old, and he was buried in al-Ḥajūn. Ibn Saʿd narrated from al-Wāqidī from his shaykhs that it was said to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ: "Do you remember the death of ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib?" He said: "Yes, I was then eight years old." Ibn Isḥāq and others said: When death came to ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib, he enjoined Abū Ṭālib to protect the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, to care for him, and to look after him. He bequeathed him to Abū Ṭālib, because ʿAbd Allāh and Abū Ṭālib were born of the same mother. When ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib died, Abū Ṭālib was the one who took charge of the affairs of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ after his grandfather. Ibn Saʿd, al-Ḥasan b. ʿArafa, and Ibn ʿAsākir narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās and others who said: When ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib died, Abū Ṭālib took the Messenger of Allah ﷺ into his care, and he would be with him. He loved him with an intense love, more than he loved his own children. He would not sleep except beside him. He was devoted to him with a devotion the like of which was never seen. He would single him out for food. When the household of Abū Ṭālib ate all together or individually, they would not be satisfied, but when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ ate with them, they were satisfied. When Abū Ṭālib wanted to give them their morning or evening meal, he would say: "Wait as you are until my son comes." Then the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would come and eat with them, and they would have surplus from their food. If he was not with them, they would not be satisfied. If it was milk, he would drink first, then the household would take the cup and drink from it, and they would quench their thirst to the last of them from that single cup. One of them alone would drink an entire cup. Abū Ṭālib would say: "You are indeed blessed." The children would wake up with sticky eyes and disheveled hair, while the Messenger of Allah ﷺ would wake up with oiled and kohl-lined eyes. Abū Nuʿaym narrated from Umm Ayman who said: I never saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ complain of hunger or thirst, neither in his old age nor in his childhood. He would go out in the morning and drink a draught from the water of Zamzam. Sometimes we would offer him the midday meal, and he would say: "I am full." Al-Ḥasan b. Sufyān narrated from Ibn ʿAbbās ؓ who said: Abū Ṭālib would bring the children their morning meal, and they would put their hands in and snatch greedily, but the Messenger of Allah ﷺ held back his hand. When Abū Ṭālib saw that, he set aside his food for him separately. Explanation of uncommon words: "ṣabba bihi": It is said ṣabba yaṣabbu, with fatḥa, ṣabābatan, meaning his longing became tender. "al-qaʿb": A wooden drinking cup. "al-ramaṣ" with ḥaraka: Dirt that collects in the inner corner of the eye. If it flows, it is ghamaṣ; if it solidifies, it is ramaṣ. "al-shaʿth": Matting of the hair due to infrequent oiling. And Allah, Exalted is He, knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.