Tarikh (al-Tabari) 646
The Birth of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ and His Suckling
مِيلَادُ سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ وَكَفَالَتُهُ: وَقَدْ أَخْبَرَتْ يَهُودُ بِمِيلَادِ سَيِّدِنَا مُحَمَّدٍ يَوْمَ مِيلَادِهِ، وَتَنَاقَلُوا ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ وَقَعَ الْعَدِيدُ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ بِمِيلَادِهِ ﷺ، مِنْهَا انْكِفَاءُ الْأَصْنَامِ عَلَى وُجُوهِهَا انْبِثَاقُ دِجْلَةَ وَارْتِجَاسُ إِيوَانِ كِسْرَى وَسُقُوطُ شُرُفَاتِ قَصْرِهِ وَخُمُودُ النِّيرَانِ وَرَأَى الْمُوبِذَانُ إِبِلًا صِعَابًا تَقُودُ خَيْلًا عِرَابًا قَدْ قَطَعَتْ دِجْلَةَ وَانْتَشَرَتْ فِي بِلَادِهَا. وَقَدْ وُلِدَ ﷺ فِي يَوْمِ الِاثْنَيْنِ فِي شَهْرِ رَبِيعٍ الْأَوَّلِ لِاثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْهُ وَقِيلَ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ، مِنْ عَامِ الْفِيلِ وَقِيلَ فِي الْيَوْمِ الَّذِي أُرْسِلَتْ فِيهِ طَيْرُ الْأَبَابِيلِ عَلَيْهِمْ. وَسَمَّاهُ جَدُّهُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ مُحَمَّدًا، وَلَمَّا سُئِلَ عَنْ سَبَبِ التَّسْمِيَةِ، قَالَ: أَرَدْتُ أَنْ يَحْمَدَهُ اللَّهُ فِي السَّمَاءِ وَخَلْقُهُ فِي الْأَرْضِ. وَكَانَتْ حَاضِنَتُهُ أُمَّ أَيْمَنَ وَاسْمُهَا بَرَكَةُ، وَأَرْضَعَتْهُ ثُوَيْبَةُ مَوْلَاةُ عَمِّهِ أَبِي لَهَبٍ قَبْلَ حَلِيمَةَ السَّعْدِيَّةِ، ثَمَّ أَرْضَعَتْهُ حَلِيمَةُ السَّعْدِيَّةُ، وَقَدْ وَقَعَ لَهَا مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْمُبَارَكَاتِ بِبَرَكَةِ أَخْذِهِ وَرِضَاعِهِ ﷺ فَعَمَّتِ الْبَرَكَةُ وَالْخَيْرُ دَارَهَا. وَقَدْ وَقَعَتْ لَهُ ﷺ حَادِثَةُ شَقِّ صَدْرِهِ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْمَلِكِ وَهُوَ فِي رِعَايَتِهَا ﷺ فِي حِفْظٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ سُبْحَانَهُ، فَقَامَتْ بِرَدِّهِ ﷺ إِلَى أُمِّهِ. فَمَكَثَ فِي كَنَفِ أُمِّهِ ﷺ وَجَدِّهِ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ سِتَّ سِنِينَ خَرَجَتْ بِهِ إِلَى أَخْوَالِهِ بَنِي عَدِيِّ بْنِ النَّجَّارِ بِالْمَدِينَةِ فَتُوُفِّيَتْ وَهِيَ رَاجِعَةٌ بِالْأَبْوَاءِ وَكَانَ مَعَهَا أُمُّ أَيْمَنَ ؓ. فَكَفَلَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهَا جَدُّهُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ، وَكَانَ يَخْشَى عَلَيْهِ لِمَا بَلَغَهُ مِنْ كَلَامِ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ أَنَّهُ هُوَ نَبِيُّ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ ثَمَانِ سِنِينَ تُوُفِّيَ جَدُّهُ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ وَرَثَاهُ بَنَاتُهُ، وَوَلِيَ الْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ زَمْزَمَ وَالسِّقَايَةَ وَكَانَ أَحْدَثَ أَخَوَاتِهِ سِنًّا وَظَلَّتْ مَعَهُ إِلَى أَنْ أَقَرَّهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَعْدَ الْإِسْلَامِ. وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ عَبْدُ الْمُطَّلِبِ أَوْصَى بِالنَّبِيِّ ﷺ إِلَى أَبِي طَالِبٍ عَمِّهِ فَوَلِيَ أَمْرَهُ وَأَحَبَّهُ حُبًّا شَدِيدًا. وَقَدْ كَانَ أَبُو طَالِبٍ يَعْرِفُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ بَرَكَتَهُ فِي صِغَرِهِ، وَقَدْ خَرَجَ مَعَهُ إِلَى الشَّامِ وَرَآهُ مَعَهُ بُحَيْرَى الرَّاهِبُ وَكَانَتْ لَهُ مَعَهُ قِصَّةٌ فِيهَا الْبِشَارَةُ بِهِ ﷺ وَتَخَوُّفُهُ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ. وَقَدْ شَبَّ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَبْلَ النُّبُوَّةِ عَلَى طَيِّبِ الْأَخْلَاقِ وَأَحْسَنِهَا فَكَانَ أَصْدَقَ الْقَوْمِ وَأَعْظَمَهُمْ أَمَانَةً وَأَبْعَدَهُمْ عَنِ الْفُحْشِ، قَدْ عَصَمَهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا فِيهِ رَذِيلَةٌ، وَقَدْ عَرَفَ فَضْلَهُ أَهْلُ زَمَانِهِ فَكَانُوا يَتَحَاكَمُونَ إِلَيْهِ ﷺ وَيَأْتَمِنُونَهُ. وَقَدِ اسْتَقَى بِهِ أَبُو طَالِبٍ يَوْمًا بَعْدَمَا قَحَطَتْ مَكَّةُ وَفِيهِ يَقُولُ: وَأَبْيَضَ يُسْتَسْقَى الْغَمَامُ بِوَجْهِهِ ثِمَالُ الْيَتَامَى عِصْمَةٌ لِلْأَرَامِلِ يَلُوذُ بِهِ الْهُلَّاكُ مِنْ آلِ هَاشِمٍ فَهُمْ عِنْدَهُ فِي نِعْمَةٍ وَفَوَاضِلِ وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ خَمْسًا وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً وَكَانَتْ خَدِيجَةُ بِنْتُ خُوَيْلِدٍ امْرَأَةً عَاقِلَةً تَاجِرَةً تَسْتَأْجِرُ الرِّجَالَ عَلَى مَالِهَا مُضَارَبَةً، فَلَمَّا بَلَغَهَا مِنْ أَمَانَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَصِدْقِهِ وَفَضْلِهِ رَغِبَتْ أَنْ يَتَّجِرَ لَهَا عَلَى أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ أَفْضَلَ مَا تُعْطِي غَيْرَهُ فَقَبِلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، فَخَرَجَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُتَاجِرًا لَهَا مَعَ غُلَامٍ لَهَا اسْمُهُ مَيْسَرَةُ فَرَآهُ مِنْهُ مِنَ الْآيَاتِ الْعَجَبَ الَّذِي بِهِ تَحَدَّثَ إِلَى خَدِيجَةَ ؓ، فَوَقَعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ خَدِيجَةَ ؓ مَوْقِعَهُ وَرَغِبَتْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَتَوَسَّمَتْ فِيهِ الْخَيْرَ وَالْبَرَكَةَ وَالشَّأْنَ الْعَظِيمَ فَتَزَوَّجَهَا النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَلَمْ يَتَزَوَّجْ عَلَيْهَا غَيْرَهَا حَتَّى مَاتَتْ ؓ. وَرَزَقَهُ اللهَ مِنْهَا ؓ كُلَّ الْوَلَدِ إِلَّا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ابْنَهُ ﷺ.
Translation
✧ THE BIRTH OF OUR MASTER MUḤAMMAD ﷺ AND HIS GUARDIANSHIP: The Jews reported the birth of our master Muḥammad on the day of his birth, and they passed this on among themselves. Numerous signs occurred at his birth ﷺ, among them the idols falling on their faces, the overflowing of the Tigris, the trembling of the palace of Chosroes, the falling of the battlements of his palace, the extinguishing of the fires, and the chief mobed seeing refractory camels leading purebred horses that had crossed the Tigris and spread through their lands. He was born ﷺ on Monday in the month of Rabīʿ al-Awwal, after twelve nights of it had passed — though other dates are also mentioned — in the Year of the Elephant, or, as some say, on the day when the birds of the flocks (abābīl) were sent against them. His grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib named him Muḥammad. When asked about the reason for the name, he said: “I wanted God to praise him in heaven and His creatures on earth.” His nurse was Umm Ayman, whose name was Barakah. Thuwaybah, the freedwoman of his uncle Abū Lahab, suckled him before Ḥalīmah al-Saʿdiyyah; then Ḥalīmah al-Saʿdiyyah suckled him. Blessed signs occurred for her through the blessing of taking him and suckling him ﷺ, and blessing and goodness pervaded her home. The incident of the splitting of his chest by the angel occurred to him ﷺ while he was in her care ﷺ, under the protection of God, glorified be He, so she returned him ﷺ to his mother. He remained in the care of his mother ﷺ and his grandfather until, when he reached six years of age, she took him to his maternal uncles, the Banū ʿAdī b. al-Najjār, in Madinah. She died while returning, at al-Abwāʾ, and Umm Ayman ؓ was with her. After her, his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib took charge of him. He feared for him because of what had reached him from the words of the People of the Book that he was the Prophet of this nation. When the Messenger of Allah ﷺ reached eight years of age, his grandfather ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib died. His daughters mourned him in verse. Al-ʿAbbās b. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib took charge of Zamzam and the watering duty, being the youngest of his siblings, and it remained with him until the Messenger of Allah ﷺ confirmed it for him after Islam. When ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib died, he entrusted the Prophet ﷺ to his uncle Abū Ṭālib, who took charge of his affairs and loved him with intense love. Abū Ṭālib knew the blessing of the Prophet ﷺ in his childhood. He traveled with him to Syria, and the monk Baḥīrā saw him with him. There occurred between them a story containing the glad tidings of him ﷺ and his fear for him from the Jews. The Prophet ﷺ grew up before prophethood upon the finest and best of morals. He was the most truthful of the people, the greatest of them in trustworthiness, and the furthest of them from lewdness. God protected him from every vice. The people of his time recognized his virtue, and they used to seek his judgment ﷺ and entrust things to him. Abū Ṭālib once prayed for rain through him after Makkah suffered drought. About him he said: And a fair-faced one by whose face the clouds are asked for rain, a supporter of orphans, a protector of widows; the destitute of the clan of Hāshim take refuge with him, and they are with him in favor and bounty. When the Prophet ﷺ reached twenty-five years of age, Khadījah bt. Khuwaylid was a woman of sound judgment and a merchant who hired men on her wealth as a speculative partnership. When she heard of the trustworthiness, truthfulness, and virtue of the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, she desired that he trade for her on condition that she give him better than what she gave anyone else. The Prophet ﷺ accepted. He went out trading for her with a servant of hers named Maysarah, who saw from him wondrous signs about which he spoke to Khadījah ؓ. This made an impression on Khadījah ؓ, and she desired the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, seeing in him goodness, blessing, and a great future. So the Prophet ﷺ married her, and he married no other woman besides her until she died ؓ. God granted him from her ؓ all his children except Ibrāhīm, his son ﷺ.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.