Tarikh (al-Tabari) 57
The story of the creation of Adam (peace be upon him)
ثم أَخَذَ آدَمَ فِي الْبُكَاءِ إِلَى أَنْ نَزَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ التَّوْبَةُ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بَكَى آدَمُ وَحَوَّاءُ عَلَى مَا فَاتَهُمَا مِنْ نَعَمِ الْجَنَّةُ مِائَتَيْ سَنَةٍ، لَمْ يَأْكُلَا وَلَمْ يَشْرَبَا أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْمًا، وَلَمْ يَقْرُبْ آدَمُ حَوَّاءَ مِائَةَ سَنَةٍ. عَنِ الْحَسَنِ، قَالَ: أُهْبِطَ آدَمُ [مِنَ] الْجَنَّةِ فَبَكَى ثَلَاثَمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ لَا يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ إِلَى السَّمَاءِ وَلَا يَلْتَفِتُ إِلَى الْمَرْأَةِ وَلَا يَضَعُ يَدَهُ عَلَيْهَا. وعَنْ وَهْبِ بْنِ مُنَبِّهٍ، قَالَ: أَوْحَى اللَّهُ إِلَى آدَمَ: يَا آدَمُ مَا هَذِهِ الْكَآبَةُ الَّتِي بِوَجْهِكَ وَالْبَلِيَّةُ الَّتِي قَدْ أَحَاطَتْ بِكَ؟ قَالَ: خُرُوجِي مِنْ دَارِ الْبَقَاءِ إِلَى دَارِ الْفَنَاءِ، مِنْ دَارِ النِّعَمِ إِلَى دَارِ الشَّقَاءِ. قَالَ: ثُمَّ إِنَّ آدَمَ سَجَدَ سَجْدَةً عَلَى جَبَلِ الْهِنْدِ مِائَةَ عَامٍ يَبْكِي حَتَّى جَرَتِ دُمُوعُهُ فِي وَادِي سَرَنْدِيبَ، فَأَنْبَتَ اللَّهُ لِذَلِكَ الْوَادِي مِنْ دُمُوعِ آدَمَ الدَّارَ صِينِيَّ وَالْقَرَنْفُلَ، وَجَعَلَ طَيْرَ ذَلِكَ الْوَادِي الطَّوَاوِيسَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّ جِبْرِيلَ أَتَاهُ فَقَالَ: يَا آدَمُ ارْفَعْ رَأْسَكَ فَقَدْ غُفِرَ لَكَ، فَرَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ وَسَارَ آدَمُ إِلَى الْبَيْتِ لِيَحُجَّهُ، وَيَتُوبَ عِنْدَهُ، فأَتَى الْبَيْتَ فَطَافَ أُسْبُوعًا فَمَا أَتَمَّهُ حَتَّى خَاضَ فِي دُمُوعِهِ إِلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ ثُمَّ أَتَى مَوْضِعَ الْمَقَامِ وَصَلَّى فِيهِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ، وَبَكَى حَتَّى جَرَتْ دُمُوعُهُ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ. قبول توبة آدم قُلْتُ: وَكَانَ السَّبَبُ فِي قَبُولِ تَوْبَةِ آدَمَ أَنَّهُ تَلَقَّى كَلِمَاتٍ فَقَالَهَا فَتِيبَ عَلَيْهِ، وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ . وَاخْتَلَفَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ فِي تِلْكَ الْكَلِمَاتِ عَلَى وُجُوهٍ قَدْ ذَكَرْنَاهَا فِي التَّفْسِيرِ، وَالَّذِي نَخْتَارُهُ مِنَ الْأَقْوَالِ. ما جاء عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ: فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ . قَالَ: هُوَ قَوْلُهُ: رَبَّنَا ظَلَمْنَا أَنْفُسَنَا وَإِنْ لَمْ تَغْفِرْ لَنَا... إِلَى آخِرَ الْآيَةِ. قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى آدَمَ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ. وقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي نَجِيحٍ: عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ قَالَ: الْكَلِمَاتُ: اللَّهُمَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَبِحَمْدِكَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ خَيْرُ الْغَافِرِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَبِحَمْدِكَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَاغْفِرْ لِي إِنَّكَ خَيْرُ الرَّاحِمِينَ، اللَّهُمَّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ سُبْحَانَكَ وَبِحَمْدِكَ رَبِّ إِنِّي ظَلَمْتُ نَفْسِي فَتُبْ عَلَيَّ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ التَّوَّابُ الرَّحِيمُ. وَرَوَى الْحَاكِمُ فِي مُسْتَدْرَكِهِ مِنْ طَرِيقِ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ فَتَلَقَّى آدَمُ مِنْ رَبِّهِ كَلِمَاتٍ فَتَابَ عَلَيْهِ. قَالَ: قَالَ: آدَمُ يَا رَبِّ أَلَمْ تَخْلُقْنِي بِيَدِكَ. قِيلَ لَهُ: بَلَى. وَنَفَخْتَ فِيَّ مَنْ رُوحِكَ. قِيلَ لَهُ: بَلَى. وَعَطَسْتُ، فَقُلْتَ: يَرْحَمُكَ اللَّهُ، وَسَبَقَتْ رَحْمَتُكَ غَضَبَكَ. قِيلَ لَهُ: بَلَى. وَكَتَبْتَ عَلَيَّ أَنْ أَعْمَلَ هَذَا. قِيلَ لَهُ: بَلَى. قَالَ: أَفَرَأَيْتَ إِنْ تُبْتُ هَلْ أَنْتَ رَاجِعِي إِلَى الْجَنَّةِ ؟. قَالَ: نَعَمْ. ثُمَّ قَالَ الْحَاكِمُ: صَحِيحُ الْإِسْنَادِ، وَلَمْ يُخَرِّجَاهُ. وعَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ الْخَطَّابِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ، ﷺ: لَمَّا اقْتَرَفَ آدَمُ الْخَطِيئَةَ قَالَ: يَا رَبِّ أَسْأَلُكَ بِحَقِّ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَّا غَفَرْتَ لِي. فَقَالَ اللَّهُ: فَكَيْفَ عَرَفْتَ مُحَمَّدًا وَلَمْ أَخْلُقْهُ بَعْدُ. فَقَالَ: يَا رَبِّ لِأَنَّكَ لَمَّا خَلَقْتَنِي بِيَدِكَ، وَنَفَخْتَ فِيَّ مَنْ رُوحِكَ رَفَعْتُ رَأْسِي فَرَأَيْتُ عَلَى قَوَائِمِ الْعَرْشِ مَكْتُوبًا: لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ. فَعَلِمْتُ أَنَّكَ لَمْ تُضِفْ إِلَى اسْمِكَ إِلَّا أَحَبَّ الْخَلْقِ إِلَيْكَ. فَقَالَ اللَّهُ: صَدَقْتَ يَا آدَمُ إِنَّهُ لَأَحَبُّ الْخَلْقِ إِلَيَّ، وَإِذْ سَأَلْتَنِي بِحَقِّهِ فَقَدْ غَفَرْتُ لَكَ، وَلَوْلَا مُحَمَّدٌ مَا خَلَقْتُكَ. قَالَ الْبَيْهَقِيُّ تَفَرَّدَ بِهِ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ مِنْ هَذَا الْوَجْهِ، وَهُوَ ضَعِيفٌ، وَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ Then Adam began to weep until the repentance descended upon him: Ibn ʿAbbās said: Adam and Ḥawwāʾ wept over what had passed them by of the blessings of the Garden for two hundred years; they neither ate nor drank for forty days, and Adam did not approach Ḥawwāʾ for a hundred years. From al-Ḥasan, he said: Adam was sent down [from] the Garden and wept three hundred years, not raising his head to the sky, not turning to the woman, and not placing his hand upon her. From Wahb b. Munabbih, he said: Allah revealed to Adam: O Adam, what is this dejection on your face and the affliction that has surrounded you? He said: My coming out from the abode of permanence to the abode of perishing, from the abode of blessings to the abode of misery. He said: Then Adam prostrated a prostration on the mountain of India for a hundred years, weeping until his tears flowed in the valley of Sarandīb, and Allah caused to grow for that valley from Adam's tears the dār ṣīnī and cloves, and made the birds of that valley peacocks. Then Jibrīl came to him and said: O Adam, raise your head, for you have been forgiven. So he raised his head and Adam traveled to the House to perform the pilgrimage and repent at it. He came to the House and circumambulated a week, and he had not completed it until he waded in his tears up to his knees. Then he came to the place of the Maqām and prayed two rakʿahs in it, and wept until his tears flowed upon the ground. Acceptance of Adam's repentance I say: The reason for the acceptance of Adam's repentance was that he received words and spoke them, and so He turned to him. That is His saying, Exalted be He: "Then Adam received from his Lord words, and He turned to him." The exegetes differed over those words in ways we have mentioned in the commentary, and what we prefer among the statements. From Mujāhid: "Then Adam received from his Lord words." He said: It is his saying: "Our Lord, we have wronged ourselves, and if You do not forgive us..." to the end of the verse. Qatādah said: Allah turned to Adam on the day of ʿĀshūrāʾ. Ibn Abī Najīḥ said: From Mujāhid, he said: The words are: "O Allah, there is no god but You, glory be to You and with Your praise. My Lord, I have wronged myself, so forgive me, for You are the best of forgivers. O Allah, there is no god but You, glory be to You and with Your praise. My Lord, I have wronged myself, so forgive me, for You are the best of the merciful. O Allah, there is no god but You, glory be to You and with Your praise. My Lord, I have wronged myself, so turn to me, for You are the Relenting, the Merciful." Al-Ḥākim narrated in his Mustadrak by way of Saʿīd b. Jubayr, from Ibn ʿAbbās regarding His saying: "Then Adam received from his Lord words, and He turned to him." He said: Adam said, "O Lord, did You not create me with Your hand?" It was said to him, "Yes." "And breathed into me of Your spirit?" It was said to him, "Yes." "And I sneezed, and You said, 'May Allah have mercy on you,' and Your mercy preceded Your anger?" It was said to him, "Yes." "And You decreed that I should do this?" It was said to him, "Yes." He said, "Do You see, if I repent, will You return me to the Garden?" He said, "Yes." Then al-Ḥākim said: The chain is sound, but they did not include it. From ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, he said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: When Adam committed the sin, he said: "O Lord, I ask You by the right of Muḥammad that You forgive me." Allah said: "How did you know Muḥammad when I have not yet created him?" He said: "O Lord, because when You created me with Your hand and breathed into me of Your spirit, I raised my head and saw written on the supports of the Throne: 'There is no god but Allah, Muḥammad is the Messenger of Allah.' So I knew that You would not attach to Your name except the most beloved of creation to You." Allah said: "You have spoken truly, O Adam. He is indeed the most beloved of creation to Me, and since you asked Me by his right, I have forgiven you. Were it not for Muḥammad, I would not have created you." Al-Bayhaqī said: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Zayd b. Aslam was alone in narrating it from this direction, and he is weak, and Allah knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.