Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4370
Then the year 366 AH began
ذِكْرُ ابْتِدَاءِ دَوْلَةِ آلِ سُبُكْتِكِينَ فِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ مَلَكَ سُبُكْتِكِينُ مَدِينَةَ غَزْنَةَ وَأَعْمَالَهَا، وَكَانَ ابْتِدَاءُ أَمْرِهِ أَنَّهُ كَانَ مِنْ غِلْمَانِ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ الْبَتْكِينِ، صَاحِبِ جَيْشِ غَزْنَةَ لِلسَّامَانِيَّةِ، وَكَانَ مُقَدَّمًا عِنْدَهُ، وَعَلَيْهِ مَدَارُ أَمْرِهِ، وَقَدِمَ إِلَى بُخَارَى، أَيَّامَ الْأَمِيرِ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ نُوحٍ، مَعَ أَبِي إِسْحَاقَ، فَعَرَفَهُ أَرْبَابُ تِلْكَ الدَّوْلَةِ بِالْعَقْلِ، وَالْعِفَّةِ، وَجَوْدَةِ الرَّأْيِ وَالصَّرَامَةِ، وَعَادَ مَعَهُ إِلَى غَزْنَةَ، فَلَمْ يَلْبَثْ أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَنْ تُوُفِّيَ، وَلَمْ يُخَلِّفْ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَأَقَارِبِهِ مَنْ يَصْلُحُ لِلتَّقَدُّمِ، فَاجْتَمَعَ عَسْكَرُهُ وَنَظَرُوا فِيمَنْ يَلِي أَمْرَهُمْ، وَيَجْمَعُ كَلِمَتَهُمْ، فَاخْتَلَفُوا ثُمَّ اتَّفَقُوا عَلَى سُبُكْتِكِينَ، لِمَا عَرَفُوهُ مِنْ عَقْلِهِ، وَدِينِهِ، وَمُرُوءَتِهِ، وَكَمَالِ خِلَالِ الْخَيْرِ فِيهِ، فَقَدَّمُوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ، وَوَلَّوْهُ أَمْرَهُمْ، وَحَلَفُوا لَهُ وَأَطَاعُوهُ فَوَلِيَهُمْ وَأَحْسَنَ السِّيرَةَ فِيهِمْ، وَسَاسَ أُمُورَهُمْ سِيَاسَةً حَسَنَةً، وَجَعَلَ نَفْسَهُ كَأَحَدِهِمْ فِي الْحَالِ وَالْمَالِ، وَكَانَ يَذَّخِرُ مِنْ أَقَطَاعِهِ مَا يَعْمَلُ مِنْهُ طَعَامًا لَهُمْ فِي كُلِّ أُسْبُوعٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ جَمَعَ الْعَسَاكِرَ وَسَارَ نَحْوَ الْهِنْدِ مُجَاهِدًا، وَجَرَى بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْهُنُودِ حُرُوبٌ يَشِيبُ لَهَا الْوَلِيدُ، وَكَشَفَ بِلَادَهُمْ، وَشَنَّ الْغَارَاتِ عَلَيْهَا، وَطَمِعَ فِيهَا، وَخَافَهُ الْهُنُودُ، فَفَتَحَ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ حُصُونًا وَمَعَاقِلَ، وَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ مَا لَا يَدْخُلُ تَحْتَ الْإِحْصَاءِ. وَاتُّفِقَ لَهُ فِي بَعْضِ غَزَوَاتِهِ أَنَّ الْهُنُودَ اجْتَمَعُوا فِي خَلْقٍ كَثِيرٍ، وَطَاوَلُوهُ الْأَيَّامَ، وَمَاطَلُوهُ الْقِتَالَ، فَعَدِمَ الزَّادُ عِنْدَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَعَجَزُوا عَنِ الِامْتِيَارِ، فَشَكَوْا إِلَيْهِ مَا هُمْ فِيهِ، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنِّي اسْتَصْحَبْتُ لِنَفْسِي شَيْئًا مِنَ السَّوِيقِ اسْتِظْهَارًا، وَأَنَا أَقْسِمُهُ بَيْنَكُمْ قِسْمَةً عَادِلَةً عَلَى السَّوَاءِ إِلَى أَنْ يَمُنَّ اللَّهُ بِالْفَرَجِ، فَكَانَ يُعْطِي كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ مِنْهُمْ مِلْءَ قَدَحٍ مَعَهُ، وَيَأْخُذُ لِنَفْسِهِ مِثْلَ أَحَدِهِمْ، فَيَجْتَزِئُ بِهِ يَوْمًا وَلَيْلَةً، وَهُمْ مَعَ ذَلِكَ يُقَاتِلُونَ الْكُفَّارَ، فَرَزَقَهُمُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمُ النَّصْرَ عَلَيْهِمْ وَالظَّفَرَ بِهِمْ، فَقَتَلُوا مِنْهُمْ وَأَسَرُوا خَلْقًا كَثِيرًا. ذِكْرُ وِلَايَةِ سُبُكْتِكِينَ عَلَى قُصْدَارَ وَبُسْتَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ سُبُكْتِكِينَ عَظُمَ شَأْنُهُ، وَارْتَفَعَ قَدْرُهُ، وَحَسُنَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ ذِكْرُهُ، وَتَعَلَّقَتِ الْأَطْمَاعُ بِالِاسْتِعَانَةِ بِهِ، فَأَتَاهُ بَعْضُ الْأُمَرَاءِ الْكِبَارِ، وَهُوَ صَاحِبُ بُسْتَ وَاسْمُهُ طَغَانُ، مُسْتَعِينًا بِهِ مُسْتَنْصِرًا. وَسَبَبُ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ خَرَجَ عَلَيْهِ أَمِيرٌ يُعْرَفُ بِبَابِي تُورَ، فَمَلَكَ مَدِينَةَ بُسْتَ عَلَيْهِ، وَأَجْلَاهُ عَنْهَا بَعْدَ حَرْبٍ شَدِيدَةٍ، فَقَصَدَ سُبُكْتِكِينَ مُسْتَنْصِرًا بِهِ، وَضَمِنَ لَهُ مَالًا مُقَرَّرًا، وَطَاعَةً يَبْذُلُهَا لَهُ، فَتَجَهَّزَ وَسَارَ مَعَهُ حَتَّى نَزَلَ عَلَى بُسْتَ وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ بَابِي تُورُ فَقَاتَلَهُ قِتَالًا شَدِيدًا، ثُمَّ انْهَزَمَ بَابِي تُورُ وَتَفَرَّقَ هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ وَتَسَلَّمَ طَغَانُ الْبَلَدَ. فَلَمَّا اسْتَقَرَّ فِيهِ طَالَبَهُ سُبُكْتِكِينَ بِمَا اسْتَقَرَّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الْمَالِ، فَأَخَذَ فِي الْمَطْلِ، فَأَغْلَظَ لَهُ فِي الْقَوْلِ لِكَثْرَةِ مَطْلِهِ، فَحَمَلَ طَغَانُ جَهْلَهُ عَلَى أَنْ سَلَّ السَّيْفَ فَضَرَبَ يَدَ سُبُكْتِكِينَ فَجَرَحَهَا، فَأَخَذَ سُبُكْتِكِينُ السَّيْفَ وَضَرَبَهُ أَيْضًا فَجَرَحَهُ، وَحَجَزَ الْعَسْكَرُ بَيْنَهُمَا، وَقَامَتِ الْحَرْبُ عَلَى سَاقٍ، فَانْهَزَمَ طَغَانُ وَاسْتَوْلَى سُبُكْتِكِينُ عَلَى بُسْتَ. ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ سَارَ إِلَى قُصْدَارَ، وَكَانَ مُتَوَلِّيهَا قَدْ عَصَى عَلَيْهِ لِصُعُوبَةِ مَسَالِكِهَا، وَحَصَانَتِهَا، وَظَنَّ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ يَمْنَعُهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِ جَرِيدَةً مُجِدًّا، فَلَمْ يَشْعُرْ إِلَّا وَالْخَيْلُ مَعَهُ، فَأُخِذَ مِنْ دَارِهِ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ مَنَّ عَلَيْهِ وَرَدَّهُ إِلَى وِلَايَتِهِ، وَقَرَّرَ عَلَيْهِ مَالًا يَحْمِلُهُ إِلَيْهِ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the beginning of the dynasty of the house of Subuktigīn In this year, Subuktigīn took possession of the city of Ghaznah and its dependencies. The beginning of his affair was that he was one of the ghulāms of Abū Isḥāq b. al-Batkīn, commander of the army of Ghaznah on behalf of the Samanids. He was a leading man with him, and the management of his affairs revolved around him. He came to Bukhārā in the days of the amīr Manṣūr b. Nūḥ together with Abū Isḥāq. The men of that state came to know him for intelligence, chastity, sound judgment, and resoluteness. He returned with him to Ghaznah, and Abū Isḥāq did not remain long before he died. He left no one among his family and relatives fit to take command. His army gathered and considered who should take charge of their affairs and unite their word. They disagreed, then agreed upon Subuktigīn because of what they knew of his intelligence, his religion, his manliness, and the completeness of the qualities of good in him. They set him over them, entrusted their affairs to him, swore allegiance to him, and obeyed him. He governed them and behaved well among them, and he managed their affairs with good governance. He made himself like one of them in condition and property. He used to set aside from his fiefs what he would make into food for them twice every week. Then he gathered the armies and marched toward India as a warrior for the faith. Wars took place between him and the Indians that would turn a newborn's hair gray. He laid bare their lands, launched raids upon them, coveted them, and the Indians feared him. He conquered fortresses and strongholds in their lands and killed of them a number beyond counting. It happened in one of his expeditions that the Indians gathered in a great multitude, drew him out over many days, and delayed battle. Provisions ran out among the Muslims, and they were unable to procure supplies. They complained to him of what they were suffering. He said to them, "I have kept something of dried barley meal with me for myself as a reserve, and I will divide it among you in an equitable division, equally, until God grants relief." He would give each man among them a full cup that he had with him, and he would take for himself the like of one of them, and would make do with it for a day and a night. Meanwhile, they fought the infidels. God granted them victory over them and triumph over them, and they killed many of them and took many captives. Mention of Subuktigīn's governorship over Quṣdār and Bust Then Subuktigīn's importance grew great, his rank rose, his reputation among the people became good, and hopes attached to seeking his aid. A certain great amīr, the lord of Bust, whose name was Ṭaghān, came to him seeking his aid and asking for his support. The reason for that was that an amīr known as Bābī Tūr rose against him, took the city of Bust from him, and expelled him from it after a fierce war. He sought out Subuktigīn seeking his support, and guaranteed him a fixed sum of money and obedience that he would offer him. He made ready and marched with him until he encamped at Bust. Bābī Tūr came out against him and fought him a hard fight. Then Bābī Tūr was defeated, and he and his companions scattered, and Ṭaghān took possession of the town. When he was settled in it, Subuktigīn demanded of him the money that had been agreed upon. He began to procrastinate, so Subuktigīn spoke harshly to him because of his repeated procrastination. Ṭaghān's ignorance drove him to draw his sword and strike Subuktigīn's hand, wounding it. Subuktigīn took the sword and also struck him, wounding him. The army intervened between them. War broke out in full force, Ṭaghān was defeated, and Subuktigīn took control of Bust. Then he marched to Quṣdār. Its governor had rebelled against him because of the difficulty of its routes and its fortification, and he thought that would protect him. He marched against him with a light, swift force, and the governor was unaware until the cavalry was upon him. He was seized in his house. Then Subuktigīn pardoned him and restored him to his governorship, and imposed on him a sum of money to be delivered to him every year.
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