Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4367
Then the year 366 AH began
ذِكْرُ ظُهُورِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ بِقُرْطُبَةَ وَفِي سَنَةِ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ ظَهَرَ بِقُرْطُبَةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّاصِرِ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ الْأُمَوِيِّ، وَمَعَهُ اثْنَا عَشَرَ رَجُلًا، فَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ. وَكَانَ ظُهُورُهُ سَلْخَ جُمَادَى الْآخِرَةِ، وَتَلَقَّبَ بِالْمَهْدِيِّ بِاللَّهِ، وَمَلَكَ قُرْطُبَةَ، وَأَخَذَ الْمُؤَيَّدَ فَحَبَسَهُ مَعَهُ فِي الْقَصْرِ، ثُمَّ أَخْرَجَهُ وَأَخْفَاهُ، وَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ مَاتَ. وَكَانَ قَدْ مَاتَ إِنْسَانٌ نَصْرَانِيٌّ يُشْبِهُ الْمُؤَيَّدَ، فَأَبْرَزَهُ لِلنَّاسِ فِي شَعْبَانَ مِنْ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ، وَذَكَرَ لَهُمْ أَنَّهُ الْمُؤَيَّدُ، فَلَمْ يَشُكُّوا فِي مَوْتِهِ، وَصَلَّوْا عَلَيْهِ، وَدَفَنُوهُ فِي مَقَابِرِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَظْهَرَهُ، عَلَى مَا نَذْكُرُهُ، وَأَكْذَبَ نَفْسَهُ، فَكَانَتْ مُدَّةُ وِلَايَةِ الْمُؤَيَّدِ هَذِهِ إِلَى أَنْ حُبِسَ ثَلَاثًا وَثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَأَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَنَقَمَ النَّاسُ عَلَى ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ أَشْيَاءَ مِنْهَا أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَعْمَلُ النَّبِيذَ فِي قَصْرِهِ، فَسَمَّوْهُ نَبَّاذًا، وَمِنْهَا فِعْلُهُ بِالْمُؤَيَّدِ، وَأَنَّهُ كَانَ كَذَّابًا، مُتَلَوِّنًا، مُبْغِضًا لِلْبَرْبَرِ، فَانْقَلَبَ النَّاسُ عَلَيْهِ. ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ هِشَامِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ لَمَّا اسْتَوْحَشَ أَهْلُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ مِنِ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَأَبْغَضُوهُ، قَصَدُوا هِشَامَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ النَّاصِرِ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ، فَأَخْرَجُوهُ مِنْ دَارِهِ، وَبَايَعُوهُ، فَتَلَقَّبَ بِالرَّشِيدِ، وَذَلِكَ لِأَرْبَعٍ بَقِينَ مِنْ شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ [ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ ]، وَاجْتَمَعُوا بِظَاهِرِ قُرْطُبَةَ، وَحَصَرُوا ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَتَرَدَّدَتِ الرُّسُلُ بَيْنَهُمْ لِيَخْلَعَ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ مِنَ الْمُلْكِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَمِّنَهُ وَأَهْلَهُ ( وَجَمِيعَ أَصْحَابِهِ ). ثُمَّ إِنَّ ابْنَ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ جَمَعَ أَصْحَابَهُ وَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِمْ فَقَاتَلَهُمْ، فَانْهَزَمَ هِشَامٌ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَأُخِذَ هِشَامٌ أَسِيرًا فَقَتَلَهُ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَقَتَلَ مَعَهُ عِدَّةً مِنْ قُوَّادِهِ، اسْتَقَرَّ أَمْرُ ابْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَكَانَ عَمَّ هِشَامٍ. ذِكْرُ خُرُوجِ سُلَيْمَانَ عَلَيْهِ أَيْضًا وَلَمَّا قَتَلَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ هِشَامَ بْنَ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ نَاصِرٍ وَانْهَزَمَ أَصْحَابُهُ، انْهَزَمَ مَعَهُمْ سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ الْحَاكِمِ بْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ نَاصِرٍ، وَهُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي هِشَامٍ الْمَقْتُولِ، فَبَايَعَهُ أَصْحَابُ عَمِّهِ، وَأَكْثَرُهُمُ الْبَرْبَرُ، بَعْدَ الْوَقْعَةِ بِيَوْمَيْنِ، وَلَقَّبُوهُ الْمُسْتَعِينَ بِاللَّهِ، ثُمَّ لُقِّبَ بِالظَّاهِرِ بِاللَّهِ، وَسَارُوا إِلَى النَّصَارَى فَصَالَحُوهُمْ وَاسْتَنْجَدُوهُمْ وَأَنْجَدُوهُمْ، وَسَارُوا مَعَهُمْ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، فَاقْتَتَلُوا هُمْ وَابْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بِقَنْتِيجَ، وَهِيَ الْوَقْعَةُ الْمَشْهُورَةُ غَزَوْا فِيهَا وَقُتِلَ مَا لَا يُحْصَى، فَانْهَزَمَ ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ، وَتَحَصَّنَ بِقَصْرِ قُرْطُبَةَ، وَدَخَلَ سُلَيْمَانُ الْبَلَدَ، وَحَصَرَهُ فِي الْقَصْرِ. فَلَمَّا رَأَى ابْنُ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ مَا نَزَلَ بِهِ أَظْهَرَ الْمُؤَيَّدَ ظَنًّا مِنْهُ أَنَّهُ ( يُخْلَعُ هُوَ وَسُلَيْمَانُ وَيَرْجِعُ الْأَمْرُ إِلَى الْمُؤَيَّدِ، فَلَمْ يُوَافِقْهُ أَحَدٌ ظَنًّا مِنْهُمْ أَنَّ ) الْمُؤَيِّدَ قَدْ مَاتَ. فَلَمَّا أَعْيَاهُ الْأَمْرُ احْتَالَ فِي الْهَرَبِ، فَهَرَبَ سِرًّا وَاخْتَفَى، وَدَخَلَ سُلَيْمَانُ الْقَصْرَ، وَبَايَعَهُ النَّاسُ بِالْخِلَافَةِ فِي شَوَّالٍ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعِمِائَةٍ، وَبَقِيَ بِقُرْطُبَةَ أَيَّامًا، وَكَانَ عِدَّةُ الْقَتْلَى بِقَنْتِيجَ نَحْوَ خَمْسَةٍ وَثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفًا، وَأَغَارَ الْبَرْبَرُ وَالرُّومُ عَلَى قُرْطُبَةَ فَنَهَبُوا وَسَبَوْا وَأَسَرُوا عَدَدًا عَظِيمًا.
Translation
✧ Mention of the appearance of Muḥammad b. Hishām in Cordoba In the year three hundred ninety-nine, Muḥammad b. Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh al-Umawī appeared in Cordoba, and with him were twelve men, and the people pledged allegiance to him. His appearance was on the last day of Jumādā al-Ākhirah, and he took the title al-Mahdī bi-llāh. He took possession of Cordoba, seized al-Muʾayyad and imprisoned him with himself in the palace. Then he brought him out and concealed him, and made it known that he had died. A Christian man had died who resembled al-Muʾayyad, so he displayed him to the people in Shaʿbān of that year, and told them that he was al-Muʾayyad. They did not doubt his death, prayed over him, and buried him in the Muslim cemetery. Then he brought him out, as we shall mention, and declared himself a liar. The period of al-Muʾayyad's rule up to his imprisonment was thirty-three years and four months. The people condemned Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār for several things, among them that he made nabīdh in his palace, so they called him "Nabbādh" (wine-maker). Among them was his treatment of al-Muʾayyad, and that he was a liar, fickle, and hated the Berbers, so the people turned against him. Mention of the revolt of Hishām b. Sulaymān against him When the people of al-Andalus became fearful of Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār and hated him, they approached Hishām b. Sulaymān b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh, brought him out of his house, and pledged allegiance to him. He took the title al-Rashīd. This was on the twenty-seventh of Shawwāl in the year three hundred ninety-nine. They gathered outside Cordoba and besieged Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār. Messengers went back and forth between them, proposing that Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār abdicate in return for safety for himself, his family, and all his followers. Then Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār gathered his followers and went out against them, and fought them. Hishām and his followers were defeated. Hishām was taken prisoner and Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār killed him, along with a number of his commanders. Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār's rule was established, and he was Hishām's paternal uncle. Mention of the revolt of Sulaymān against him also When Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār killed Hishām b. Sulaymān b. Nāṣir and his followers were defeated, Sulaymān b. al-Ḥakam b. Sulaymān b. Nāṣir fled with them. He was the son of the brother of Hishām who was killed. His uncle's followers, most of them Berbers, pledged allegiance to him two days after the battle, and titled him al-Mustaʿīn bi-llāh. Later he was titled al-Ẓāhir bi-llāh. They marched against the Christians, made a truce with them, sought their aid, and they assisted them. They marched with them to Cordoba. They fought Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār at Qantīja, the famous battle in which they raided and countless were killed. Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār was defeated and fortified himself in the palace of Cordoba. Sulaymān entered the city and besieged him in the palace. When Ibn ʿAbd al-Jabbār saw what had befallen him, he brought out al-Muʾayyad, thinking that he himself and Sulaymān would be deposed and authority would return to al-Muʾayyad. But no one agreed with him, because they believed that al-Muʾayyad had died. When the matter became hopeless, he contrived to flee, and he fled secretly and hid. Sulaymān entered the palace and the people pledged allegiance to him as caliph in Shawwāl of the year four hundred. He remained in Cordoba for some days. The number killed at Qantīja was about thirty-five thousand. The Berbers and the Byzantines raided Cordoba, looting, taking captives, and enslaving a great number.
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