Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4366
Then the year 366 AH began
ذِكْرُ وَفَاةِ الْحَاكِمِ وَوِلَايَةِ ابْنِهِ هِشَامٍ وَفِي هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ تُوُفِّيَ الْحَاكِمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُسْتَنْصِرُ بِاللَّهِ الْأُمَوِيُّ، صَاحِبُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ، وَكَانَتْ إِمَارَتُهُ خَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً وَخَمْسَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَعُمْرُهُ ثَلَاثًا وَسِتِّينَ سَنَةً وَسَبْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ، وَكَانَ أَصْهَبَ أَعْيَنَ، أَقْنَى، عَظِيمَ الصَّوْتِ، ضَخْمَ الْجِسْمِ، أَفْقَمَ، وَكَانَ مُحِبًّا لِأَهْلِ الْعِلْمِ، عَالِمًا فَقِيهًا فِي الْمَذَاهِبِ، عَالِمًا بِالْأَنْسَابِ وَالتَّوَارِيخِ، جَمَّاعًا لِلْكُتُبِ وَالْعُلَمَاءِ، مُكْرِمًا لَهُمْ، مُحْسِنًا إِلَيْهِمْ، أَحْضَرَهُمْ مِنَ الْبُلْدَانِ الْبَعِيدَةِ لِيَسْتَفِيدَ مِنْهُمْ وَيُحْسِنَ إِلَيْهِمْ. وَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ وَلِيَ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ هِشَامٌ بِعَهْدِ أَبِيهِ، وَلَهُ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ، وَلُقِّبَ الْمُؤَيَّدَ بِاللَّهِ، وَاخْتَلَفَتِ الْبِلَادُ فِي أَيَّامِهِ، وَأُخِذَ وَحُبِسَ، ثُمَّ عَادَ إِلَى الْإِمَارَةِ. وَسَبَبُهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا وَلِيَ الْمُؤَيَّدُ تَحَجَّبَ لَهُ الْمَنْصُورُ أَبُو عَامِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عَامِرٍ الْمَعَافِرِيُّ ، وَابْنَاهُ الْمُظَفَّرُ وَالنَّاصِرُ، فَلَمَّا حَجَبَ لَهُ أَبُو عَامِرٍ حَجَبَهُ عَنِ النَّاسِ، فَلَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَدٌ يَرَاهُ وَلَا يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ، وَقَامَ بِأَمْرِ دَوْلَتِهِ الْقِيَامَ الْمَرْضِيَّ، وَعَدَلَ فِي الرَّعِيَّةِ، وَأَقْبَلَتِ الدُّنْيَا إِلَيْهِ، وَاشْتَغَلَ بِالْغَزْوِ، وَفَتَحَ مِنْ بِلَادِ الْأَعْدَاءِ كَثِيرًا، وَامْتَلَأَتْ بِلَادُ الْأَنْدَلُسِ بِالْغَنَائِمِ وَالرَّقِيقِ، وَجَعَلَ أَكْثَرَ جُنْدِهِ مِنْهُمْ كَوَاضِحٍ الْفَتَى وَغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْمَشْهُورِينَ، وَكَانُوا يُعْرَفُونَ بِالْعَامِرِيِّينَ. ( وَأَدَامَ اللَّهُ ) لَهُ الْحَالَ سِتًّا وَعِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، غَزَا فِيهَا اثْنَتَيْنِ وَخَمْسِينَ غَزَاةً مَا بَيْنَ صَائِفَةٍ وَشَاتِيَةٍ، وَتُوُفِّيَ سَنَةَ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَتِسْعِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، وَكَانَ حَازِمًا، قَوِيَّ الْعَزْمِ، كَثِيرَ الْعَدْلِ وَالْإِحْسَانِ، حَسَنَ السِّيَاسَةِ. فَمِنْ مَحَاسِنِ أَعْمَالِهِ: أَنَّهُ دَخَلَ بِلَادَ الْفِرِنْجِ غَازِيًا، فَجَازَ الدَّرْبَ إِلَيْهَا، وَهُوَ مَضِيقٌ بَيْنَ جَبَلَيْنِ، وَأَوْغَلَ فِي بِلَادِ الْفِرِنْجِ يَسْبِي، وَيُخَرِّبُ، وَيَغْنَمُ، فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ الْخُرُوجَ رَآهُمْ قَدْ سَدُّوا الدَّرْبَ وَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ يَحْفَظُونَهُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، فَأَظْهَرَ أَنَّهُ يُرِيدُ الْمُقَامَ فِي بِلَادِهِمْ، وَشَرَعَ هُوَ وَعَسْكَرُهُ فِي عِمَارَةِ الْمَسَاكِنِ وَزَرْعِ الْغَلَّاتِ، وَأَحْضَرُوا الْحَطَبَ، وَالتِّبْنَ، وَالْمِيرَةَ، وَمَا يَحْتَاجُونَ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا عَزْمَهُ عَلَى الْمُقَامِ مَالُوا إِلَى السِّلْمِ، فَرَاسَلُوهُ فِي تَرْكِ الْغَنَائِمِ وَالْجَوَازِ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ، فَقَالَ: أَنَا عَازِمٌ عَلَى الْمُقَامِ، فَتَرَكُوا لَهُ الْغَنَائِمَ، فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُمْ إِلَى الصُّلْحِ، فَبَذَلُوا لَهُ مَالًا، وَدَوَابَّ تَحْمِلُ لَهُ مَا غَنِمَهُ مِنْ بِلَادِهِمْ، فَأَجَابَهُمْ إِلَى الصُّلْحِ، وَفَتَحُوا الدَّرْبَ، فَجَازَ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ. وَكَانَ أَصْلُهُ مِنَ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْخَضْرَاءِ، وَوَرَدَ شَابًّا إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ، طَالِبًا لِلْعِلْمِ وَالْأَدَبِ وَسَمَاعِ الْحَدِيثِ، فَبَرَعَ فِيهَا وَتَمَيَّزَ، ثُمَّ تَعَلَّقَ بِخِدْمَةِ صُبْحَ وَالِدَةِ الْمُؤَيَّدِ، وَعَظُمَ مَحَلُّهُ عِنْدَهَا، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ الْحَاكِمُ الْمُسْتَنْصِرُ كَانَ الْمُؤَيَّدُ صَغِيرًا، فَخِيفَ عَلَى الْمُلْكِ أَنْ يَخْتَلَّ، فَضَمِنَ لِصُبْحَ سُكُونَ الْبِلَادِ، وَزَوَالَ الْخَوْفِ، وَكَانَ قَوِيَّ النَّفْسِ، وَسَاعَدَتْهُ الْمَقَادِيرُ، وَأَمَدَّتْهُ الْأُمَرَاءُ بِالْأَمْوَالِ، فَاسْتَمَالَ الْعَسَاكِرَ، وَجَرَتِ الْأُمُورُ عَلَى أَحْسَنِ نِظَامٍ. وَكَانَتْ أُمُّهُ تَمِيمِيَّةً، وَأَبُوهُ مَعَافِرِيًّا، بَطْنٌ مِنْ حِمْيَرَ، فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ وَلِيَ بَعْدَهُ ابْنُهُ عَبْدُ الْمَلِكِ الْمُلَقَّبُ بِالْمُظَفَّرِ، فَسَارَ كَسَيْرَةِ أَبِيهِ، وَتُوَفِّيَ سُنَّةَ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، فَكَانَتْ وِلَايَتُهُ سَبْعَ سِنِينَ. وَكَانَ سَبَبُ مَوْتِهِ أَنَّ أَخَاهُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ سَمَّهُ فِي تُفَّاحَةٍ قَطَعَهَا بِسِكِّينٍ كَانَ قَدْ سَمَّ أَحَدَ جَانِبَيْهَا، فَنَاوَلَ أَخَاهُ مَا يَلِي الْجَانِبَ الْمَسْمُومَ، وَأَخَذَ هُوَ مَا يَلِي الْجَانِبَ الصَّحِيحَ، فَأَكَلَهُ بِحَضْرَتِهِ، فَاطْمَأَنَّ الْمُظَفَّرُ، وَأَكَلَ مَا بِيَدِهِ مِنْهَا فَمَاتَ. فَلَمَّا تُوُفِّيَ وَلِي بَعْدَهُ أَخُوهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ الْمُلَقَّبُ بِالنَّاصِرِ، فَسَلَكَ غَيْرَ طَرِيقِ أَبِيهِ وَأَخِيهِ، وَأَخَذَ فِي الْمُجُونِ، وَشُرْبِ الْخُمُورِ، وَغَيْرِ ذَلِكَ، ثُمَّ دَسَّ إِلَى الْمُؤَيَّدِ مَنْ خَوَّفَهُ مِنْهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلْهُ وَلِيَّ عَهْدِهِ، فَفَعَلَ ذَلِكَ، فَحَقَدَ النَّاسُ وَبَنُو أُمَيَّةَ عَلَيْهِ ذَلِكَ، وَأَبْغَضُوهُ، وَتَحَرَّكُوا فِي أَمْرِهِ إِلَى أَنْ قُتِلَ. وَغَزَا شَاتِيَةً، وَأَوْغَلَ فِي بِلَادِ الْجَلَالِقَةِ، فَلَمْ يُقْدِمْ مَلِكُهَا عَلَى لِقَائِهِ، وَتَحَصَّنَ مِنْهُ فِي رُءُوسِ الْجِبَالِ، وَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ عَلَى اتِّبَاعِهِ لِزِيَادَةِ الْأَنْهَارِ، وَكَثْرَةِ الثُّلُوجِ، فَأَثْخَنَ فِي الْبِلَادِ الَّتِي وَطِئَهَا، وَخَرَجَ مَوْفُورًا، فَبَلَغَهُ فِي طَرِيقِهِ ظُهُورُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِشَامِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ بْنِ النَّاصِرِ لِدِينِ اللَّهِ بِقُرْطُبَةَ، وَاسْتِيلَاؤُهُ عَلَيْهَا وَأَخْذُهُ الْمُؤَيَّدَ أَسِيرًا، فَتَفَرَّقَ عَنْهُ عَسْكَرُهُ، وَلَمْ يَبْقَ مَعَهُ إِلَّا خَاصَّتُهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ لِيَتَلَافَى ذَلِكَ الْخَطْبَ، فَخَرَجَ إِلَيْهِ عَسْكَرُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ هِشَامٍ فَقَتَلُوهُ وَحَمَلُوا رَأْسَهُ إِلَى قُرْطُبَةَ فَطَافُوا بِهِ، وَكَانَ قَتْلُهُ سَنَةَ تِسْعٍ وَتِسْعِينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ، ثُمَّ صَلَبُوهُ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the death of al-Ḥakam and the accession of his son Hishām In this year died al-Ḥakam b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh al-Umawī, lord of al-Andalus. His rule lasted fifteen years and five months, and he was sixty-three years and seven months old. He was fair-haired, with wide eyes, a prominent nose, a loud voice, a large body, and protruding front teeth. He loved the people of knowledge, was a learned jurist in the legal schools, and knowledgeable in genealogies and histories. He was a great collector of books and scholars, honoring them and treating them well, bringing them from distant lands to benefit from them and be generous to them. When he died, his son Hishām succeeded him by his father's testament, at the age of ten, and was given the title al-Muʾayyad bi-llāh. The provinces fell into discord during his days, and he was seized and imprisoned, then returned to the emirate. The reason was that when al-Muʾayyad assumed power, al-Manṣūr Abū ʿĀmir Muḥammad b. Abī ʿĀmir al-Maʿāfirī, and his two sons al-Muẓaffar and al-Nāṣir, acted as his chamberlains. When Abū ʿĀmir became his chamberlain, he secluded him from the people, so that no one could see him or reach him. He managed the affairs of his state well, acted justly toward the subjects, the world turned toward him, and he occupied himself with raiding, conquering much of the enemy's territory. The lands of al-Andalus became filled with spoils and captives, and he made most of his army from among them, such as Wāḍiḥ the youth and other famous ones, who were known as the ʿĀmirids. God prolonged his situation for twenty-six years, during which he conducted fifty-two raids, both summer and winter. He died in the year 392 AH. He was resolute, strong-willed, very just and beneficent, and of good policy. One of his good deeds: he entered the land of the Franks as a raider, and crossed the pass to it, a narrow defile between two mountains, and penetrated deep into the Frankish land, taking captives, destroying, and seizing booty. When he wanted to leave, he found that they had blocked the pass and were guarding it against the Muslims. He pretended that he intended to stay in their land, and he and his army set about building dwellings and planting crops, and brought firewood, straw, provisions, and whatever they needed. When they saw his resolve to stay, they inclined to peace, and sent messages to him about abandoning the booty and passing through to his own land. He said: 'I am resolved to stay.' So they left the booty to him, but he did not answer them for peace. Then they offered him money and mounts to carry what he had captured from their land, and he answered them for peace. They opened the pass, and he crossed to his own land. He was originally from al-Jazīra al-Khaḍrāʾ. He came as a young man to Córdoba, seeking knowledge, literature, and the hearing of ḥadīth. He excelled and distinguished himself, then attached himself to the service of Ṣubḥ, the mother of al-Muʾayyad, and his standing with her became great. When al-Ḥakam al-Mustanṣir died, al-Muʾayyad was young, and it was feared that the kingdom would fall into disorder. He guaranteed to Ṣubḥ the tranquility of the provinces and the removal of fear, and he was strong of soul. Fate assisted him, and the emirs helped him with funds, so he won over the armies, and affairs proceeded in the best order. His mother was Tamīmiyya, and his father Maʿāfirī, a branch of Ḥimyar. When he died, his son ʿAbd al-Malik, titled al-Muẓaffar, succeeded him and followed his father's course. He died in the year 399 AH, so his rule lasted seven years. The cause of his death was that his brother ʿAbd al-Raḥmān poisoned him with an apple he cut with a knife, one side of which he had poisoned. He handed his brother the poisoned side and took the sound side himself, eating it in his presence, so al-Muẓaffar felt at ease and ate what was in his hand, and died. When he died, his brother ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, titled al-Nāṣir, succeeded him. He did not follow the path of his father and brother, but engaged in wantonness, drinking wine, and other such things. Then he secretly sent to al-Muʾayyad someone to frighten him into making him his heir apparent, and he did so. The people and the Umayyads resented that and hated him, and they moved against him until he was killed. He raided in winter and penetrated deep into the land of the Galicians. Their king did not dare meet him, but fortified himself in the mountain peaks. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān could not pursue him because of the swollen rivers and heavy snow, but he wrought havoc in the lands he entered and came out well supplied. On his way he learned that Muḥammad b. Hishām b. ʿAbd al-Jabbār b. al-Nāṣir li-Dīn Allāh had appeared in Córdoba, captured it, and taken al-Muʾayyad prisoner. His army dispersed from him, and only his close companions remained. He marched to Córdoba to deal with that calamity, but the army of Muḥammad b. Hishām came out against him and killed him, carrying his head to Córdoba and parading it around. He was killed in the year 399 AH, then crucified.
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