Tarikh (al-Tabari) 4314
Then the year 361 AH began
ذِكْرُ خَبَرِ يُوسُفَ بُلُكِّينَ بْنِ زِيرِي بْنِ مَنَادٍ وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ هُوَ يُوسُفُ بُلُكِّينُ بْنُ زِيرِي بْنِ مَنَادٍ الصِّنْهَاجِيُّ الْحِمْيَرِيُّ، اجْتَمَعَتْ صِنْهَاجَةُ وَمَنْ وَالَاهَا بِالْمَغْرِبِ عَلَى طَاعَتِهِ، قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقَدِّمَهُ الْمَنْصُورُ، وَكَانَ أَبُوهُ مَنَادٌ كَبِيرًا فِي قَوْمِهِ، كَثِيرَ الْمَالِ وَالْوَلَدِ، حَسَنَ الضِّيَافَةِ لِمَنْ يَمُرُّ بِهِ، وَيُقَدِّمُ ابْنَهُ زِيرِي فِي أَيَّامِهِ، وَقَادَ كَثِيرًا مِنْ صِنْهَاجَةَ، وَأَغَارَ بِهِمْ، وَسَبَى، فَحَسَدَتْهُ زَنَاتَةَ، وَجَمَعَتْ لَهُ لِتَسِيرَ إِلَيْهِ وَتُحَارِبَهُ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ مُجِدًّا، فَكَبَسَهُمْ لَيْلًا وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ بِأَرْضِ مُغِيلَةَ، فَقَتَلَ مِنْهُمْ كَثِيرًا، وَغَنِمَ مَا مَعَهُمْ، فَكَثُرَ تَبَعُهُ، فَضَاقَتْ بِهِمْ أَرْضُهُمْ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: لَوِ اتَّخَذْتَ لَنَا بَلَدًا غَيْرَ هَذَا، فَسَارَ بِهِمْ إِلَى مَوْضِعِ مَدِينَةِ أَشِيرَ، فَرَأَى مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْعُيُونِ، فَاسْتَحْسَنَهُ، وَبَنَى فِيهِ مَدِينَةَ أَشِيرَ، وَسَكَنَهَا هُوَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ سَنَةَ أَرْبَعٍ وَسِتِّينَ وَثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ. وَكَانَتْ زَنَاتَةُ تُفْسِدُ فِي الْبِلَادِ، فَإِذَا طَلَبُوا احْتَمَوْا بِالْجِبَالِ وَالْبَرَارِي، فَلَمَّا بُنِيَتْ أَشِيرُ صَارَتْ صِنْهَاجَةُ بَيْنَ زَنَاتَةَ وَالْبَرْبَرِ، فَسُرَّ بِذَلِكَ الْقَائِمُ. وَسَمِعَ زِيرِي بِغِمَارَةَ وَفَسَادِهِمْ، وَاسْتِحْلَالِهِمُ الْمُحَرَّمَاتِ، وَأَنَّهُمْ قَدْ ظَهَرَ فِيهِمْ نَبِيٌّ، فَسَارَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَغَزَاهُمْ، وَظَفِرَ بِهِمْ، وَأَخَذَ الَّذِي كَانَ يَدَّعِي النُّبُوَّةَ أَسِيرًا، وَأَحْضَرَ الْفُقَهَاءَ فَقَتَلَهُ. ثُمَّ كَانَ لَهُ أَثَرٌ حَسَنٌ فِي حَادِثَةِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ الْخَارِجِيِّ، وَحَمَلَ الْمِيرَةَ إِلَى الْقَائِمِ بِالْمَهْدِيَّةِ، فَحَسُنَ مَوْقِعُهَا مِنْهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ زَنَاتَةَ حَصَرَتْ مَدِينَةَ أَشِيرَ، فَجَمَعَ لَهُمْ زِيرِي جُمُوعًا كَثِيرَةً، وَجَرَى بَيْنَهُمْ عِدَّةُ وَقَعَاتٍ قُتِلَ فِيهَا كَثِيرٌ مِنَ الْفَرِيقَيْنِ، ثُمَّ ظَفِرَ بِهِمْ وَاسْتَبَاحَهُمْ. ثُمَّ ظَهَرَ بِجَبَلِ أُورَاسَ رَجُلٌ، وَخَالَفَ عَلَى الْمَنْصُورِ، وَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ، يُقَالُ لَهُ سَعِيدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، فَسَيَّرَ إِلَيْهِ زِيرِي وَلَدَهُ بُلُكِّينَ فِي جَيْشٍ كَثِيفٍ، فَلَقِيَهُ عِنْدَ بَاغَايَةَ، وَاقْتَتَلُوا، فَقُتِلَ الْخَارِجِيُّ وَمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ هَوَارَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَزَادَ مَحَلُّهُ عِنْدَ الْمَنْصُورِ، وَكَانَ لَهُ فِي فَتْحِ مَدِينَةِ فَاسَ أَثَرٌ عَظِيمٌ، عَلَى مَا ذَكَرْنَاهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ بُلُكِّينَ بْنَ زِيرِي قَصَدَ مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ الْحُسَيْنِ بْنِ خَزَرٍ الزَّنَاتِيَّ، وَقَدْ خَرَجَ عَنْ طَاعَةِ الْمُعِزِّ، وَكَثُرَ جَمْعُهُ، وَعَظُمَ شَأْنُهُ، فَظَفِرَ بِهِ يُوسُفُ بُلُكِّينُ، وَأَكْثَرَ الْقَتْلَ فِي أَصْحَابِهِ، فَسُرَّ الْمُعِزُّ بِذَلِكَ سُرُورًا عَظِيمًا لِأَنَّهُ كَانَ يُرِيدُ [ أَنْ ] يَسْتَخْلِفَ يُوسُفَ بُلُكِّينَ عَلَى الْغَرْبِ لِقُوَّتِهِ، وَكَثْرَةِ أَتْبَاعِهِ، وَكَانَ يَخَافُ أَنْ يَتَغَلَّبَ عَلَى الْبِلَادِ بَعْدَ مَسِيرِهِ عَنْهَا إِلَى مِصْرَ. فَلَمَّا اسْتَحْكَمَتِ الْوَحْشَةُ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ زَنَاتَةَ أَمِنَ تَغَلُّبَهُ عَلَى الْبِلَادِ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ جَعْفَرَ بْنَ عَلِيٍّ، صَاحِبَ مَدِينَةِ مَسِيلَةَ وَأَعْمَالِ الزَّابِ، كَانَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ زِيرِي مُحَاسَدَةٌ، فَلَمَّا كَثُرَ تَقَدُّمُ زِيرِي عِنْدَ الْمُعِزِّ سَاءَ ذَلِكَ جَعْفَرًا، فَفَارَقَ بِلَادَهُ وَلَحِقَ بِزَنَاتَةَ فَقَبِلُوهُ قَبُولًا عَظِيمًا، وَمَلَّكُوهُ عَلَيْهِمْ عَدَاوَةً لِزِيرِي، وَعَصَى عَلَى الْمُعِزِّ، فَسَارَ زِيرِي إِلَيْهِ فِي جَمْعٍ كَثِيرٍ مِنْ صِنْهَاجَةَ وَغَيْرِهِمْ، فَالْتَقَوْا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، وَاشْتَدَّ الْقِتَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ، فَكَبَا بِزِيرِي فَرَسُهُ ( فَوَقَعَ ) فَقُتِلَ، وَرَأَى جَعْفَرٌ مِنْ زَنَاتَةَ تَغَيُّرًا عَنْ طَاعَتِهِ، وَنَدَمًا عَلَى قَتْلِ زِيرِي، فَقَالَ لَهُمْ: إِنَّ ابْنَهُ يُوسُفَ بُلُكِّينَ لَا يَتْرُكُ ثَأْرَ أَبِيهِ، وَلَا يَرْضَى بِمَنْ قُتِلَ مِنْكُمْ، وَالرَّأْيُ أَنْ نَتَحَصَّنَ بِالْجِبَالِ الْمَنِيعَةِ، وَالْأَوْعَارِ، فَأَجَابُوهُ إِلَى ذَلِكَ، فَحَمَلَ مَالَهُ وَأَهْلَهُ فِي الْمَرَاكِبِ، وَبَقِيَ هُوَ مَعَ الزَّنَاتِيِّينَ، وَأَمَرَ عَبِيدَهُ ( فِي الْمَرَاكِبِ ) أَنْ يَعْمَلُوا فِي الْمَرَاكِبِ فِتْنَةً، فَفَعَلُوا وَهُوَ يُشَاهِدُهُمْ مِنَ الْبَرِّ، فَقَالَ لِزَنَاتَةَ: أُرِيدُ [ أَنْ ] أَنْظُرَ مَا سَبَبُ هَذَا الشَّرِّ، فَصَعِدَ الْمَرْكَبَ، وَنَجَا مَعَهُمْ، وَسَارَ إِلَى الْأَنْدَلُسِ إِلَى الْحَاكِمِ الْأُمَوِيِّ، فَأَكْرَمَهُ، وَأَحْسَنَ إِلَيْهِ، وَنَدِمَتْ زَنَاتَةُ كَيْفَ لَمْ يَقْتُلُوهُ وَيَغْنَمُوا مَا مَعَهُ. ثُمَّ إِنَّ يُوسُفَ بُلُكِّينَ جَمَعَ فَأَكْثَرَ، وَقَصَدَ زَنَاتَةَ، وَأَكْثَرَ الْقَتْلَ فِيهِمْ وَسَبَى نِسَاءَهُمْ، وَغَنِمَ أَوْلَادَهُمْ، وَأَمَرَ أَنْ تُجْعَلَ الْقُدُورُ عَلَى رُءُوسِهِمْ، وَيُطْبَخَ فِيهَا، وَلَمَّا سَمِعَ الْمُعِزُّ بِذَلِكَ سَرَّهُ أَيْضًا، وَزَادَ فِي أَقَطَاعِ بُلُكِّينَ الْمَسِيلَةَ وَأَعْمَالَهَا، وَعَظُمَ شَأْنُهُ، وَنَذْكُرُ بَاقِيَ أَحْوَالِهِ بَعْدَ مُلْكِهِ إِفْرِيقِيَّةَ.
Translation
✧ Mention of the affair of Yūsuf Bulukkīn b. Zīrī b. Manād and his household He is Yūsuf Bulukkīn b. Zīrī b. Manād al-Ṣinhājī al-Ḥimyarī. The Ṣinhāja and those who allied with them in the Maghrib gathered in obedience to him before al-Manṣūr appointed him, and his father Manād was a great man among his people, possessing much wealth and many children, generous in hospitality to those who passed by him. He advanced his son Zīrī during his own days, and Zīrī led many of the Ṣinhāja, raided with them, and took captives. Zanāta envied him and gathered against him to march to him and fight him. He marched to them earnestly and fell upon them by night while they were heedless in the land of Mughīla, killing many of them and seizing what was with them as booty. His followers grew numerous, and their land became too narrow for them, so they said to him: “Would that you took for us a town other than this.” He marched with them to the site of the city of Ashīr, saw the springs it contained, approved of it, built the city of Ashīr there, and dwelt in it with his companions. That was in the year 364 AH. Zanāta had been causing corruption in the lands, and when they were sought they took refuge in the mountains and the wilds. When Ashīr was built, the Ṣinhāja came to stand between Zanāta and the Berbers, and al-Qāʾim rejoiced at that. Zīrī heard of Ghumāra and their corruption, their declaring forbidden things lawful, and that a prophet had appeared among them. He marched against them and raided them, defeated them, and took the one who claimed prophethood captive. He brought the jurists and had him killed. Then he performed a commendable deed in the affair of Abū Yazīd the Khārijite, and he carried supplies to al-Qāʾim in al-Mahdiyya, and its delivery pleased him. Then Zanāta besieged the city of Ashīr. Zīrī gathered large forces against them, and several battles took place between them in which many of both parties were killed. Then he defeated them and plundered them. Then a man appeared in Jabal Awrās and rebelled against al-Manṣūr, and his following grew numerous. He was called Saʿīd b. Yūsuf. Zīrī sent his son Bulukkīn against him with a dense army. He met him at Bāghāya, and they fought, and the Khārijite and those with him of Hawwāra and others were killed. Thus his standing with al-Manṣūr increased, and he had a great part in the conquest of the city of Fās, as we have mentioned. Then Bulukkīn b. Zīrī made for Muḥammad b. al-Ḥusayn b. Khazar al-Zanātī, who had departed from obedience to al-Muʿizz and whose following had grown numerous and whose importance had become great. Yūsuf Bulukkīn defeated him and inflicted great slaughter among his companions. Al-Muʿizz rejoiced greatly at that because he wanted to appoint Yūsuf Bulukkīn as his deputy over the West on account of his strength and the great number of his followers, but he feared that he might seize control of the lands after his departure from them to Egypt. When enmity between him and Zanāta became firmly established, he felt secure from his seizing control of the lands. Then Jaʿfar b. ʿAlī, lord of the city of Masīla and the dependencies of the Zāb, had mutual envy with Zīrī. When Zīrī's advancement with al-Muʿizz increased, that displeased Jaʿfar, so he left his lands and joined Zanāta. They received him with great welcome and made him their king out of enmity to Zīrī, and he rebelled against al-Muʿizz. Zīrī marched against him with a large gathering of Ṣinhāja and others. They met in the month of Ramaḍān, and fighting intensified between them. Zīrī's horse stumbled with him and he fell and was killed. Jaʿfar saw that Zanāta had changed in their obedience to him and regretted the killing of Zīrī. He said to them: “His son Yūsuf Bulukkīn will not abandon the blood vengeance for his father, nor will he be content with those of you who are killed. The right course is that we fortify ourselves in the inaccessible mountains and the rugged tracts.” They agreed to that. He loaded his wealth and family onto ships while he remained with the Zanāta, and he ordered his slaves on the ships to create a disturbance aboard. They did so while he watched them from the shore. He said to Zanāta: “I want to see what is the cause of this trouble.” He boarded the ship and escaped with them, and went to al-Andalus to al-Ḥakam al-Umawī, who honored him and treated him well. Zanāta regretted that they had not killed him and seized what was with him. Then Yūsuf Bulukkīn gathered forces in great numbers and made for Zanāta, inflicting great slaughter among them, taking their women captive, and seizing their children as booty. He ordered that cooking pots be placed on their heads and that cooking be done in them. When al-Muʿizz heard of that, it pleased him as well, and he increased Bulukkīn's fiefs by granting him Masīla and its dependencies. His importance grew great. We shall mention the rest of his affairs after his rule of Ifrīqiya.
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