Tarikh (al-Tabari) 413
Compendium of Accounts of the Earlier Prophets
فِي الْحَدِيثِ نَحْنُ مَعْشَرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ أَوْلَادُ عَلَّاتٍ، دِينُنَا وَاحِدٌ، وَأُمَّهَاتُنَا شَتَّى وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ شَرَائِعَهُمْ، وَإِنِ اخْتَلَفَتْ فِي الْفُرُوعِ، وَنَسَخَ بَعْضُهَا بَعْضًا حَتَّى انْتَهَى الْجَمِيعُ إِلَى مَا شَرَعَ اللَّهُ لِمُحَمَّدٍ صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَسَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَيْهِمْ أَجْمَعِينَ، إِلَّا أَنَّ كُلَّ نَبِيٍّ بَعَثَهُ اللَّهُ فَإِنَّمَا دِينُهُ الْإِسْلَامُ وَهُوَ التَّوْحِيدُ أَنْ يَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رَسُولٍ إِلَّا نُوحِي إِلَيْهِ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنَا فَاعْبُدُونِ [ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ: 25 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى وَاسْأَلْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا مِنْ قَبْلِكَ مِنْ رُسُلِنَا أَجَعَلْنَا مِنْ دُونِ الرَّحْمَنِ آلِهَةً يُعْبَدُونَ [ الزُّخْرُفِ: 45 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى وَلَقَدْ بَعَثْنَا فِي كُلِّ أُمَّةٍ رَسُولًا أَنِ اعْبُدُوا اللَّهَ وَاجْتَنِبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ هَدَى اللَّهُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِ الضَّلَالَةُ الْآيَةَ [ النَّحْلِ: 36 ] فَأَوْلَادُ الْعَلَّاتِ أَنْ يَكُونَ الْأَبُ وَاحِدًا وَالْأُمَّهَاتُ مُتَفَرِّقَاتٌ فَالْأَبُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الدِّينِ وَهُوَ التَّوْحِيدُ وَالْأُمَّهَاتُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الشَّرَائِعِ فِي اخْتِلَافِ أَحْكَامِهَا، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى. وَقَالَ لِكُلِّ أُمَّةٍ جَعَلْنَا مَنْسَكًا هُمْ نَاسِكُوهُ [ الْحَجِّ: 67 ] وَقَالَ وَلِكُلٍّ وِجْهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيهَا [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 148 ] عَلَى أَحَدِ الْقَوْلَيْنِ فِي تَفْسِيرِهَا. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ الشَّرَائِعَ، وَإِنْ تَنَوَّعَتْ فِي أَوْقَاتِهَا إِلَّا أَنَّ الْجَمِيعَ آمِرَةٌ بِعِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَهُوَ دِينُ الْإِسْلَامِ الَّذِي شَرَعَهُ اللَّهُ لِجَمِيعِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَهُوَ الدِّينُ الَّذِي لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ غَيْرَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ. كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى وَمَنْ يَبْتَغِ غَيْرَ الْإِسْلَامِ دِينًا فَلَنْ يُقْبَلَ مِنْهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْآخِرَةِ مِنَ الْخَاسِرِينَ [ آلِ عِمْرَانَ: 85 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى وَمَنْ يَرْغَبُ عَنْ مِلَّةِ ابْرَاهِيمَ إِلَّا مَنْ سَفِهَ نَفْسَهُ وَلَقَدِ اصْطَفَيْنَاهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِنَّهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ لَمِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ إِذْ قَالَ لَهُ رَبُّهُ أَسْلِمْ قَالَ أَسْلَمْتُ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ وَوَصَّى بِهَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بَنِيهِ وَيَعْقُوبُ يَا بَنِيَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَى لَكُمُ الدِّينَ فَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنْتُمْ مُسْلِمُونَ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 130 - 132 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا التَّوْرَاةَ فِيهَا هُدًى وَنُورٌ يَحْكُمُ بِهَا النَّبِيُّونَ الَّذِينَ أَسْلَمُوا لِلَّذِينَ هَادُوا الْآيَةَ [ الْمَائِدَةِ: 44 ] فَدِينُ الْإِسْلَامِ هُوَ عِبَادَةُ اللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ وَهُوَ الْإِخْلَاصُ لَهُ وَحْدَهُ دُونَ مَا سِوَاهُ وَالْإِحْسَانُ أَنْ يَكُونَ عَلَى الْوَجْهِ الْمَشْرُوعِ فِي ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ الْمَأْمُورِ بِهِ، وَلِهَذَا لَا يَقْبَلُ اللَّهُ مِنْ أَحَدٍ عَمَلًا بَعْدَ أَنْ بَعَثَ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ، إِلَّا عَلَى مَا شَرَعَهُ لَهُ، كَمَا قَالَ تَعَالَى قُلْ يَاأَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا [ الْأَعْرَافِ: 158 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى وَأُوحِيَ إِلَيَّ هَذَا الْقُرْآنُ لِأُنْذِرَكُمْ بِهِ وَمَنْ بَلَغَ [ الْأَنْعَامِ: 19 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِهِ مِنَ الْأَحْزَابِ فَالنَّارُ مَوْعِدُهُ [ هُودٍ: 17 ] وَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بُعِثْتُ إِلَى الْأَحْمَرِ وَالْأَسْوَدِ قِيلَ: أَرَادَ الْعَرَبَ وَالْعَجَمَ. وَقِيلَ: الْإِنْسَ وَالْجِنَّ. وَقَالَ ﷺ وَالَّذِي نَفْسِي بِيَدِهِ لَوْ أَصْبَحَ فِيكُمْ مُوسَى، ثُمَّ اتَّبَعْتُمُوهُ وَتَرَكْتُمُونِي لَضَلَلْتُمْ وَالْأَحَادِيثُ فِي هَذَا كَثِيرَةٌ جِدًّا. وَالْمَقْصُودُ أَنَّ إِخْوَةَ الْعَلَّاتِ أَنْ يَكُونُوا مِنْ أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ وَأُمَّهَاتُهُمْ شَتَّى، مَأْخُوذٌ مِنْ شُرْبِ الْعَلَلِ بَعْدَ النَّهَلِ، وَأَمَّا إِخْوَةُ الْأَخْيَافِ فَعَكْسُ هَذَا أَنْ تَكُونَ أُمُّهُمْ وَاحِدَةً مِنْ آبَاءٍ شَتَّى، وَإِخْوَةُ الْأَعْيَانِ فَهُمُ الْأَشِقَّاءُ مِنْ أَبٍ وَاحِدٍ وَأُمٍّ وَاحِدَةٍ وَاللَّهُ سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى أَعْلَمُ.
Translation
✧ In the hadith: "We, the company of prophets, are children of co-wives; our religion is one, and our mothers are diverse." The meaning is that their sacred laws, although they differed in secondary matters and some of them abrogated others until all ended at what God legislated for Muhammad, may God's blessings and ﷺ and upon them all, yet every prophet whom God sent had as his religion Islam, which is monotheism: to worship God alone with no partner. As God, exalted is He, said: "And We sent not before you any messenger except that We revealed to him that there is no deity except Me, so worship Me" [The Prophets: 25]. And He, exalted is He, said: "And ask those We sent before you of Our messengers: Did We make, besides the Most Merciful, deities to be worshipped?" [The Ornaments: 45]. And He, exalted is He, said: "And We certainly sent into every nation a messenger, [saying], 'Worship God and avoid false deities.' And among them were those whom God guided, and among them were those upon whom error was deserved" [The Bee: 36]. "Children of co-wives" means that the father is one and the mothers are diverse. The father is analogous to the religion, which is monotheism, and the mothers are analogous to the sacred laws in the diversity of their rulings, as He, exalted is He, said: "For every nation We have appointed a rite which they perform" [The Pilgrimage: 67]. And He said: "For each is a direction toward which he turns" [The Cow: 148], according to one of the two opinions in its interpretation. The point is that the sacred laws, although they varied in their times, all commanded the worship of God alone with no partner, which is the religion of Islam that God legislated for all the prophets. It is the religion other than which God will not accept on the Day of Resurrection. As He, exalted is He, said: "And whoever desires other than Islam as religion—never will it be accepted from him, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers" [The Family of ʿImrān: 85]. And He, exalted is He, said: "And who would be averse to the religion of Abraham except one who makes a fool of himself? And We had chosen him in this world, and indeed he, in the Hereafter, will be among the righteous. When his Lord said to him, 'Submit,' he said, 'I submit to the Lord of the worlds.' And Abraham instructed his sons and [so did] Jacob, [saying], 'O my sons, indeed God has chosen for you this religion, so do not die except while you are Muslims'" [The Cow: 130–132]. And He, exalted is He, said: "Indeed, We sent down the Torah, in which was guidance and light. The prophets who submitted [to God] judged by it for the Jews" [The Table Spread: 44]. The religion of Islam is the worship of God alone with no partner, which is sincerity to Him alone, apart from anything else, and excellence is that it be upon the legislated manner commanded at that time. For this reason God does not accept from anyone any deed after He sent Muhammad ﷺ except according to what He legislated for him. As He, exalted is He, said: "Say, 'O mankind, indeed I am the Messenger of God to you all'" [The Heights: 158]. And He, exalted is He, said: "And this Qurʾān was revealed to me that I may warn you thereby and whomever it reaches" [The Cattle: 19]. And He, exalted is He, said: "And whoever disbelieves in it from the factions, the Fire is his promised destination" [Hūd: 17]. And the Messenger of God ﷺ said: "I was sent to the red and the black." It was said: He meant the Arabs and the non-Arabs. And it was said: humans and jinn. And he ﷺ said: "By Him in whose hand is my soul, if Moses were to appear among you, then you followed him and abandoned me, you would go astray." The hadiths on this are very numerous. The point is that brothers through co-wives are those who are from one father and their mothers are diverse, taken from drinking a second draught after the first. As for brothers through different fathers, it is the opposite of this: their mother is one, from diverse fathers. Brothers of the same parents are full siblings from one father and one mother. And God, glory be to Him, exalted is He, knows best.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.