Tarikh (al-Tabari) 407
Compendium of Accounts of the Earlier Prophets
بَابُ عَدَدِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ وَالْمُرْسَلِينَ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ الْآيَةَ [ الْبَقَرَةِ: 253 ] وَقَالَ تَعَالَى إِنَّا أَوْحَيْنَا الَيْكَ كَمَا أَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى نُوحٍ وَالنَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَالْأَسْبَاطِ وَعِيسَى وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُونُسَ وَهَارُونَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُدَ زَبُورًا وَرُسُلًا قَدْ قَصَصْنَاهُمْ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَرُسُلًا لَمْ نَقْصُصْهُمْ عَلَيْكَ وَكَلَّمَ اللَّهُ مُوسَى تَكْلِيمًا رُسُلًا مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَى اللَّهِ حُجَّةٌ بَعْدَ الرُّسُلِ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ عَزِيزًا حَكِيمًا [ النِّسَاءِ: 163 ]. وَقَدْ قَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو يَعْلَى الْمَوْصِلِيُّ: بسنده عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: بَعَثَ اللَّهُ ثَمَانِيَةَ آلَافِ نَبِيٍّ أَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ إِلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَأَرْبَعَةَ آلَافٍ إِلَى سَائِرِ النَّاسِ. وَقَدْ رُوِيَ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، فَقَالَ الْحَافِظُ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْبَزَّارُ بسنده عَنْ جَابِرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: إِنِّي لِخَاتَمُ أَلْفِ نَبِيٍّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ، وَإِنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنْهُمْ نَبِيٌّ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَنْذَرَ قَوْمَهُ الدَّجَّالَ، وَإِنَّهُ قَدْ تَبَيَّنَ لِي فِيهِ مَا لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ، وَإِنَّهُ أَعْوَرُ، وَإِنَّ رَبَّكُمْ لَيْسَ بِأَعْوَرَ. وَهَذَا إِسْنَادٌ حَسَنٌ وَهُوَ مَحْمُولٌ عَلَى ذِكْرِ عَدَدِ مَنْ أَنْذَرَ قَوْمَهُ الدَّجَّالَ مِنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَكِنَّ فِي الْحَدِيثِ الْآخَرِ مَا مِنْ نَبِيٍّ إِلَّا وَقَدْ أَنْذَرَ أُمَّتَهُ الدَّجَّالَ فَاللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ. وعَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ قَالَ: قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَمِ الْأَنْبِيَاءُ ؟ قَالَ: " مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَأَرْبَعَةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ أَلْفًا " قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، كَمِ الرُّسُلُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ: " ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَثَلَاثَةَ عَشَرَ جَمًّا غَفِيرًا " قُلْتُ: مَنْ كَانَ أَوَّلُهُمْ ؟ قَالَ: " آدَمُ " قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، أَنَبِيٌّ مُرْسَلٌ ؟ قَالَ: " نَعَمْ، خَلَقَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِيَدِهِ وَنَفَخَ فِيهِ مِنْ رُوحِهِ ، وَسَوَّاهُ قَبْلًا. يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ: أَرْبَعَةٌ سِرْيَانِيُّونَ: آدَمُ، وَشِيثُ وَأَخْنُوخُ وَهُوَ إِدْرِيسُ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنْ خَطَّ بِالْقَلَمِ - وَنُوحٌ، وَأَرْبَعَةٌ مِنَ الْعَرَبِ: هُودٌ، وَشُعَيْبٌ، وَصَالِحٌ، وَنَبِيُّكَ يَا أَبَا ذَرٍّ، وَأَوَّلُ أَنْبِيَاءِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ: مُوسَى، وَآخِرُهُمْ عِيسَى عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ، وَأَوَّلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ: آدَمُ، وَآخِرُهُمْ مُحَمَّدٌ ". قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ كَمْ كِتَابٌ أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ ؟ قَالَ: مِائَةُ كِتَابٍ وَأَرْبَعَةُ كُتُبٍ، أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَلَى شِيثَ خَمْسِينَ صَحِيفَةً، وَعَلَى أَخْنُوخَ ثَلَاثِينَ صَحِيفَةً وَعَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَشْرَ صَحَائِفَ، وَأَنْزَلَ عَلَى مُوسَى قَبْلَ أَنْ يُنْزِلَ التَّوْرَاةَ عَشْرَ صَحَائِفَ، وَأَنْزَلَ التَّوْرَاةَ، وَالْإِنْجِيلَ، وَالزَّبُورَ، وَالْفُرْقَانَ " . قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ؟ قَالَ: " كَانَتْ أَمْثَالًا كُلَّهَا، كَانَ فِيهَا: أَيُّهَا الْمَلِكُ الْمُسَلَّطُ الْمُبْتَلَى الْمَغْرُورُ، إِنِّي لَمْ أَبْعَثْكَ تَجْمَعُ الدُّنْيَا بَعْضَهَا إِلَى بَعْضٍ، وَلَكِنْ بَعَثْتُكَ لِتَرُدَّ عَنِّي دَعْوَةَ الْمَظْلُومِ، فَإِنِّي لَا أَرُدُّهَا وَلَوْ كَانَتْ مِنْ كَافِرٍ، وَكَانَ فِيهَا أَمْثَالٌ، وَعَلَى الْعَاقِلِ أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهُ سَاعَاتٌ: سَاعَةٌ يُنَاجِي فِيهَا رَبَّهُ، وَسَاعَةٌ يُحَاسِبُ فِيهَا نَفْسَهُ، وَسَاعَةٌ يُفَكِّرُ فِي صُنْعِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِلَيْهِ، وَسَاعَةٌ يَخْلُو فِيهَا بِحَاجَتِهِ مِنَ الْمَطْعَمِ وَالْمَشْرَبِ، وَعَلَى الْعَاقِلِ أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ طَائِعًا إِلَّا لِثَلَاثٍ: تَزَوُّدٍ لِمَعَادٍ، أَوْ مَرَمَّةٍ لِمَعَاشٍ، أَوْ لَذَّةٍ فِي غَيْرِ مُحَرَّمٍ، وَعَلَى الْعَاقِلِ أَنْ يَكُونَ بَصِيرًا بِزَمَانِهِ، مُعِيلًا عَلَى شَأْنِهِ، حَافِظًا لِسَانَهُ، وَمَنْ يَحْسِبُ كَلَامَهُ مِنْ عَمَلِهِ، قَلَّ كَلَامُهُ إِلَّا فِيمَا يَعْنِيهِ. قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، مَا كَانَتْ صُحُفُ مُوسَى ؟ قَالَ: " كَانَتْ عِبَرًا كُلَّهَا عَجِبْتُ لِمَنْ أَيْقَنَ بِالْقَدَرِ، ثُمَّ هُوَ يَلْهُو، وَعَجِبْتُ لِمَنْ رَأَى الدُّنْيَا وَتَقَلُّبُهَا بِأَهْلِهَا ثُمَّ اطْمَأَنَّ إِلَيْهَا، وَعَجِبْتُ لِمَنْ أَيْقَنَ بِالْحِسَابِ غَدًا كَيْفَ لَا يَعْمَلُ ". وَرَوَى أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيُّ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: " إِنَّ بَيْنَ يَدَيِ الرَّحْمَنِ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى لَوْحًا فِيهِ ثَلَاثُمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسَ عَشْرَةَ شَرِيعَةً، يَقُولُ الرَّحْمَنُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: وَعِزَّتِي وَجَلَالِي لَا يَأْتِينِي عَبْدٌ مِنْ عِبَادِي لَا يُشْرِكُ بِي شَيْئًا فِيهِ وَاحِدٌ مِنْكُنَّ إِلَّا أَدْخَلْتُهُ الْجَنَّةَ ". قَالَ أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ الْمُنَادِي: هَذِهِ الشَّرَائِعُ عَائِدَةٌ إِلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ. وَرَوَى عِكْرِمَةُ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ مِنَ الْفُرْسِ نَبِيٌّ. وَقَالَ وَهْبُ بْنُ مُنَبِّهٍ: أُنْزِلَتْ صُحُفُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ فِي أَوَّلِ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَالتَّوْرَاةُ لِسِتِّ [ لَيَالٍ ] خَلَوْنَ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، [ وَالزَّبُورُ لِاثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ ] وَالْإِنْجِيلُ لِثَمَانِي عَشْرَةَ [ لَيْلَةً ] خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ، وَالْقُرْآنُ لِأَرْبَعٍ وَعِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً خَلَتْ مِنْ رَمَضَانَ.
Translation
✧ Chapter on the number of the prophets and messengers. Allah, exalted is He, said: "Those messengers - We preferred some of them over others. Among them were those to whom Allah spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the son of Mary, clear proofs and supported him with the Holy Spirit" [al-Baqarah: 253]. And He, exalted is He, said: "Indeed, We have revealed to you, [O Muhammad], as We revealed to Noah and the prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, the tribes, Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon, and We gave David the book [of Psalms]. And [We sent] messengers about whom We have related [their stories] to you before and messengers about whom We have not related to you. And Allah spoke to Moses with [direct] speech. [We sent] messengers as bringers of good tidings and warners so that mankind will have no argument against Allah after the messengers. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise" [al-Nisa': 163-165]. Al-Hafiz Abu Ya'la al-Mawsili said with his chain of transmission from Anas b. Malik, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Allah sent eight thousand prophets, four thousand to the Children of Israel and four thousand to the rest of mankind." It has also been narrated from Jabir b. 'Abd Allah. Al-Hafiz Abu Bakr al-Bazzar said with his chain of transmission from Jabir, who said: The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "I am the seal of a thousand prophets or more, and there is no prophet among them except that he warned his people against the Dajjal, and it has become clear to me about him what has not become clear to any of them, and that he is one-eyed, and that your Lord is not one-eyed." This is a good chain of transmission, and it is interpreted as referring to the number of prophets who warned their people against the Dajjal, but in the other hadith: "There is no prophet except that he warned his nation against the Dajjal," so Allah knows best. From Abu Dharr, who said: I said, "O Messenger of Allah, how many prophets were there?" He said, "One hundred and twenty-four thousand." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, how many messengers were among them?" He said, "Three hundred and thirteen, a great multitude." I said, "Who was the first of them?" He said, "Adam." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, was he a prophet sent as a messenger?" He said, "Yes, Allah, exalted is He, created him with His hand and breathed into him of His spirit, and fashioned him before [all others]. O Abu Dharr: Four were Syriac-speaking: Adam, Seth, and Enoch, who is Idris, and he was the first to write with the pen - and Noah; and four were from the Arabs: Hud, Shu'ayb, Salih, and your prophet, O Abu Dharr. The first of the prophets of the Children of Israel was Moses, and the last of them was Jesus ﷺ. The first of the messengers was Adam, and the last of them was Muhammad." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, how many books did Allah, mighty and majestic is He, send down?" He said, "One hundred and four books. Allah, mighty and majestic is He, sent down upon Seth fifty scrolls, upon Enoch thirty scrolls, upon Abraham ten scrolls, and He sent down upon Moses, before the Torah, ten scrolls, and He sent down the Torah, the Gospel, the Psalms, and the Furqan." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, what were the scrolls of Abraham?" He said, "They were all proverbs. Among them was: O king who is given authority, tested, and deceived, I have not sent you to amass the world, one part upon another, but I sent you to avert from Me the supplication of the oppressed, for I do not reject it even if it comes from a disbeliever. And among them were proverbs: It is incumbent upon the intelligent one that he should have hours: an hour in which he privately communes with his Lord, an hour in which he takes himself to account, an hour in which he reflects upon the work of Allah, mighty and majestic is He, toward him, and an hour in which he is alone with his need for food and drink. It is incumbent upon the intelligent one not to obey anyone except for three things: provision for the Hereafter, repair of his livelihood, or pleasure in what is not forbidden. And it is incumbent upon the intelligent one to be discerning of his time, attentive to his affairs, and guarding his tongue. Whoever counts his speech as part of his deeds speaks little except in what concerns him." I said, "O Messenger of Allah, what were the scrolls of Moses?" He said, "They were all admonitions: I marvel at one who is certain of the decree, yet he is heedless. I marvel at one who has seen the world and its changes with its people, yet he is at ease with it. I marvel at one who is certain of the reckoning tomorrow, yet he does not act." Abu Sa'id al-Khudri narrated from the Prophet ﷺ that he said: "Indeed, before the Most Merciful, blessed and exalted is He, there is a tablet upon which are three hundred and fifteen laws. The Most Merciful, mighty and majestic is He, says: 'By My might and My majesty, no servant among My servants will come to Me without associating anything with Me, and in him is one of them, except that I will admit him to Paradise.'" Abu al-Husayn b. al-Munadi said: These laws refer to the messengers. 'Ikrimah narrated from Ibn 'Abbas, who said: There was no prophet from the Persians. Wahb b. Munabbih said: The scrolls of Abraham were sent down on the first night of Ramadan, the Torah on six [nights] having passed of Ramadan, [and the Psalms on twelve nights having passed of Ramadan,] the Gospel on eighteen [nights] having passed of Ramadan, and the Qur'an on twenty-four nights having passed of Ramadan.
Grades by grader
No grade is recorded for this wording.